| HS Code | 336581 |
| Product Name | Textile Dye Runtu Group |
| Category | reactive dye |
| Physical Form | powder |
| Solubility | water soluble |
| Application Scope | cellulosic fibers |
| Dyeing Method | exhaust dyeing |
| Color Range | multiple shades including red, yellow, and blue |
| Light Fastness | 4-5 |
| Wash Fastness | 4-5 |
| Ph Stability | 4-10 |
| Fixation Temperature | 60-80°C |
| Storage Condition | cool and dry |
As an accredited Textile Dye Runtu Group factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Runtu Group textile dye is packaged in sturdy, sealed 25 kg woven bags with moisture-proof lining for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loaded with Runtu Group textile dye, cargo secured and packed for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Textile dyes from Runtu Group ship as non-hazardous or regulated chemical cargo depending on formulation. Shipments use sealed drums or bags, with proper labeling and SDS documentation. Transport via truck, rail, or sea freight, ensuring dry, ventilated conditions to prevent contamination and moisture damage. |
| Storage | Store Textile Dye Runtu Group in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Store separately from oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis, and foodstuffs. Maintain stable temperature, avoid excessive stacking, and ensure proper labeling. Follow local regulations and manufacturer safety instructions. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2–3 years when stored in a cool, dry, sealed container away from direct sunlight. |
In high-temperature exhaust processing of polyester warp-knit and circular-knit constructions, the selected disperse dye range from Runtu Group is evaluated against dispersion stability, exhaustion rate, and post-thermofixation fastness rather than aqueous solubility alone. On 400–800 kg jet dyeing machines operating at 1:8–1:12 liquor ratio, bath pH is held at 4.5–5.0 with acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer. Disperse dye addition for medium-to-heavy shades falls between 0.5% owf and 2.0% owf; heavy automotive shades are limited to 2.5% owf only after laboratory verification of wet crocking and light fastness. The dye cycle is started at 50–60°C, raised at 1.5–2.0°C/min to 130–135°C, and held for 30–45 min depending on fabric density and tube diameter. High-energy disperse dyes require the full 130–135°C hold for adequate exhaustion into high-tenacity polyester filaments, while low-energy types can be removed from the bath below 120°C but require migration control to prevent skittery dyeing on filament surfaces. After dyeing, reduction clearing is performed with 1.0 g/L sodium hydrosulfite and 1.0 g/L soda ash at 80°C for 20 min to remove surface-adsorbed dye and oligomer-associated staining. Production experience on high-temperature jets shows that fabric circulation time above 3 min in bulky fleece constructions creates shade variability because the dye bath temperature differential between rope core and surface exceeds 2°C. Polyester oligomer deposits accumulate on heat exchanger plates and pump impellers after repeated deep-shade batches; pressure loss across the heat exchanger becomes measurable after 10–15 cycles, requiring caustic reduction cleaning with 2.0 g/L sodium hydroxide and 3.0 g/L sodium hydrosulfite. Compliance is verified by ISO 14362-1:2017 for reductive azo amine release, REACH Annex XVII Entry 43 at 30 mg/kg per aromatic amine, Oeko-Tex Standard 100 product class II, and fastness tests ISO 105-B02:2014, ISO 105-C06:2010, ISO 105-X12:2016; light fastness may be cross-checked by AATCC 16.3 for North American specifications. Terminal products include polyester sportswear, swimwear, automotive seat upholstery, and technical workwear.
Cellulosic knits dyed with the selected bifunctional reactive range from Runtu Group require separate control of electrolyte-induced exhaustion and alkali-driven fixation. In soft-flow overflow machines with 1:8–1:15 liquor ratio, dye addition is set at 0.1–5.0% owf; sodium sulfate is staged from 20 g/L for pale shades to 80 g/L for deep shades, with half added at dyeing start and half dosed over 15 min after initial dye contact. Sodium carbonate is dosed from 5 g/L to 20 g/L over 20–30 min after dye exhaustion has stabilized. For vinyl sulfone-based reactive groups, fixation temperature is held at 60°C; monochlorotriazine types require 80°C; bifunctional MCT/VS systems are fixed at 60–70°C. The main process conflict occurs during alkali addition: a rapid pH shift from neutral to 10.8–11.2 can produce a strike rate exceeding 40% exhaustion in under 2 min on cotton sliver knit, generating unlevelness visible as dark selvedges and spiral streaks. To avoid this, alkali is injected proportionally into the circulation stream, and fabric cycle time is maintained at 2–4 min per turn with circulation pump flow of 2–3 L/kg/min. Package dyeing columns for cotton yarns use pressure differential between 0.5 bar and 1.0 bar; lower differential causes non-uniform liquor penetration and shade variation between outer and inner package layers. After fixation, boiling soaping with a non-ionic detergent at 95–98°C for 15–20 min removes hydrolysed dye; insufficient soaping reduces wet fastness by more than 0.5 grade in the ISO 105-C06:2010 scale. Fastness is anchored to ISO 105-C06:2010, ISO 105-E04:2013, ISO 105-X12:2016; dimensional stability after domestic washing is evaluated by ISO 6330:2012. Chemical compliance is verified by REACH Annex XVII Entry 43, Oeko-Tex Standard 100, and ZDHC MRSL v3.1. Terminal products include single-jersey t-shirts, underwear, bed linen, and cotton socks.
| Shade depth | Dye addition | Sodium sulfate | Sodium carbonate | Fixation temperature | Target fastness test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pale | 0.1–0.5% owf | 20–35 g/L | 5–8 g/L | 60–70°C | ISO 105-C06:2010 C1S; ISO 105-E04:2013 |
| Medium | 0.5–2.0% owf | 40–60 g/L | 10–15 g/L | 60–70°C | ISO 105-C06:2010 C2S; ISO 105-X12:2016 |
| Deep | 2.0–5.0% owf | 60–80 g/L | 15–20 g/L | 60–80°C | ISO 105-C06:2010 C2S; ISO 105-X12:2016 |
On low-liquor atmospheric beam dyeing machines, nylon 6 and 66 warp-knit tricot places different migration and barré-control demands than high-temperature polyester processing. Acid dye addition for nylon apparel and carpet fibres is set at 0.5–2.5% owf, with bath pH between 4.0 and 6.0 adjusted by acetic acid and ammonium sulfate. The dye cycle starts at 40°C, increases at 1.5°C/min to 98°C, and holds for 30–45 min. On beam dyeing machines with liquor ratios of 1:6–1:10, leveling-type acid dyes are required for uniform coverage of nylon 6 filaments because milling-type acid dyes show high strike between 70°C and 90°C, causing barré that follows filament tension variation. Production experience shows that anionic-nonionic leveling agent addition at 0.5–1.0 g/L reduces dye aggregation and allows migration during the hold period, but exceeding 2.0 g/L blocks fixation and lowers wash fastness by 0.5–1.0 grade. Compliance testing uses ISO 105-E01:2013 for water fastness, ISO 105-C06:2010 for washing, ISO 105-B02:2014 for light fastness, REACH Annex XVII Entry 43, and Oeko-Tex Standard 100. Terminal products include swimwear, lingerie, activewear, and nylon carpets.
Sulphur dye application to cotton denim garments is characterized by reversible reduction-oxidation chemistry rather than covalent fixation. In rotary drum dyeing machines operating at 20–60 rpm and 1:6–1:10 liquor ratio, sulphur black addition from the selected Runtu Group range is typically 3–8% owf, reduced with sodium sulfide at 5–15 g/L or with glucose-based reducing systems where effluent sulfide limits apply. Dyeing is run at 60–80°C for 30–45 min, after which oxidation is performed with 0.5–1.0 g/L hydrogen peroxide or 1–2 g/L sodium perborate at 50°C for 10–15 min. The process conflict is over-oxidation: hydrogen peroxide above 1.5 g/L or oxidation beyond 20 min causes fabric handle stiffening and hue shift toward brown on sulphur black garments, while under-oxidation leaves the dye partially soluble and creates low wet crock fastness. After oxidation, hot rinsing at 80°C and soaping with a non-ionic detergent for 10 min removes unbound leuco sulfur dye and reduces cross-staining. Compliance for heavy metals and extractable arylamines is evaluated against GB 18401-2010 or Oeko-Tex Standard 100, and fastness is tested by ISO 105-C06:2010 and ISO 105-X12:2016. The terminal products include garment-dyed denim jeans, jackets, and cotton twill chambray bottoms.
Cationic dyeing of polyacrylonitrile pile fabrics requires strict ramp control because the glass transition region between 80°C and 95°C triggers rapid dye uptake. Dye addition is set at 0.1–3.0% owf; the bath is buffered to pH 4.5–6.0 with acetic acid and sodium acetate; and a cationic retarder is dosed at 0.5–1.0% owf to compete for dye sites and suppress strike. Atmospheric paddle, hank, or overflow machines operate at 1:10–1:20 liquor ratio, with temperature raised at 0.8–1.0°C/min to 85–98°C and held for 45–60 min. Exceeding 1.5°C/min between 80°C and 95°C produces uneven pile tips and barrel effects because the cationic dye affinities of acrylic fibre vary with fibre stretching history; when wool content exceeds 30%, a non-ionic/amphoteric levelling system is used to reduce staining of wool by cationic dye until the acrylic phase reaches fixation temperature. After the hold, cooling to 70°C before overflow rinse reduces thermal shock and pile deformation. Fastness is verified by ISO 105-B02:2014 for light fastness, ISO 105-C06:2010 for washing, and ISO 105-X12:2016 for crocking; chemical compliance is tested against REACH Annex XVII Entry 43 and Oeko-Tex Standard 100. Terminal products include acrylic blankets, faux fur, pile upholstery, and outdoor textile accessories.
For woven polyester filament and spun polyester/cotton blends destined to automotive and workwear end-uses, continuous pad-dry-thermofix routes fix dye by airflow uniformity and dwell time at 205–220°C rather than by aqueous solubility. The pad liquor contains 15–60 g/L disperse dye, 5–15 g/L anti-migration agent, and a pH buffer holding bath at 4.5–5.0; pad mangle pick-up is maintained at 50–70% to avoid dye migration during infrared or hot-air predrying at 100–120°C. Thermofixation is performed in a stenter frame at 205–220°C for 60–90 s, depending on fabric weight and airflow balance. Production-scale observation on continuous lines shows that uneven stenter airflow of ±5°C across the width causes side-to-side shade deviation exceeding ΔE CMC 0.8 on automotive substrates, so edge plus centre temperature probes are used to maintain uniformity. After fixation, reduction clearing is performed in open-width washing ranges with 1.0 g/L sodium hydrosulfite and 1.0 g/L soda ash at 80°C for 20 min. Compliance is evaluated with ISO 105-B02:2014, ISO 105-C06:2010, ISO 105-X12:2016, ISO 14362-1:2017, and REACH Annex XVII Entry 43. Terminal products include automotive seat and door panel fabrics, high-visibility workwear, and blackout curtain fabrics.
Cold pad-batch processing of woven cotton shirting uses bifunctional reactive dyes under ambient temperature conditions to reduce energy input while maintaining covalent fixation. Pad liquor is prepared with 10–40 g/L reactive dye, 70–120 g/L sodium silicate, 8–20 mL/L 48°Bé caustic soda, and 2–5 g/L wetting agent, with pad mangle pick-up set at 60–70%. After padding, the fabric is wound onto a batching roller and rotated at 4–6 rpm for 8–16 h at 20–30°C to prevent liquor migration and selvedge drying. The critical process limit is batching speed: below 3 rpm, low-viscosity pad liquor drains to the lower side of the roll and creates visible shade variation; above 8 rpm, air is entrained into the batch and edge oxidation increases. Silicate ratio is adjusted to dye reactivity class; vinyl sulfone types require lower caustic soda concentrations, while monochlorotriazine types require higher alkali and longer batching time, though published data for specific Runtu Group reactive dye combinations in this configuration should be confirmed by laboratory pad-batch gradient trials because fabric preparation pH and calcium carbonate content shift alkali consumption. After batching, open-width washing includes cold rinse, soaping at 95–98°C with 1.0 g/L non-ionic detergent, and final rinse at 60°C. Fastness is verified by ISO 105-C06:2010, ISO 105-X12:2016, and ISO 105-E04:2013; chemical compliance is tested against Oeko-Tex Standard 100 and REACH Annex XVII Entry 43. Terminal products include woven cotton shirting, bed sheeting, and laundered workwear cotton.
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Textile Dye Runtu Group comprises a family of bifunctional reactive dyes based on sulfatoethylsulfone and monochlorotriazine reactive anchors, supplied as spray-dried granular and vacuum-dried powder forms for cellulosic batch and continuous dyeing. Grade designations include Runzol Yellow 3RS, Runzol Red 3BS, Runzol Navy RGB, Runzol Blue BRF and Runzol Black DN, with corresponding Colour Index references including C.I. Reactive Yellow 145, C.I. Reactive Red 195, C.I. Reactive Blue 222 and C.I. Reactive Black 5. Typical granular physical specifications are bulk density 0.65–0.85 g/cm³, moisture content ≤5.0%, pH of a 1% aqueous dispersion 6.0–7.5, and water solubility at 25 °C between 90 g/L and 120 g/L depending on grade. Active substance content measured by high-performance liquid chromatography against certified reference standards falls between 80% and 95%. The product differs from conventional monofunctional monochlorotriazine dyes by lower electrolyte demand, higher exhaustion and higher fixation on mercerized cotton, and from hot-dyeing vinyl sulfone types by improved acid hydrolysis resistance in post-dyeing resin finishing.
| Standard/regulation | Test method | Limit/result |
| EU REACH Annex XVII | EN ISO 14362-1:2017 | Not detected for restricted arylamines |
| OEKO-TEX Standard 100 class II | Extraction and GC-MS/LC-MS | Pass at Annex 4 limit values |
| ZDHC MRSL Level 2 | Internal method QP-TX-070 | Pass for heavy metals and chlorobenzenes |
| ISO 14184-1:2011 | Free formaldehyde | <20 mg/kg |
| ISO 105-Z10:2002 | Dye compatibility | Hue angle deviation ≤1.5° |
In comparison with high-exhaust polyfunctional reactive systems, the lower salt requirement reduces pump shear and package pressure buildup in yarn dyeing. High-exhaust systems may achieve fixation above 88%, but they often require an additional cationic fixing step to control acid hydrolysis. The Runzol bifunctional grades deliver fastness values without this step for medium shades on cotton and viscose; if cationic fixatives are used, they must be applied only after complete wash-off and not in the same bath with residual unfixed dye. The product is also differentiated from direct and sulfur dye systems by zero free formaldehyde release under ISO 14184-1:2011 and no sulfide-reducing bath requirement.
The sulfatoethylsulfone precursor is converted to the reactive vinyl sulfone form at pH above 9.5 and dyeing temperature of 60 °C. The monochlorotriazine anchor reacts with cellulosate anions by nucleophilic substitution; the vinyl sulfone anchor undergoes Michael addition to cellulose. This dual mechanism raises fixation and reduces hydrolyzed dye present at the end of dyeing. In comparative exhaust dyeing on 100% cotton single jersey at 2.0% o.w.f., liquor ratio 1:10, the product family shows exhaustion 82–88% and fixation 76–82%. Conventional monofunctional monochlorotriazine reference dyes under the same salt and alkali ramp typically record exhaustion of 68–74% and fixation of 60–66%. Vinyl sulfone-only black grades may match fixation but require cooling and neutralization after dyeing to limit acid hydrolysis. The product also shows lower sensitivity to sodium chloride replacement by sodium sulfate; calcium chloride residuals from hard water above 3 °dH precipitate dye acid aggregates.
Fastness data for the product on cotton poplin, medium depth, are anchored to ISO 105-C06:2010, test method C2S: shade change 4–5, wool staining 4, nylon staining 4–5. Light fastness per ISO 105-B02:2014 at 2.0% o.w.f. is 5–6 for the anthraquinone blue grade and 5 for navy mixtures. Crocking fastness per ISO 105-X12:2016 after one wash is 4 dry and 3–4 wet for deep black shades. Perspiration fastness per ISO 105-E04:2013 remains 4–5 under alkaline and acidic synthetic perspiration.
| Property | Runzol Yellow 3RS | Runzol Red 3BS | Runzol Navy RGB | Conventional MCT reference |
| Active substance by HPLC | 90–95% | 85–90% | 80–85% | 70–75% |
| Solubility at 25 °C | ≥120 g/L | ≥100 g/L | ≥90 g/L | ≥80 g/L |
| Exhaustion at 60 °C, 1:10 | 85–88% | 83–86% | 80–84% | 70–74% |
| Fixation on cotton | 78–82% | 76–80% | 74–78% | 62–66% |
| Light fastness ISO 105-B02, 2.0% o.w.f. | 5–6 | 5–6 | 5 | 4–5 |
| Sodium sulfate demand, medium shade | 30–50 g/L | 40–60 g/L | 50–70 g/L | 60–90 g/L |
Unlike high-exhaust reactive systems that depend on cationic aftertreatment to reach crocking fastness targets, this product family does not require such aftertreatment for pale and medium shades on cellulosic substrates. When cationic fixatives are used on deep shades, they must be applied only after wash-off because residual reactive dye forms insoluble complexes that reduce crocking fastness by 1–2 points on the ISO 105-X12 grey scale.
In air-jet and overflow jet machines operating at liquor ratios from 1:6 to 1:12, the controlling process variables are salt addition rate, alkali ramp slope, final pH, and temperature uniformity. Initial sodium sulfate addition is limited to 20–40 g/L for pale shades and 50–80 g/L for deep shades. Sodium carbonate is dosed as a linear ramp of 0.8–1.2 g/L per 10 min until the dyebath reaches pH 10.8–11.2. A pH overshoot above 11.4 accelerates hydrolysis of the vinyl sulfone form, reducing fixation by 3–5% per 10 min of overshoot. The dyebath is held at 60 °C ± 1 °C for 40–60 min after alkali addition. Running at 70 °C with the same liquor conditions reduces fixation by 4–6% because the hydrolysis half-life of the reactive species shortens.
Hardness control is critical: total water hardness above 3 °dH (54 mg/L CaCO₃) reduces exhaustion by 2–4% and promotes filter blocking in package dyeing. Polyacrylate-based sequestrants at 0.5–1.0 g/L are preferred over aminophosphonate types at pH above 11.0. Production-scale air-jet field data on 100% cotton interlock shows batch-to-batch shade variation of ΔE CMC 0.3–0.6 at 1.0% o.w.f. when dosing accuracy is maintained within ±2% of setpoint. Package dyeing at column pressure difference above 0.8 bar reduces flow through the yarn package and creates radial shade deviation; pressure should be kept below 0.6 bar for high-density packages.
Fabric circulation in soft-flow jets is typically set at 300–500 m/min for cotton knit goods. At speeds above 600 m/min, surface erosion increases and visible rope mark formation appears after 60 min. In beam dyeing of woven fabrics, differential pressure across the beam should remain below 0.5 bar; higher values indicate fiber debris accumulation and produce centre-to-selvedge shade variation. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for high-density woven poplin above 140 g/m², so beam loading is reduced to 70% of nominal capacity.
During cold pad-batch dyeing of woven cotton and viscose, the product is applied at 25–30 °C with padder expression 65–75%. The pad liquor contains 40–60 mL/L sodium silicate 38–40 °Bé and 10–20 g/L sodium hydroxide 100%; trough residence time is limited to 20–30 s to minimize premature vinyl sulfone formation. Batches are wrapped in polyethylene film and rotated at 4–6 rpm for 8–12 h. On a two-roll horizontal padder at nip pressure 2.0–2.5 bar, tailing of the navy grade after 1000 m is 1–2%; replenishment of the pad bath at 5–8% of trough volume per 100 m reduces tailing. Laboratory-to-bulk correlation for cold pad-batch is sensitive to storage temperature below 20 °C, where batching time must be extended to 16–24 h to reach equivalent fixation.
Trichromatic exhaust dyeing with Runzol Yellow 3RS, Runzol Red 3BS and Runzol Navy RGB uses a neutral-to-moderate salt profile. Compatibility tests under ISO 105-Z10:2002 show near-linear shade build-up between 0.5% o.w.f. and 3.0% o.w.f. with a hue angle deviation of 1.5° or less across the additive range. In production, weigh-up is performed on an automatic dispensing line with ±1.0% gravimetric accuracy; manual weigh-up outside this range produces batch-to-batch ΔE CMC up to 0.8 in pale shades.
For continuous pad-dry-thermofix application, the granular product is pre-dispersed in demineralized water using a high-shear mixer with rotor tip speed 12–18 m/s for 10–15 min. Deep-shade pad liquors at 50–80 g/L dye concentration filter through a 30 μm polyester mesh; uncontrolled dispersion produces filter pressure rise above 0.5 bar within 20 min. The padder operates at 1.5–2.5 bar nip pressure and 65–70% pickup. Predrying uses an infrared zone at 80–100 °C for 60–90 s, followed by hot air at 110–130 °C. Thermofixation is 150 °C for 90 s on cotton, not exceeding 160 °C; above 160 °C, depth loss due to chromophore decomposition is measurable at 2–4% per 30 s for the red azo grade. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for the navy grade in vertical pad-steam drying, so line validation is required before bulk production.
Unlike hot-dyeing reactive systems that routinely require 100–200 g/L urea, the product family in pale-to-medium pad-dry-thermofix can operate without urea; deep shades may use 50–100 g/L urea. In pad-steam processes at 101–103 °C for 60–90 s, fixation reaches 78–84% for the blue grade. Unfixed dye is removed in 4–6 counterflow wash boxes at 85 °C with final soaping using nonionic detergent at 1–2 g/L. Granular material stored above 60% relative humidity should be pre-dried at 50–60 °C for 4–6 h before weigh-up; moisture uptake otherwise changes active substance by 1–3%.
Because the product family operates at reduced electrolyte levels and higher fixation, the unfixed dye mass entering the first wash bath after an exhaust cycle is 18–24% of applied mass, compared with 30–38% for conventional monofunctional monochlorotriazine grades. Effluent conductivity after the first wash bath drops to 8–12 mS/cm when sodium sulfate is capped at 50 g/L; the color load decreases by 15–25% in the same comparison. The remaining hydrolyzed dye requires neutralization to pH 7–8 and biological treatment; the product does not contain heavy metals above the reporting thresholds in ZDHC MRSL and does not require reductive clearing. Avoid combination with amine-based cationic fixing agents in the same bath or immediately after dyeing without intermediate soaping because residual reactive groups form insoluble complexes that lower crocking fastness by 1–2 points on the ISO 105-X12 grey scale.
