| HS Code | 181386 |
| Product Name | Perfluoro-2-Methyl-3,6,8-Trioxanonanoic Acid Ammonium Salt (20% Aqueous Solution) |
| Chemical Name | Ammonium perfluoro-2-methyl-3,6,8-trioxanonanoate |
| Molecular Formula | C7H4F13NO5 |
| Molecular Weight | 429.08 g/mol |
| Concentration | 20% w/w in water |
| Physical State | Liquid |
| Appearance | Clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid |
| Odor | Slight characteristic odor |
| Ph | Approximately 5 (20% aqueous solution) |
| Density | Approximately 1.10 g/cm³ at 20°C |
| Boiling Point | Approximately 100°C (water-based solution) |
| Freezing Point | Approximately -2°C |
| Solubility | Miscible with water in all proportions |
| Surface Tension | Approximately 17 mN/m (in aqueous solution) |
| Vapor Pressure | Approximately 2.3 kPa at 20°C (primarily from water) |
As an accredited Perfluoro-2-Methyl-3,6,8-Trioxanonanoic Acid Ammonium Salt (20% Aqueous Solution) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaged in a 1 L HDPE bottle with secure cap, containing a 20% aqueous ammonium salt solution; label includes hazard and handling information. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: Perfluoro-2-Methyl-3,6,8-Trioxanonanoic Acid Ammonium Salt (20% aqueous) loaded as palletized drums or IBCs, safely secured. |
| Shipping | Ship in tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant containers with appropriate hazard labeling and secondary containment. Avoid contact with incompatible materials and protect from extreme temperatures. Ensure adequate ventilation during handling and transport. Comply with all applicable regulations for transporting aqueous solutions of fluorinated organic acids. |
| Storage | Store in a tightly sealed, labeled container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Keep away from direct sunlight, heat, oxidizing agents, acids, and bases. Maintain stable temperature and avoid freezing. Use secondary containment to manage spills. Ensure container is corrosion-resistant and inaccessible to unauthorized personnel. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 12 months when stored sealed, cool, and away from light; avoid freezing or contamination. |
In continuous fluoropolymer emulsion polymerization, the 20% aqueous ammonium salt of perfluoro-2-methyl-3,6,8-trioxanonanoic acid functions as an anionic interfacial tension modifier and nucleation stabilizer during the initial addition of tetrafluoroethylene and comonomers such as hexafluoropropylene or perfluoroalkyl vinyl ethers. The active concentration in the aqueous phase is typically maintained between 0.8 wt% and 2.2 wt% relative to total aqueous charge, although published data for this specific configuration is limited and the effective level is optimized against particle size distribution, latex stability, and coagulum formation rather than a fixed recipe. Polymerization is conducted in a high-purity PTFE-lined stirred autoclave having a length-to-diameter ratio from 1.2:1 to 1.8:1, with an axial-flow agitator operated at a tip speed of 120–180 m/min; the jacket control is held within ±1.0 °C because persulfate initiator half-life shifts approximately 2.5-fold for each 10 °C increase in the 65–90 °C operating window. Residual oxygen is reduced below 10 ppm through sequential vacuum-nitrogen cycles; oxygen ingress above this level retards initiation and raises carboxylic acid end-group concentration, shifting the dispersion toward lower shear stability. The ammonia counterion maintains the aqueous phase between pH 7.5 and 9.0. Below pH 7.0 the free acid associates with the polymer particle surface and weakens electrostatic repulsion, while above pH 9.2 ammonia partition into the reactor headspace produces pressure fluctuations and variable initiator efficiency.
Monomer addition is controlled to keep tetrafluoroethylene mass fraction in the aqueous phase below 0.5% during primary nucleation, because the fluorinated ether salt is most effective at stabilizing nanoscale precursors rather than enhancing mass transfer at higher monomer loadings. The polymerization is stopped at 18–30% polymer solids to limit viscosity increase and shear-induced coagulation in the agitation zone; the dispersion is then cooled below 50 °C, vented, and filtered through 20 µm polypropylene depth media. A non-ionic ethoxylated alcohol stabilizer is added at 4–8 wt% based on polymer solids before final concentration to 58–62% solids. The finished fluoropolymer dispersion is used for glass-fiber cloth impregnation, wire coating, and non-stick topcoats; the final article must satisfy the extractives and migration limits of FDA 21 CFR 177.1550 for repeat-use food-contact coatings.
Production-scale failure modes center on pH excursion during vacuum concentration. When the dispersion is concentrated from 30% to 61% solids at 50–60 °C under 80–150 mbar absolute pressure, ammonia partitions into the overhead condenser; if the overhead pH is not monitored and compensated, the liquid phase drops below pH 6.8 and creates a sharp increase in coagulum from 0.5% to 3–5% of wet polymer mass within 30–60 minutes. Holding tanks are therefore equipped with a pH-controlled dilute ammonia dosing line and a low-shear axial mixer operated at 30–60 rpm to avoid macro-shear movement of destabilized particles; line velocities in transfer piping are limited to 0.5–1.5 m/s to prevent mechanical coagulation after concentration. The qualification framework below lists the standard methods applied to the dispersion rather than to the 20% feedstock; acceptance windows are batch-specific and not intrinsic product data.
| Test purpose | Method | Representative window |
|---|---|---|
| Dispersion solids content | ISO 12086-2:2006 | 58–62% w/w |
| Particle size distribution | ISO 22412:2017 | 180–260 nm D50 |
| Dynamic surface tension | Wilhelmy plate / maximum bubble pressure | 22–35 mN/m at 25 °C |
| Food-contact conversion coating | FDA 21 CFR 177.1550 | extractives within specified migration limits |
Waterborne fluoropolymer topcoats and impregnation baths use the 20% ammonium salt as a post-added wetting agent because it lowers equilibrium surface tension without introducing silicone or hydrocarbon defoamer residues that can interfere with intercoat adhesion. The recommended dilution is 0.05–0.30 wt% of the 20% solution on total formulation mass, which corresponds to 100–600 mg/L active fluorinated ether carboxylate; the exact level is determined by measuring dynamic surface tension with a maximum bubble pressure tensiometer at surface ages from 100 ms to 10 s. High-shear dispersion is performed with a Cowles blade at tip speeds of 5–15 m/s; the shear history must not exceed 15 minutes above 35 °C because the ammonia salt can be volatilized from the drying film and leave the free acid, which may shift pH and create viscosity instability in the liquid coating. Finished formulations are adjusted to pH 8.0–9.2 with ammonia or 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, and viscosity is measured by Brookfield viscometer under ASTM D2196 at 25 °C; leveling is assessed by ASTM D4062 and gloss by ISO 2813. The typical final articles include PTFE-lined aluminum bakeware, fluoropolymer-impregnated glass fabric, and low-friction industrial roll covers; cured film defects such as cratering and crawling are avoided only if the wet contact angle on the substrate is kept below 35° during the flash-off stage. The additive is incompatible with cationic resin systems and with formulations containing soluble calcium above 200 mg/L as CaCO₃ because the carboxylate salt precipitates and produces surface defects.
When the 20% aqueous solution is diluted into ozonated ultrapure water or SC1-type cleaning baths for semiconductor substrate wetting, the fluorinated ether carboxylate acts as a low-foaming anionic surfactant that reduces the surface tension of the rinse liquid from about 72 mN/m to below 22 mN/m at 25 °C at an active concentration near 100–500 mg/L. The additive is introduced after the oxidizer is quenched or in a separate rinse step, because strong oxidizing baths containing hydrogen peroxide at 30% and ammonium hydroxide at 29% can degrade the ether linkages and generate fluoride release; published data for this specific configuration is limited, and compatibility is verified by ion chromatography for fluoride and by total organic carbon measurement before wafer lot disposition. In wafer drying after wet etch or post-CMP cleaning, the reduction in capillary force is used to minimize pattern collapse in high-aspect-ratio features below 45 nm half-pitch; the process tank is constructed of fluorinated polymer or quartz, and the recirculation loop is fitted with 0.1 µm PTFE membrane filtration to remove particle agglomerates. Finished devices are processed through downstream plasma ashing or thermal oxide growth, and the surfactant must not leave non-volatile residues; surface cleanliness is checked by contact angle measurement according to SEMI C63 or by TOF-SIMS survey, with acceptance at less than 5.0 × 10¹⁰ atoms/cm² for fluorine-equivalent contamination on exposed copper pads.
Hexavalent chromium plating baths operating at 80–100 A/dm² and 50–60 °C generate fine mist from cathodic hydrogen evolution; the 20% fluorinated ether ammonium salt is added to the bath at 0.01–0.05 g/L active content to lower surface tension and suppress mist without forming a persistent foam blanket that would trap hydrogen and create explosive gas accumulation above the solution. The exact dosage is controlled by surface tension measurement using ASTM D1331, with a target below 28 mN/m at 55 °C; air agitation is maintained at 0.5–1.0 L/min per liter of bath volume to ensure uniform distribution. The additive is introduced through a side-stream dosing line with a PTFE diaphragm pump, not as a direct bolus, because local concentration above 0.1 g/L active can cause current efficiency loss at the lead anode and produce a visible film on the deposited chromium. The finished parts are subjected to ASTM B117 neutral salt spray corrosion testing and ISO 3613 chromate conversion coating verification when specified; the fluorinated surfactant is not a substitute for chromic acid mist suppressant compliance under local air permits, and the bath must still be exhausted through a composite mesh pad mist eliminator meeting ASHRAE 52.2 or equivalent efficiency criteria.
In aqueous alkaline degreasing and precision cleaning concentrates for metal parts, the 20% ammonium salt is used at 0.02–0.10 wt% of the working bath to improve wetting of low-energy residues such as mineral oil and silicone grease without generating the high foam associated with hydrocarbon surfactants. The cleaning tank is equipped with ultrasonic transducers operating at 40 kHz and 0.5 W/cm²; the bath temperature is held at 50–65 °C for aluminum alloys and 65–80 °C for stainless steel, because the fluorinated ether carboxylate loses surface tension reduction efficiency above 80 °C and the ammonium ion can volatilize, shifting the bath pH from 8.5 toward 6.5 if no pH buffer is present. Cleaning efficacy is measured by water-break-free surface inspection under ASTM F22 and by gravimetric residue removal on polished 304 stainless steel coupons; final parts are rinsed in 10–15 MΩ·cm deionized water and dried with filtered compressed air at 0.3–0.5 MPa. The solution is incompatible with strong mineral acids below pH 3.0 and with quaternary ammonium disinfectants that cause phase separation; published tolerance data in mixed cleaner matrices above 1.0 wt% surfactant loading is limited, so pilot studies are required before production scale-up.
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Perfluoro-2-methyl-3,6,8-trioxanonanoic acid ammonium salt, supplied as a 20 wt% aqueous solution, is a fluorinated ether carboxylic acid salt used primarily as a low-concentration wetting agent, fluoropolymer polymerization auxiliary, and surface tension depressant in industrial formulations. The commercial model designation typically encodes the ammonium counterion, the nominal active content, and a manufacturer-specific lot prefix; no unified model naming convention exists across producers. Purchase specifications therefore include the full chemical name, the statement “ammonium salt, 20% aqueous,” the certificate-of-analysis profile, and the regional chemical registration status. Because nomenclature and registration vary among jurisdictions, the exact CAS identity, molecular weight, and regulatory status should be confirmed against the supplier safety data sheet and the lot certificate before use. The product is not a linear C8 perfluorocarboxylic acid, but it remains a fluorinated anionic surfactant and may be subject to evolving PFAS discharge restrictions. It is normally shipped in high-density polyethylene drums or intermediate bulk containers with a recommended storage band of 5–40 °C. Frozen material should be thawed to 20–25 °C and gently recirculated before use. Direct transfer into a closed reactor header is preferred because the solution can absorb carbon dioxide from the headspace and form carbonate/bicarbonate species that shift pH downward.
Incoming material is tested against a certificate of analysis that includes active content, pH, density, viscosity, colour, and trace metal limits. Because the solution is an aqueous ammonium salt, pH and conductivity are sensitive to storage time, headspace composition, and sampling temperature. Table 1 lists representative receipt-inspection values compiled from industrial safety data sheets; these values are typical rather than universal acceptance limits and must be confirmed against the supplier lot certificate.
| Property | Test method | Representative value or limit |
|---|---|---|
| Active content | 19F NMR / ion chromatography | 20.0 ± 0.5 wt% |
| Appearance | Visual inspection | Clear, colourless to pale yellow liquid |
| pH | ASTM E70-19 | 7.0–8.5 |
| Density at 20 °C | ASTM D4052-22 | 1.10–1.15 g/cm³ |
| Kinematic viscosity at 25 °C | ASTM D445-21 | 2.5–5.0 mm²/s |
| Surface tension, 0.1 wt% active in deionized water | ASTM D1331-20 | 16–20 mN/m |
| Colour | ASTM D1209-05 | ≤ 100 APHA |
| Freezing point | DSC / supplier method | −5 to 0 °C |
Batch-to-batch variance in active content measured by 19F NMR has been observed in production storage tanks when material is held longer than 90 days at 35–40 °C; re-verification of active content is therefore recommended before metering into critical polymerization recipes. High-shear samplers or rotary lobe pumps should be recalibrated because the solution viscosity is low and air entrainment can produce a false refractometry result. Users performing incoming inspection of intermediate bulk containers should draw the sample from the top port after a 10-minute recirculation loop at 20–30 L/min or use a nitrogen-blanketed sampling valve. The solution is not recommended for processing through low-shear eductors that create a deep vortex, because entrained air increases the apparent volume and can cause metering pump cavitation.
A separate trace metal screen is often performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry following acid digestion; typical internal controls for sodium, calcium, and iron are below 10 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg respectively. The exact limits are application-specific: fluoropolymer catalyst systems may require tighter iron control, while coating applications may tolerate higher divalent ion levels. If the determined active content differs from the nominal 20 wt% by more than 0.5 percentage points, the lot is recalibrated by gravimetric addition or rejected for critical use.
The fluorinated backbone of this product is not a linear perfluoroalkyl chain. The 3,6,8-trioxa pattern inserts three ether oxygen atoms into the nonanoic acid structure, and the 2-methyl group introduces a branched fluorinated side chain. This distinguishes the product from ammonium perfluorooctanoate, which is a linear C8 carboxylate with no ether oxygen, and from hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid ammonium salt, which contains a single ether linkage and a perfluoropropoxy substituent. The structural differences are relevant to aggregation behaviour, foaming, and environmental partitioning, but published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Because the molecule is a fluorinated ether rather than a linear long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acid, it is not covered by the substance-specific PFOA listing in EU POP Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I or REACH Annex XVII Entry 68 by identity; however, it may be captured by group-based PFAS restrictions and site-specific discharge permits. Users should not equate this product with PFOA solely on the basis of fluorinated carboxylate functionality.
| Attribute | This product, 20 wt% NH4 salt | Linear PFOA NH4 salt | HFPO-DA NH4 salt |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ether oxygen count | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Perfluoroalkyl configuration | Branched methyl at C2 | Linear C8 chain | Branched perfluoropropoxy side chain |
| Typical solution form | 20 wt% aqueous ammonium salt | Solid or aqueous ammonium salt | Aqueous ammonium salt, variable concentration |
| Foam persistence under 0.1 wt% active, 25 °C, ASTM D1173-07 | Low to moderate; transient foam height | Higher stable foam in hard water | Moderate; collapsed foam within 5–10 min in screening tests |
| Regulatory status | Not a linear C8 perfluorocarboxylic acid; subject to PFAS discharge limits | Restricted under EU POP Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I and REACH Annex XVII Entry 68 | Identified as an SVHC under EU REACH; subject to national emission limits |
The difference in ether oxygen count changes the orientational flexibility of the hydrophobic segment. Linear C8 ammonium perfluorooctanoate forms rigid rod-like aggregates at room temperature, whereas the insertion of oxygen linkages reduces the persistence length of the perfluorinated hydrophobe and alters the cloud point, Krafft point, and dynamic surface tension response. Screening tests under ASTM D1173-07 at 0.1 wt% active and 25 °C show different foam persistence profiles, but the absolute foam height is highly dependent on water hardness and agitation geometry. Published data for the exact solution is limited; side-by-side testing in the intended formulation is required before substitution.
In fluoropolymer emulsion polymerization, the 20% solution is normally diluted to 0.5–5 wt% active before use. The diluted stream is metered below the liquid surface of a jacketed stirred reactor with a 45° pitched-blade turbine operating at 3–5 W/kg, using a peristaltic or progressing cavity pump at 10–50 L/h for the dilute feed. The concentration of active surfactant in the aqueous phase is maintained between 0.05 and 0.50 wt%, depending on the target particle size and latex stability. Particle size is measured by dynamic light scattering according to ISO 22412:2017. The formulation is adjusted when the z-average particle size drifts above or below the 150–250 nm range; the addition rate and ionic strength are the primary control variables. Foaming in the reactor is monitored by a differential-pressure cell; if foam raises the overhead pressure, the agitator tip speed is reduced to 2.5–3.5 m/s or a defoamer addition of 50–150 ppm is used. This procedure is used in process development and should be revalidated for each reactor geometry.
Because the product contains an ammonium counterion, it can release ammonia at elevated pH and temperature. In polymerization campaigns run above 70 °C and above pH 9, the latex stabilisation mechanism can shift because the equilibrium between ammonium and free acid changes; operators should monitor off-gas and latex pH to maintain carboxylate stability. The material is not recommended for use in emulsion systems that require long-chain linear perfluorocarboxylate micelles for particle nucleation; the branched ether structure may require higher active content to achieve equivalent latex solids.
Compared to nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants, the fluorinated ether structure depresses equilibrium surface tension to 16–20 mN/m at 0.1 wt% active, whereas typical hydrocarbon surfactants often plateau at 27–32 mN/m under the same conditions. This allows wetting of low-energy polymer films, but the product is not a universal replacement for silicone surfactants; silicone surfactants may provide lower dynamic surface tension in some high-speed applications but can introduce slip and recoatability defects. Compatibility with polyurethane, acrylic, and epoxy dispersion resins should be tested by measuring gloss reduction, haze, and pinhole formation after 24-hour storage at 40 °C using ASTM D523-14 for gloss and ASTM D1003-13 for haze. If incompatibility occurs at the recommended dose, the solution is pre-diluted to 1 wt% active and added under mild agitation.
In water-based coating production with a high-speed disperser, addition of 0.05–0.20 wt% of the 20% solution based on total formulation reduces cratering and improves wetting on low-energy substrates. The disperser should be operated at a tip speed of 3–5 m/s during addition; higher tip speeds may generate foam that persists in the final film. Leveling is assessed by ASTM D4062-11, and surface tension of the diluted coating is checked by ASTM D1331-20 before filling. The product is added after pH adjustment to avoid local acidification below pH 6, which can reduce wetting efficiency. On a 2,000 L coating batch, the addition point is moved to the side of the disperser vortex to avoid air entrainment; batch-to-batch viscosity differences measured by ASTM D2196-20 are typically within ± 5% when the active dose is held constant.
For roll-to-roll flexographic or inkjet coatings, dynamic surface tension rather than equilibrium surface tension controls defect formation. The active concentration is increased from 0.03% to 0.10% and the moving web speed is set between 50 and 200 m/min. A maximum bubble pressure tensiometer is used to measure surface age from 20 ms to 1,000 ms; the target is a dynamic surface tension below 35 mN/m at 50 ms. If air entrapment appears as microfoam, the coating is degassed with a 0.45 µm membrane or a vacuum deaerator. These limits are equipment-specific and should be validated against the substrate and drying profile.
In clean-in-place or precision cleaning, the solution is diluted to 20–100 ppm active in deionized water. Receding contact angle on stainless steel test coupons is measured by ASTM D7334-08; a value below 15° is used as an internal control for low residue. The cleaning bath is maintained at 25–45 °C, and the active concentration is verified by total organic carbon or fluorine-selective electrode after each 8-hour shift. The product should not be blended with hard water above 250 ppm CaCO3 unless a chelating agent is present, because visible turbidity may form. Concentrated mineral acids below pH 2 should be avoided, as protonation of the carboxylate can form the poorly water-soluble acid form.
The solution is mildly alkaline and can corrode bare aluminum and zinc-coated steel at high humidity; process contact surfaces should be 316L stainless steel, polypropylene, or polytetrafluoroethylene. Avoid use with concentrated acids or oxidizers; any unintentional mixing with bleach or nitric acid may decompose the fluorinated backbone and generate heat. Local exhaust ventilation is required for vessels where the solution is heated above 60 °C to prevent ammonia accumulation in the headspace.
Recommended storage is 5–40 °C in closed HDPE or fluoropolymer-lined containers. Avoid exposure to strong oxidising agents and open flame; combustion of fluorinated organic material can release hydrogen fluoride. For waste treatment, the material should not be discharged without site-specific PFAS assessment. The aqueous solution is not intended for use in consumer products without regulatory authorization.
