Technical grade hydrochloric acid (HCl 31%–37%) is specified for steel pickling and synthesis duties where controlled impurity levels, predictable acid activity, and cost per kilogram of available HCl are more important than the sub-mg/kg metal limits of reagent or food-grade material. The as-delivered liquid is a fuming, colorless to pale-yellow...
Hydrochloric Acid Grades Explained: Technical, High-Purity, Food E507, Pharma and Electronic Commercial hydrochloric acid is not a single chemical specification; it is a family of aqueous hydrogen chloride solutions in which total acidity, trace anion profile, metal burden, and regulatory status are controlled independently for the intended unit operation. Hydrogen...
Across bulk chemical logistics, the specification question 31% vs 32% vs 37% HCl: Why Concentration Changes Price, Packaging and UN Number is most accurately resolved by separating transport classification from package engineering and freight economics. All three solutions are classified under UN 1789, Class 8, PG II because each contains...
GB/T 320 Explained: The Chinese HCl Standard Buyers Keep Getting Wrong Procurement specifications for hydrochloric acid routinely conflate GB/T 320-2006 with commodity technical-grade acid, reagent-grade acid, or food additive GB 1897-2008 material. The conflation produces two failure modes: a high-purity product quoted into carbon-steel pickling where chloride and iron limits...
A hydrochloric acid specification sheet—what to put in a purchase spec—must define the grade, analytical release methods, impurity ceilings, packaging constraints, and certificate-of-analysis requirements. The specification should treat concentration as percent by mass HCl, not as a volumetric percentage, because aqueous hydrochloric acid is traded on a weight basis and...
Hydrochloric Acid: Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride vs Aqueous HCl: Two Products, Two Compliance Chains Hydrochloric acid is not a single article of commerce. The term covers two distinct industrial materials with the same CAS number but different physical states, hazard classifications, and downstream compliance obligations: anhydrous hydrogen chloride and aqueous hydrogen...
Hydrochloric acid (CAS 7647-01-0, molecular weight 36.46 g/mol) supplied for water treatment is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride. High-purity material conforming to HG/T 2778 is normally delivered at 36–38 wt% HCl, whereas technical-grade acid for neutralization or steel pickling may be supplied at 31–35 wt% with broader impurity tolerances....
Reagent-Grade vs Technical HCl: When the Extra Purity Actually Pays Off Hydrochloric acid is supplied as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride at commercial concentrations from 28 wt% to 38 wt%. Technical grades, frequently called muriatic acid, are produced from synthesis furnaces or from chlorination by-product streams and are cleared...
Food Grade HCl E507: The FCC V COA Checklist Every QA Manager Needs begins with the monograph edition and the basis of the reported concentration. Aqueous hydrogen chloride for food use is identified as CAS 7647-01-0, EINECS 231-595-7, and molecular weight 36.46 g/mol. In the European Union, the substance is...
How to Tell Fake Food-Grade HCl from Real: Five Checks Before You Pay Hydrochloric acid intended for food-additive use is defined by the E507 designation in Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 and by the Food Chemicals Codex monograph for hydrochloric acid. The substance is also identified by CAS 7647-01-0 and, for...
In food-grade applications, hydrochloric acid is specified as E507 under EC 1333/2008 and is listed under 21 CFR 182.1057 as a general-purpose GRAS acidifier, neutralizer, and pH control agent. The aqueous product is purchased as 35.0% to 38.0% w/w HCl with a density of approximately 1.18 g/cm³ at 20 °C....
Hydrochloric acid released as pharmaceutical grade is not defined by a single global specification. The phrase “Pharmaceutical Grade HCl: USP, EP and China Pharmacopoeia Compared” describes a regulatory comparison rather than a single trade designation. USP Hydrochloric Acid, EP Hydrochloric acid, concentrated, and ChP Hydrochloric Acid define separate but overlapping...
Hydrochloric Acid: Import Compliance Under GB 1886.9-2016 Hydrochloric acid imported into the People’s Republic of China for use as a food additive or food processing aid is controlled by the National Food Safety Standard for food additive hydrochloric acid. For importers, the operational compliance document is GB 1886.9-2016: China Food...
Food-Grade HCl Audit Pack: What FSSC 22000 and BRC Auditors Ask For Hydrochloric acid (CAS 7647-01-0) used in food processing is not a commodity chemical. It is a specification-controlled acidulant, cation-exchange regenerant, and pH modifier whose audit exposure sits at the intersection of food additive monograph compliance, prerequisite programmes, and...
Hydrochloric acid (HCl, CAS 7647-01-0, EC 231-595-7) is manufactured as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas and is supplied in grades ranging from technical acid to reagent and food-monograph material. Commercial concentrations of 31.45 wt%, 35.21 wt%, and 37.14 wt% correspond to 20° Baumé, 22° Baumé, and 23° Baumé...
Hydrochloric acid (CAS 7647-01-0, UN 1789, HS 2806.10 for aqueous solution) is supplied as a water-clear or slightly yellow fuming liquid, produced either as anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water or as a by-product of chlorination and fluorination processes. Commercial North American grades are commonly specified as 20° Baumé...
Hydrochloric acid (HCl, CAS 7647-01-0, EC 231-595-7) is handled commercially as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, with bulk concentrations predominantly between 28 wt% and 37 wt%. A 32 wt% solution has a density near 1.159 kg/L at 20 °C and a fuming tendency that increases measurably above 25 °C....
Hydrochloric acid, identified by CAS 7647-01-0 and EC 231-595-7, enters the European Economic Area under the harmonised CLP entry for hydrogen chloride, Index 017-002-00-2. The REACH and CLP Obligations for HCl: What Exporters to Europe Must Do are concentrated in registration, only representative appointment, hazard communication, classification notification, and poison...
Hydrochloric acid, CAS 7647-01-0, UN 1789, is supplied as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas. The dominant merchant form is 20° Baumé muriatic acid at approximately 31.45% w/w HCl, with a density near 1.16 g/cm³ at 20°C. The acid is a strong monoprotic electrolyte with a pKa commonly cited...
Aqueous hydrogen chloride is traded as hydrochloric acid under CAS 7647-01-0 and EC 231-595-7. The standard commercial grade is 37 wt%, with a density of 1.18–1.19 g/cm³ at 20°C, and the product carries harmonised CLP classification Skin Corr. 1B H314 and STOT SE 3 H335. The specific concentration limit for...
HCl Packing Groups and UN 1789: Why Concentration Decides Your Label Hydrochloric acid (aqueous hydrogen chloride; CAS 7647-01-0; EINECS 231-595-7) is carried as UN 1789, Class 8, with the proper shipping name “Hydrochloric acid, solution.” The regulatory logic behind HCl Packing Groups and UN 1789: Why Concentration Decides Your Label...
Aqueous hydrogen chloride, transported and stored as hydrochloric acid, is a strong mineral acid with a normal industrial concentration between 28 wt% and 38 wt% hydrogen chloride. The present analysis concentrates on 20° Bé material at approximately 31.45 wt% HCl, with a density of approximately 1.16 g/cm3 at 20°C. Commercial...
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is commercially transported as an aqueous solution containing 28 wt% to 36 wt% hydrogen chloride, with density at 20 °C ranging from 1.139 kg/L at 28 wt% to 1.179 kg/L at 36 wt%. Under UN 1789, concentrated grades are Class 8 corrosive liquids assigned to Packing Group...
Materials for HCl Tanks and Piping: The No-Metal Rule Explained Hydrochloric acid is stored and transferred at commercial concentrations from dilute pH-control streams to 20°Bé, 22°Bé, and 37% solution for bulk chemical processing. The term “no-metal rule” in hydrochloric acid tank and piping systems refers to the prohibition of unlined...
Hydrochloric acid is handled industrially as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas, with commercial grades concentrated to 28–37% w/w. Above roughly 30% w/w, the solution exerts sufficient hydrogen chloride vapour pressure to produce visible fuming at ambient temperature. The liquid is non-flammable but aggressively corrosive to carbon steel, portland...
Hydrochloric acid (CAS 7647-01-0; hydrogen chloride in aqueous solution) moves through global supply chains as a corrosive liquid governed by UN 1789, Class 8, Packing Group II or III depending on hydrogen chloride mass fraction. Typical applications include steel pickling, cation-exchange resin regeneration, industrial pH reduction and deep-well acidizing. Dangerous...
Hydrochloric acid, CAS 7647-01-0, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas with a molecular weight of 36.46 g mol−1. Commercial steel-pickling and ion-exchange regeneration grades are supplied at concentrations between 28 wt% and 37 wt%, with fuming grades approaching 38 wt%. At 101.3 kPa the HCl–water azeotrope occurs near...
Storing HCl: venting, temperature and the hydrogen gas risk form a single safety envelope for fixed-roof tanks, day tanks, and transfer piping. Hydrochloric acid storage cannot be treated as a simple chemical compatibility exercise because the liquid itself is nonflammable, yet its reaction with structural metals generates hydrogen. Simultaneously, the...
HCl for Steel Pickling: Bath Parameters, Inhibitors and Why It Beat Sulfuric On continuous push-pickling lines processing low-carbon hot-rolled strip, hydrochloric acid is circulated through rubber-lined or brick-lined concrete tanks at flow rates that maintain strip travel between 0.5 m/s and 1.5 m/s. The acid dissolves mill scale composed primarily...
Hydrochloric acid is the primary reactive fluid for carbonate matrix acidizing and fracture acidizing because the reaction products—calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide—are water-soluble and leave no insoluble residue in the formation. A 15 wt% HCl solution dissolves approximately 1.84 lb of limestone per gallon at 60°F; a...
Hydrochloric acid functions as the hydrogen-form regenerant for strong acid cation exchange resins in demineralization trains. Exhaustion places calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium ions onto sulfonic acid functional groups; regeneration with dilute HCl reverses the exchange because the chloride salts of hardness cations remain highly soluble across the pH range...
Making calcium chloride, ferric chloride and PAC: HCl as the chloride source requires a tightly specified acid feedstock because the chloride ion constitutes the functional anion in each of these inorganic salts and coagulants. Technical-grade hydrochloric acid is most often received at 31.45% or 35.0% w/w HCl and is specified...
Electronic-grade HCl marketed as SEMI G5 links impurity control and China localisation in a single front-end chemical supply-chain problem. The product is aqueous hydrogen chloride at 36.5–37.0 wt%, and its qualification is determined by trace species that survive gas purification, absorption, storage, and packaging. The atmospheric HCl–water azeotrope at approximately...
Why Solar Demand for Electronic-Grade HCl Fell: The 2024-2026 Correction Electronic-grade hydrochloric acid (HCl) used in photovoltaic wet processing entered a demand correction in 2024, with the adjustment projected to persist through 2026. The acid is consumed in acid texturing of multicrystalline silicon wafers, post-etch neutralization on monocrystalline lines, quartzware...
Hydrochloric Acid for Masonry, Boiler and Heat-Exchanger Descaling: Dilution and Safety Commercial hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride with a concentration commonly specified as 20°Baumé, equivalent to approximately 31.45 wt% HCl and a typical density near 1.16 g/cm³ at 20 °C. Reagent-grade material is supplied at 36.5...
Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, CAS 7647-01-0, with a solute molar mass of 36.46 g mol⁻¹. Commercial product grades range from dilute muriatic acid to 36.5–38.0 wt% HCl for reagent and food use. The HCl azeotrope: why you cannot concentrate dilute acid by simple distillation is...
By-Product vs Synthetic HCl: Reading the Impurity Profile Behind the Price In bulk hydrochloric acid procurement, the main assay is frequently expressed as 31–37% HCl or 20–22° Baumé. The concentration alone does not separate a direct-synthesis product from an acid stream recovered from vinyl chloride monomer production, toluene diisocyanate phosgenation,...
The merchant hydrochloric acid market operates as a derivative of chlor-alkali stoichiometry, not as a standalone acid business. The chlor-alkali linkage: why HCl supply follows caustic soda, not HCl demand, is visible in every production route and inventory cycle. Hydrochloric acid is produced either by direct synthesis from chlorine and...
Hydrochloric acid is supplied as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas, identified by CAS 7647-01-0 and transported under UN 1789. Commercial liquid grades extend from regenerated pickling acid at 18% to 20% HCl by mass to 20° Baumé muriatic acid at 31.45% HCl and 22° Baumé material at 35.21%...
Corrosion Inhibitors for HCl: Choosing the Right Additive for Your Bath The selection of corrosion inhibitors for HCl baths is governed by the competing requirements of oxide dissolution and base-metal protection. Hydrochloric acid at 5–20 wt% and bath temperatures between 25°C and 85°C attacks carbon steel at rates that can...
Why HCl Is Not the Right Pickling Acid for Stainless Steel Hydrochloric acid in its commercial aqueous form, typically 28–37 wt% HCl with CAS 7647-01-0, is a strong reducing acid used for carbon steel pickling at 60–90°C because it rapidly dissolves mill scale by acid attack on iron oxides. For...
The technical comparison for hydrochloric acid in steel pickling addresses HCl vs Sulfuric Acid for Pickling: Cost, Speed, Waste and Embrittlement. Hydrochloric acid is supplied as 28–37 wt% aqueous HCl (CAS 7647-01-0) and diluted in continuous push-pickler or coil lines to 5–20 wt% HCl at 18–35 °C. Sulfuric acid is...
HCl vs Citric and Phosphoric Acid for Descaling: When Mild Acids Win Industrial descaling selection is frequently reduced to HCl vs citric and phosphoric acid for descaling: when mild acids win is determined by scale composition, base-metal chloride tolerance, rinse-water quality limits, and post-clean passivation. Hydrochloric acid is a strong...
Because the expression “Muriatic Acid vs Hydrochloric Acid: Same Chemical, Different Market” persists in specification discussions, the first distinction to establish is that both designations refer to aqueous hydrogen chloride, HCl, assigned CAS 7647-01-0 and transport designation UN 1789. The molecular identity does not change between a masonry-cleaning jug and...
Electronic-grade hydrochloric acid (HCl) is supplied as a 36–38 wt% aqueous hydrogen chloride solution for RCA SC-2 cleans, silicon dioxide etches, and ion-exchange regeneration in semiconductor front-end and back-end processes. The selection logic for domestic vs imported electronic-grade HCl: qualification and cost is not reducible to a single lot price;...
The phrase Global HCl Market 2026: Why Two Reputable Sources Differ by 14x identifies a reporting boundary conflict rather than an analytical contradiction. Hydrochloric acid is aqueous hydrogen chloride; commercial supply contracts commonly specify 20°Bé material containing 31.45 wt% HCl, with density 1.159 kg/L at 20 °C. The HCl-water system...
Hydrochloric acid (HCl, CAS 7647-01-0, EC 231-595-7) is traded as an aqueous solution of 30–37 wt% hydrogen chloride, with customs heading HS 2806.10.00 covering hydrogen chloride in aqueous solution. China HCl Trade Position: Massive Capacity, Low-Value Exports describes a structural condition in which domestic hydrochloric acid production is coupled to...
Hydrochloric acid (CAS 7647-01-0) is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride manufactured and distributed as technical, reagent, food, and pharmaceutical grades. Commercial concentrated material is commonly supplied at 20° Baumé (31.45 wt% HCl) and 22° Baumé (35.21 wt% HCl), with densities of approximately 1.16 g/cm³ and 1.18 g/cm³ at 20...
Aqueous hydrogen chloride is commercially supplied as 20°Bé (31.45 wt%) or 22°Bé (35.21 wt%) solution, with fuming grades approaching 37 wt%. The denser 22°Bé product has a specific gravity near 1.179 at 15.6 °C. Atmospheric distillation cannot concentrate this system beyond the water–HCl azeotrope at approximately 20.2 wt% HCl and...
Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas with CAS 7647-01-0, EC 231-595-7 and transport designation UN 1789. The molecular weight of HCl is 36.46 g/mol; commercial shipments in Europe are typically 30–36 % by weight HCl with a density at 20 °C between 1.149 and 1.179 g/cm³....
Hydrochloric Acid Supplier in China: How to Verify a Real Producer Hydrochloric acid, CAS 7647-01-0, is marketed as clear yellow-to-colorless aqueous solutions of 31–36 wt% HCl, with lower grades prepared by controlled dilution. The purchasing question of a hydrochloric acid supplier in China: how to verify a real producer is...
How to Screen an HCl Supplier: Licences, Grades and Traceability Hydrochloric acid is procured as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas. The substance is identified by CAS 7647-01-0, EC 231-595-7, UN 1789, hazard class 8, packing group II. The screen for an HCl supplier therefore rests on licences, grades...
Industrial hydrochloric acid is supplied as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, with commercial concentration grades commonly specified as 20° Baumé (31.45 wt% HCl), 22° Baumé (35.21 wt% HCl), and 23° Baumé (37.00 wt% HCl). The product is identified under CAS 7647-01-0, UN 1789, and Transport Hazard Class 8. At...
Commercial hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride. It is ordered as technical acid, food-grade acid, or high-purity acid, and the supplier’s FOB price is only one component of the delivered cost. Two quotations cannot be evaluated until they are normalized to the same concentration basis, the same...
Hydrochloric acid is marketed as an aqueous hydrogen chloride solution with a commercial concentration commonly between 31 wt% and 36 wt%, corresponding to a density near 1.18 g/mL at 20 °C. The material is classified for transport as UN 1789, Class 8, and commercial grades above approximately 10 wt% hydrogen...
Buying HCl in Bulk: What to Verify Before You Pay the Deposit Bulk hydrochloric acid procurement exposes the buyer to a concentration-sensitive deposit risk long before the first gallon enters the storage tank. The product is supplied predominantly as 20°Bé or 22°Bé material, equivalent to approximately 31.45% and 35.21% HCl...
Hydrochloric Acid Price per Ton 2026: China FOB, US FOB and Europe Compared Hydrochloric acid is traded as an aqueous solution with a nominal concentration of 31–33 wt% for most industrial export transactions. The anhydrous product has a molecular mass of 36.46 g/mol, CAS 7647-01-0, EC 231-595-7, and is shipped...
Why HCl Price Sources Disagree: 22 vs 27 vs 90 vs 180 USD per Ton Hydrochloric acid pricing feeds sometimes show simultaneous values of 22 USD per metric ton, 27 USD per metric ton, 90 USD per metric ton, and 180 USD per metric ton without a visible contradiction in...
Hydrochloric acid, CAS 7647-01-0, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride whose domestic Chinese price is determined by source chemistry, trace-impurity profile, and certification status rather than by the HCl molecule alone. Plant-gate spot assessments for Chinese material have moved across a range from approximately 20 CNY/t for surplus by-product...
Hydrochloric Acid Production Cost: The Three Routes Side by Side Hydrochloric acid production cost: the three routes side by side cannot be assessed on as-is solution tonnes. A 22°Bé merchant grade contains 35.2–36.0 wt% HCl, while byproduct acid from chlorination or phosgenation is often absorbed at 31.5–33.0 wt% HCl. A...
Merchant hydrochloric acid enters H2 2026 with price formation tied to chlor-alkali operating rates and caustic soda margins rather than to isolated HCl demand. Hydrochloric acid, CAS 7647-01-0, is produced by direct synthesis from chlorine and hydrogen, as a co-product from vinyl chloride monomer and isocyanate chlorination chains, and by...
Hydrochloric acid, CAS 7647-01-0, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride with a molecular weight of 36.46 g/mol. The commercial product is most commonly supplied at 20° Baumé (31.45 wt% HCl) and 22° Baumé (35.21 wt% HCl), while fuming reagent grades reach 36.5–38.0 wt%. The solution is a strong mineral...
Hydrochloric acid, an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl, CAS 7647-01-0), is supplied at industrial concentrations between 28% and 38% by weight for metal treatment, chemical synthesis, ion-exchange regeneration, and pH adjustment. Commercial grades include inhibited acid for steel pickling, food-grade material for pH control, and reagent-grade product for laboratory...
Hydrochloric acid (CAS 7647-01-0), supplied as aqueous hydrogen chloride, is a volatile acid gas source at fixed-roof storage tank vents, transfer racks, pickling lines, and regeneration plants. Commercial solutions at 31–37 wt% HCl generate vapor-phase HCl concentrations that can range from 10 ppmv during quiescent storage to 500 ppmv or...
Commercial hydrochloric acid is supplied as an aqueous hydrogen chloride solution, CAS 7647-01-0, with common plant inventory concentrations between 28 wt% and 37 wt%. The 37 wt% material has a density of approximately 1.19 g/cm³ at 20 °C, and the HCl–water azeotrope is near 20.2 wt% HCl with an atmospheric...
Published consolidated capacity data for 2026 are not yet available from a single Chinese statistical authority; the following review of Top Hydrochloric Acid Manufacturers in China 2026: Capacity, Route and Export Status is assembled from 2024–2025 environmental disclosures, chlor-alkali upstream operating reports, and customs records. Hydrochloric acid in China is...
Synthetic vs By-Product HCl: Which Manufacturer You Are Actually Buying From Commercially available hydrochloric acid may originate from a dedicated hydrogen chloride synthesis furnace or from recovery units attached to organic chlorination, fluorination, or phosgenation processes. A purchase order may specify 35–37 wt% HCl, density, iron, sulfate, and free chlorine,...
“How to Tell an HCl Manufacturer from a Trading Company” is a supplier qualification exercise that separates process ownership from document resale. Hydrochloric acid, aqueous HCl, is routinely supplied in concentrations from 28 wt% to 37 wt%, with the highest commercial concentrations near 37.2 wt% because of the water–HCl positive...
Hydrochloric acid is a water-miscible inorganic acid identified by CAS 7647-01-0 and shipped under UN 1789 as a Class 8 corrosive liquid. In Chinese production clusters, the material is obtained either by direct synthesis from chlorine and hydrogen or as a byproduct of chlorination and isocyanate processes. A technical assessment...
Hydrochloric Acid Production Capacity in China: Chlor-Alkali, EDC and Recovery Plants is best evaluated as a system of molar chlorine carriers rather than a single installed vessel count. Published industry surveys place Chinese chlor-alkali caustic soda capacity at 40–47 million tonnes per year, which establishes a corresponding chlorine and hydrogen...
Hydrochloric Acid: HCl OEM and Private Label—Custom Concentration for Distributors Hydrochloric acid (CAS 7647-01-0; UN 1789) is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas with a common commercial concentration range of 28.0–38.0 wt% HCl. Distributor supply chains handle 20°Bé technical acid at 31.45 wt%, 22°Bé technical acid at 35.21 wt%,...
Hydrochloric Acid Manufacturers by Route: Synthesis, By-Product and Recovery Compared Hydrochloric acid, CAS 7647-01-0, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride produced through three commercially relevant routes: direct synthesis from elemental chlorine and hydrogen, by-product hydrogen chloride from phosgenation or chlorinated intermediate processes, and recovery from spent pickle liquor or...
Hydrochloric acid factory audits performed before contract signature are organized around 15 control points that combine process capability, vessel integrity, analytical traceability, emission control, and transport compatibility. The checklist below is not a substitute for a full ISO 9001:2015 system audit; it isolates the failure modes frequently encountered during bulk...
Hydrochloric acid (HCl, CAS 7647-01-0, UN 1789) is transported as aqueous hydrogen chloride with industrial concentrations of 28–37 wt%, corresponding to densities of approximately 1.14–1.19 g/cm³ at 20 °C. Fuming grades above 37 wt% and anhydrous hydrogen chloride under UN 1050 create separate classification and packaging liabilities. The distinction between...
Industrial hydrochloric acid in China is not a single-product commodity. It is produced as synthetic acid from chlor-alkali chlorine/hydrogen combustion and as byproduct acid from chlorination, fluorination, and organic intermediate plants. The geographic distribution of HCl factories therefore follows chlor-alkali clusters by province. The question Where Are HCl Factories in...
Hydrochloric acid (CAS 7647-01-0, UN 1789) is supplied as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride at commercial strengths typically specified as 20° Baumé (31.45% HCl by mass) or 22° Baumé (35.21% HCl by mass). The product is corrosive and begins to fume at concentrations above the atmospheric azeotrope of approximately...
Hydrochloric acid (CAS 7647-01-0) is traded as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, with merchant concentrations most commonly held at 31.45 wt%, 35.21 wt%, or 36.5 wt%. The hydrochloric acid–water system forms a maximum-boiling azeotrope at 20.2 wt% HCl at atmospheric pressure, which means that open distillation cannot produce acid...
The shipment of hydrochloric acid samples from a bulk terminal, plating line, or supplier audit is governed by UN1789, Class 8, but the actual constraints shift with acid concentration, inner packaging volume, mode, and carrier tariff. The operational question in this context is not simply whether hydrochloric acid is hazardous;...
Hydrogen Chloride Absorption and Specification Boundaries for Bulk Aqueous Grades Aqueous hydrochloric acid is supplied as a fuming to slightly fuming liquid with total acidity specified by ASTM E224-16 and density typically expressed as 20° Baumé or 22° Baumé. The material corresponds to CAS registration 7647-01-0 and UN transport designation...
Hydrochloric acid procurement planning is inseparable from chlor-alkali operating economics. Supply security for HCl buyers: chlor-alkali volatility and how to hedge it requires a working distinction between by-product acid streams, synthetic burner acid, and the demand signals that allocate chlorine between caustic soda, chlorine derivatives, and hydrogen chloride. Commercial aqueous...
Hydrochloric acid (aqueous hydrogen chloride, CAS 7647-01-0, EC 231-595-7, CN code 2806 10 00) is supplied as a 30–37% m/m solution with a density of 1.14–1.19 g/cm³ at 20°C. The HCl–water binary system forms a maximum-boiling azeotrope at approximately 20.2% HCl by mass under 101.325 kPa, with a boiling point...
Export Licence Support for HCl: What We Prepare and What You Still Need to Do Hydrochloric acid is exported as an aqueous hydrogen chloride solution with commercial concentrations generally held between 30 wt% and 36 wt%. The atmospheric boiling point of the azeotropic mixture is approximately 108.6 °C at a...
The HCl Landed Cost Calculator: Freight, Duty, Packaging and Financing must resolve a common procurement error: comparing hydrochloric acid quotations on an ex-works solution price without reconciling transport, customs, packaging, and working capital to a single delivered cost basis. Commercial hydrochloric acid is normally supplied as 20° Baumé or 22°...
Hydrochloric acid supplied for drinking-water treatment is normally a 20° Baumé aqueous solution, equivalent to approximately 31.45% HCl by mass, with a specific gravity near 1.160 at 15.6°C and a crystallization point below −45°C. The product is a strong mineral acid used for pH suppression, alkalinity reduction, cation-exchange resin regeneration,...
As a saturated aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, hydrochloric acid (HCl; CAS 7647-01-0) is supplied as a reducing mineral acid for steel pickling, well stimulation, boiler cleaning, ion-exchange regeneration, and food-processing pH control. Commercial concentrations are specified by weight percent or degrees Baumé. The 20° Bé material contains approximately 31.45...
Hydrochloric acid, CAS 7647-01-0, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride with molar mass 36.46 g/mol. It is produced by direct synthesis from chlorine and hydrogen, by the reaction of sodium chloride with sulfuric acid, or as a by-product from chlorination and fluorination processes. The commercial product is commonly supplied...
Documentation Pack for HCl Buyers: COA, SDS, COO and Precursor Papers Explained Hydrochloric acid, registered under CAS 7647-01-0 and EINECS 231-595-7, is traded as an aqueous solution at concentrations commonly specified in the 31.0–36.5 wt% range and as anhydrous hydrogen chloride under UN 1050. The aqueous product travels under UN...
Hydrochloric acid recovered as a by-product from chlorination, fluorination, or isocyanate production is not a single-component acid; it carries a dynamic impurity load in which dissolved molecular chlorine and iron are the most operationally significant. Inside the HCl plant, control of free chlorine and iron in by-product acid begins at...
Commercial bulk procurement of hydrochloric acid is governed by the three elements in Annual HCl Supply Agreements: Volume, Price Formula and Indexation. Commercial aqueous hydrochloric acid is generally supplied at 28–37% by weight hydrogen chloride, with high-volume industrial grades typically falling between 31% and 36%. The product is identified by...
Commercial hydrochloric acid procurement is governed by hydrogen chloride concentration, density, and the trace impurity profile that determines eligibility for food, pharmaceutical, steel, oilfield, or semiconductor use. The conventional concentration units are weight percent HCl and degrees Baumé (°Bé); a 20° Baumé acid corresponds to approximately 31.45 wt% HCl and...
Hydrochloric acid is handled as a corrosive liquid with acute fuming potential at commercial concentrations above 20 wt% hydrogen chloride. Bulk exports are classified under UN 1789, Class 8, Packing Group II; the aqueous product is shipped as 18°Bé, 20°Bé, or 22°Bé material, depending on downstream consumption rate and storage...
Technical Support for HCl Buyers: What Happens After the Container Arrives begins at the receiving pad, where the delivered vessel is not a closed commercial parcel but a chemically live system introduced into the site’s containment envelope. Aqueous hydrogen chloride, CAS 7647-01-0, UN 1789, Class 8, Packing Group II, is...
