Industrial Grade Toluene (CAS 108-88-3): ISO Tank & Drum Bulk Export is supplied as a clear, low-viscosity aromatic hydrocarbon for solvent, extraction, and downstream aromatic feedstock use. The material is transported under UN 1294, Class 3, Packing Group II, in 20-foot ISO tank containers or UN 1A1 steel tight-head 200...
Toluene, CAS 108-88-3, molecular formula C7H8, is supplied as a clear, low-viscosity aromatic hydrocarbon whose grade selection controls storage design, analytical release testing, and downstream unit operations. The commercial scope of a toluene supplier — industrial & nitration grade, bulk & drum — includes solvent blending, fuel intermediate handling, and...
The nominal purity gap between 99.5% toluene and 99.9% toluene is commonly described as an industrial-versus-nitration boundary, but the controlling specification delta is not the toluene assay alone. A 99.5% aromatic stream may meet solvent, paint, and extraction duties under a producer certificate listing toluene at 99.5 wt% minimum, while...
Toluene (CAS 108-88-3, EC 203-625-9) is supplied as nitration-grade, solvent-grade, and synthesis-grade aromatic hydrocarbon with a molecular weight of 92.14 g/mol, a normal boiling point of 110.6 °C at 101.3 kPa, and a closed cup flash point of 4.4 °C. The regulatory classification under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 includes Flam....
Commercial Toluene (CAS 108-88-3, EC 203-625-9) is a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C7H8 and a molar mass of 92.14 g/mol. At 101.325 kPa the normal boiling point is 110.6 °C, the freezing point is -95.0 °C, and the density at 20 °C is 0.8669 g/cm³. The closed-cup flash...
Toluene (CAS 108-88-3; EC 200-838-9) is imported into the European Union under Combined Nomenclature code 2902 30 00 and falls within the scope of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. This toluene REACH registration — EU import compliance guide addresses the registration duties, restriction screening, classification, and documentation obligations that arise before,...
The specification request Toluene Kosher / Halal / Food Grade (FCC) — Compliance for Flavor Use is not a single monograph citation; it is a compound compliance claim that must be separated into compendial identity, religious dietary certification, and residual solvent control. Toluene, CAS 108-88-3, formula C7H8, has a molar...
Toluene safety data sheet preparation in the People’s Republic of China follows the 16-section sequence defined in GB/T 16483-2008, Safety data sheet for chemical products — Content and order of sections. The standard functions as the national technical reference for the regulatory obligation established by State Council Decree No. 591...
Toluene is not typically treated as a single-component aromatic when it crosses a producer’s custody transfer point; instead, the sulfur, thiophene, and non-aromatic profile determines whether the material can enter catalytic operations without immediate deactivation or derivative-quality shifts. In catalytic-reforming-derived material, sulfur compounds that survive naphtha hydrotreating and aromatics extraction...
Toluene (CAS 108-88-3, EC 203-625-9) is a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C7H8 and a relative molecular mass of 92.14 g/mol. At 101.325 kPa, the atmospheric boiling point is 110.6 °C, the closed-cup flash point is approximately 4 °C, and the density at 20 °C is 0.867 g/cm3....
Storage stability for toluene (methylbenzene, CAS 108-88-3) is not adequately expressed as a single fixed shelf life because oxidative degradation depends on headspace oxygen availability, storage temperature, ultraviolet exposure, trace-metal contamination, and the presence or absence of an antioxidant. Commercial nitration-grade toluene is commonly supplied under ASTM D841-21, which establishes...
For toluene in TDI production — the largest downstream and supply chain draw among isocyanate intermediates — the aromatic methyl substitution is preserved through the entire sequence of mixed-acid nitration, catalytic hydrogenation, and phosgenation. Toluene first enters a continuous dinitration loop, where mixed acid converts the ring to an isomeric...
Within the industrial procurement context, toluene is evaluated under the dual-use lens of TNT / explosive precursor risk because the same high-purity aromatic used in polyurethane intermediate production can be diverted to unauthorized nitration. Toluene (CAS 108-88-3, UN 1294) is a methylated single-ring aromatic recovered from catalytic reformate, pyrolysis gasoline,...
Toluene Solvent in Paint & Coatings — Replacement for Xylene Commercial toluene, CAS 108-88-3, functions as a fast-evaporating aromatic diluent in solvent-borne paints and coatings. Paint-grade material supplied to coating plants is commonly controlled under ASTM D841-17 for benzene and sulfur limits. The solvent is distinguished from mixed xylenes, CAS...
Toluene in Adhesives & Rubber Cements — Contact Bond Application designates toluene as the main solvating and rheological control solvent in solvent-borne contact adhesives. The aromatic hydrocarbon, CAS 108-88-3, has a boiling point of 110.6 °C, vapor pressure of 2.9 kPa at 20 °C, closed-cup flash point of 4 °C,...
Toluene in benzoic acid / benzoyl chloride / sodium benzoate supply chains is best understood as a building block that moves through oxidation, chlorination, and neutralization unit operations. Commercial nitration-grade toluene is specified under ASTM D841-21; supplier certificates routinely report non-aromatic hydrocarbon content, acid-wash color, benzene, and sulfur. The sulfur...
Toluene in Pharmaceutical Industry — API Crystallization Solvent Toluene in Pharmaceutical Industry — API Crystallization Solvent is deployed in small-molecule active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) manufacturing when a low-polarity aprotic mother liquor is required for cooling crystallization, anti-solvent precipitation, or solvate screening. The solvent has a molecular weight of 92.14 g/mol,...
During high-severity catalytic reforming of heavy straight-run naphtha over chlorided Pt/Al₂O₃ or continuous catalyst regeneration units operating at reactor inlet temperatures in the 480–540 °C range and pressures from 0.7 MPa to 3.5 MPa, toluene accumulates as the dominant C₇ aromatic in the debutanized platformate. A full-range reformate from Middle...
Toluene Disproportionation to Benzene & Xylene (Tatoray / MSTDP) is an industrial catalytic route in which two moles of toluene are converted to one mole of benzene and one mole of mixed xylene isomers. The near-thermoneutral vapor-phase reaction, represented as 2 C₇H₈ → C₆H₆ + C₈H₁₀, is carried out over...
Toluene in Printing Ink — Sole Edition Toluene (CAS 108-88-3) possesses a Hansen solubility parameter dispersion component of 18.0 MPa0.5, polar component 1.4 MPa0.5, and hydrogen-bonding component 2.0 MPa0.5; these values place the aromatic hydrocarbon within the solution window of laminating-ink binders based on dimerized fatty acid polyamides and plasticized...
In high-solids epoxy maintenance coatings, the use of toluene diluent for epoxy & polyurethane coatings is evaluated first against low-shear and high-shear viscosity targets rather than simple weight-per-gallon adjustment. A bisphenol A diglycidyl ether resin with an epoxy equivalent weight of 450–500 g/eq and a neat viscosity above 5,000 mPa·s...
Toluene Recovery & Recycling — Solvent Distillation Economics is evaluated as a closed-loop mass balance rather than a single-unit purification calculation. Waste toluene streams from flexible packaging, gravure printing, and reaction-centrifuge washes contain not only the base aromatic hydrocarbon but also water, low-boiling esters and ketones, dissolved resins, and colloidal...
Toluene Price Per Ton 2026 — Weekly Update & Forecast Toluene (methylbenzene, CAS 108-88-3) is a clear aromatic hydrocarbon recovered from catalytic reformate, pyrolysis gasoline, and coke oven light oil. Toluene Price Per Ton 2026 — Weekly Update & Forecast tracks bulk petrochemical pricing for commercial-grade and nitration-grade material. Spot...
Toluene, CAS 108-88-3, is the C7 aromatic cut in the benzene-toluene-xylene complex and is recovered from catalytic reformate, pyrolysis gasoline, and steel mill light oil. Its price is not an isolated variable; benzene and mixed xylene values define extraction economics, gasoline allocation, and downstream conversion margins. In aromatics markets, toluene...
Toluene (CAS 108-88-3) moves through bulk chemical supply chains as a Class 3 flammable liquid under UN1294, Packing Group II. Its closed-cup flash point of 4°C and normal boiling point of 110.6°C make packaging selection a regulatory control before it becomes a unit-cost calculation. At 20°C, density is 0.867 g/cm³...
Toluene, CAS 108-88-3, is an aromatic hydrocarbon with molecular weight 92.14 g/mol, boiling point 110.6 °C at 101.3 kPa, closed-cup flash point 4.4 °C, and vapor pressure 2.9 kPa at 20 °C. It is consumed in nitration-grade chemical production, benzene and xylenes conversion, toluene diisocyanate precursor synthesis, solvent formulations, and...
The toluene supply chain — China, Korea, Singapore, India routes — is defined by integrated aromatics economics, coastal berth specifications, and quality preservation during maritime and inland transfer. Toluene CAS 108-88-3 is a Class IB flammable liquid under NFPA 30; its closed-cup flash point is 4.4 °C, its boiling point...
The evaluation described as Toluene Wholesale vs Factory Direct — Margin Reality is not a comparison of two published prices but a comparison of two cost structures, two custody-transfer sequences, and two specification-ownership regimes. Toluene, CAS 108-88-3, has molar mass 92.14 g/mol, density 0.8669 g/cm³ at 20 °C, normal boiling...
Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and chemical intermediate with molecular formula C₇H₈, CAS registry number 108-88-3, and molar mass 92.14 g/mol. Normal boiling point is 110.6 °C, density is 0.8669 g/cm³ at 20 °C, and closed-cup flash point is 4.4 °C, which places the material under transport classification UN...
Toluene is consigned under the transport designation UN 1294 Toluene — Dangerous Goods Shipping Guide (Class 3, PG II), a classification that identifies the product as a flammable liquid requiring UN-type-approved containment, Class 3 labelling, and Packing Group II performance standards in land, sea, and air movements. The proper shipping...
Toluene ISO Tank Container — T4 Portable Tank Specification defines the approved pressure, closure, material, and operational envelope for moving UN 1294 toluene in a 20-ft ISO tank container. Toluene, CAS 108-88-3, is a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with molecular weight 92.14 g/mol, density 0.867 g/cm³ at 20 °C, closed-cup flash...
The packaging evaluation of toluene — 180kg steel drum vs 200L plastic drum — begins with the liquid’s physical constants because net fill mass, thermal expansion, vapour pressure, and container rating all control whether a drum format is technically workable. Toluene, UN 1294, Class 3, Packing Group II, has a...
For export documentation, the phrase Toluene MSDS & Dangerous Goods Declaration — Export Documents Checklist denotes a compliance package in which the safety data sheet serves hazard communication, while the dangerous goods declaration serves transport certification. Toluene is methylbenzene, CAS 108-88-3, EC 203-625-9, molecular formula C₇H₈, molecular mass 92.14 g/mol....
The transport and storage profile for Toluene IMDG & ADR Class 3 Requirements — Flash Point 4°C is determined by the substance’s closed-cup flash point of 4 °C and its initial boiling point of 110.6 °C. Toluene is assigned to UN 1294, Class 3, packing group II under both the...
Toluene container loading—20ft ISO Tank vs Flexitank—is governed by the hazardous classification of UN 1294 toluene. Toluene (CAS 108-88-3) is a Class 3 flammable liquid in Packing Group II, with a closed-cup flash point of 4.4 °C by ASTM D56, an initial boiling point of 110.6 °C at 101.325 kPa,...
Toluene (C7H8, relative molecular mass 92.14 g/mol) is stored above ground at atmospheric pressure in fixed-roof carbon steel tanks designed to API 650. The closed-cup flash point of 4.4 °C (ASTM D56), normal boiling point of 110.6 °C, vapor pressure of 3.8 kPa at 25 °C, and density of 0.866...
Commercially produced toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon recovered from catalytic reformate, steam-cracker pyrolysis gasoline, or coal-derived light oil. The substance is identified by CAS Registry Number 108-88-3, has a molecular weight of 92.14 g/mol, and exhibits a density of approximately 0.867 g/cm³ at 20 °C. Under the Harmonized System, isolated...
Toluene (CAS 108-88-3, C₇H₈, relative molecular mass 92.14 g/mol) is imported into western and eastern Indian ports as a Class 3, Packing Group II flammable liquid under UN 1294, with customs classification HS 2902 30 00 under the Indian Customs Tariff. Bulk parcels are discharged at Nhava Sheva/JNPT for Mumbai...
Within the trading lane described as Toluene Import into Vietnam & Indonesia — RCEP Tariff Advantage, a consignment is assessed simultaneously as a bulk aromatic liquid and as a preferential-origin chemical. Toluene is classified under HS 2902.30 and carries CAS 108-88-3. The primary imported grade is nitration-grade toluene, with a...
Importing toluene into Turkey requires simultaneous attention to the European Union REACH regulation for transboundary shipments and the Turkish KKDIK regulation published in Official Gazette No. 30105 on 23 June 2017. Toluene, CAS 108-88-3, EC number 203-625-9, is a high-volume aromatic hydrocarbon normally declared under Harmonised System code 2902.30.00.00. A...
Toluene (CAS 108-88-3; HS 2902.30; UN 1294) moves into Middle East import terminals at Jubail, Jeddah, Jebel Ali, Hamriyah, Alexandria, and El Dekheila as a nitration-grade or industrial-grade aromatic solvent. The commercial movement of toluene import into Middle East — Saudi / UAE / Egypt is governed by closed-cup flash...
The global supply chain for Toluene Import into Brazil / Mexico / Argentina is governed by three separate customs and chemical control regimes. The product is typically supplied as nitration-grade toluene with a minimum assay of 99.5% by mass under ASTM D841-21. The physical profile includes a boiling point of...
Toluene (108-88-3, C7H8, molecular weight 92.14 g/mol) enters U.S. commerce as a bulk aromatic hydrocarbon recovered from catalytic reformer extraction, pyrolysis gasoline hydrotreating, and coke oven light oil distillation. Imported material is frequently specified under ASTM D841 for nitration-grade applications or under tighter producer-specific grades for toluene diisocyanate precursor use....
The Toluene Korea / Taiwan / Japan — Northeast Asia Supply Picture is determined less by crude slate than by the configuration of continuous catalytic reformer capacity, extraction technology, and the toluene-to-benzene/xylene interface in each economy. The three supply systems share a common C7 aromatic chemistry but diverge in trade...
Imports of toluene into African ports are executed under HS 2902.30, with cargoes moving by bulk chemical tankers, ISO tank containers, and steel drums. Toluene (CAS 108-88-3) is cleared at Alexandria, Durban, Apapa, Tin Can Island, and Port Harcourt after laboratory verification of density, distillation range, benzene content, sulfur level,...
China’s toluene export stream is principally handled through Qingdao and Shanghai, the two gateways that account for a material share of aromatic solvent cargoes moving from Shandong and East China. Toluene China Export — Top Ports & Logistics (Qingdao / Shanghai) is defined not only by berth availability but by...
Toluene vs Xylene — Solvent Properties & Cost Comparison is encountered in aromatics procurement when a formulation requires an active aromatic solvent with controlled evaporation, predictable resin compatibility, and defined flammability classification. Toluene (CAS 108-88-3, C7H8, molecular weight 92.14 g/mol) is supplied as nitration-grade material under ASTM D841, with a...
Toluene vs benzene in industrial use and toxicology is defined by a single methyl substituent. Toluene (methylbenzene, CAS 108-88-3) and benzene (CAS 71-43-2) are single-ring aromatic hydrocarbons separated by one methyl group, but their industrial selection and toxicological control diverge sharply. Toluene has a molecular weight of 92.14 g/mol, a...
Toluene vs Acetone — Solvent Comparison for Resin & Coating Solvent substitution in resin and coating systems is governed by boiling range, vapor pressure, Hansen solubility parameter distance, and regulatory status. Toluene (CAS 108-88-3) and acetone (CAS 67-64-1) are frequently compared in high-solids and low-solids coating reformulation programs, but they...
Toluene, CAS 108-88-3, functions as a high-volume aromatic hydrocarbon solvent in alkyd and polyurethane coatings, rubber-based adhesives, chemical extraction and precision cleaning. The product profile is defined by a normal boiling point of 110.6 °C, a closed-cup flash point of 4 °C, and Hansen solubility parameters δD 18.0 MPa1/2, δP...
In solvent-borne coating lines where the drying oven air velocity and the solvent blend evaporation profile interact with film formation, the coating solvent decision between toluene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is resolved through flash point, vapour pressure, Hansen solubility parameters, and retained-solvent tolerance rather than solvency strength alone. Toluene...
Toluene vs White Spirit — Industrial Degreasing Decision Selecting between toluene and white spirit for production-scale degreasing is governed by four measurable parameters: Kauri-butanol solvency under ASTM D1133, closed-cup flash point under ASTM D93, atmospheric boiling range under ASTM D86 or ISO 3405, and worker exposure limits under 29 CFR...
Toluene vs Ethyl Acetate — Printing Ink Solvent Decision Toluene (CAS 108-88-3) remains the principal solvent in solventborne publication gravure inks, while ethyl acetate (CAS 141-78-6) is the dominant ester solvent in flexible packaging flexography and lamination-grade rotogravure systems. The printing ink solvent decision between the two is governed not...
Toluene enters industrial wastewater from catalytic reformers, styrene and phenol production, coke oven byproduct recovery, paint-stripping operations, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and solvent transfer washdowns. The compound has an aqueous solubility of approximately 515–526 mg/L at 20–25 °C, a dimensionless Henry’s law constant near 0.27, and a vapour pressure of roughly 28...
Toluene vapor recovery — VOC abatement & carbon adsorption on activated carbon remains the default control technology for storage tank vents, railcar and truck loading, gravure printing dryers, adhesive coating lines, and pharmaceutical extraction exhausts when inlet concentrations exceed the economic threshold for simple condensation or thermal oxidation. Toluene has...
Spent toluene from coating, adhesive, and extraction processes typically leaves the production line at 60–85 °C and carries enough residual enthalpy to justify closed-loop heat exchange before storage or recovery. In a 5,000-L jacketed receiver, the solvent is transferred under a nitrogen pad because the closed-cup flash point is 4...
Toluene Closed-Loop Manufacturing — Circular Economy Story Within integrated aromatics complexes, the circular economy story for toluene is rooted in separation, not disposal. Catalytic reformate and pyrolysis gasoline streams are processed through extractive distillation or liquid-liquid extraction using sulfolane or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The extractive solvent is regenerated in a solvent recovery...
Toluene entering the 2026–2030 planning window occupies two distinct industrial positions: a chemical precursor for dinitrotoluene (DNT) and subsequently toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and a high-octane aromatic blendstock in finished motor gasoline. The Toluene Market Forecast 2026-2030 — TDI & Gasoline Demand Outlook is conditioned by nitration-grade supply tightness in Asia-Pacific,...
Toluene: Health and Safety Profile Toluene (CAS 108-88-3; molecular formula C7H8; molecular weight 92.14 g/mol) is a high-volume aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and chemical intermediate recovered from catalytic reforming and steam cracking streams. Industrial specifications include nitration-grade material under ASTM D841 and toluene diisocyanate-grade material with controlled benzene and paraffin concentrations....
Toluene, CAS 108-88-3, with a normal boiling point of 110.6°C and density of 0.867 g/cm³ at 20°C, is used as a nitration feedstock, solvent, and gasoline blending component. The derivative chain to toluene diisocyanate is central to aromatic polyurethane chemistry: mixed-acid nitration produces dinitrotoluene, hydrogenation yields toluene diamine, and phosgenation...
