| HS Code | 980869 |
| Product Name | Ordinary Dye (Non-Electronic/EL Grade) Industrial Grade |
| Chemical Class | Azo, anthraquinone, sulfur, or reactive dye derivatives |
| Physical Form | Fine powder or granular solid |
| Color Appearance | Single or blended shade depending on application |
| Solubility | Soluble in water or organic solvents depending on dye type |
| Purity Min | 90% |
| Moisture Content Max | 5% |
| Ph 1 Percent Solution | 6.0 to 8.5 |
| Particle Size | 95% through 100 mesh |
| Melting Point | Decomposes above 250°C |
| Heat Stability | Stable up to 150°C |
| Lightfastness Rating | 4 to 6 on blue wool scale |
| Heavy Metals Max | 20 ppm |
| Application Material | Textiles, leather, paper, wood, or plastic substrates |
As an accredited Ordinary Dye (Non-Electronic/EL Grade) Industrial Grade factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Ordinary Dye (Non-Electronic/EL Grade), Industrial Grade: supplied in 25 kg sealed drums with inner liner for safe handling and transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Ordinary Dye, industrial grade, loaded in 20ft FCL: 20-25 metric tons per container, secured in drums/bags, palletized, no special hazardous restrictions. |
| Shipping | Ordinary Dye (Industrial Grade) ships in sealed, corrosion-resistant containers to prevent leakage and contamination. Standard ground freight is typical, with proper labeling for chemical transport. Non-hazardous classification applies, but avoid extreme temperatures. Ensure secure palletization to prevent damage during transit. |
| Storage | Store Ordinary Dye (Industrial Grade, Non-Electronic/EL Grade) in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption, contamination, or clumping. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers, acids, and food products. Ensure proper labeling and segregation from electronic-grade materials. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2–5 years when stored in a cool, dry, sealed container away from sunlight and moisture. |
In package dyeing of cellulosic yarns, industrial-grade ordinary dye is charged through a dosing tank fitted with a 25 μm wedge-wire filter before entering the main circulation loop. Liquor ratios on high-temperature package machines typically range from 1:8 to 1:12, while beam dyeing of woven constructions operates at 1:10 to 1:15. The dyebath is ramped from 40 °C to 98 °C at 1.0–1.5 K/min, with electrolyte split into three equal additions at 60 °C, 70 °C, and 80 °C to avoid precipitation of the technical-grade dye. Industrial-grade material may contain significant electrolyte diluent, which increases apparent solubility but reduces the maximum dyebath concentration achievable for deep shades. Differential pressure across the yarn package must remain below 0.5 bar; insoluble agglomerates in low-purity dye lots have been observed to raise pressure drop by 0.2–0.4 bar within 15 min of circulation, requiring flow reversal every 4–6 min to clear surface deposits. Shade control uses instrumental pass/fail at ΔE CMC ≤ 0.8 against the reference standard under D65 illumination, with surface-color measurement per ISO 105-J01:2003 and color-difference calculation per ASTM D2244-23. Wet fastness is assessed by ISO 105-C06 domestic laundering and ISO 105-X12 crocking. For azo-substituted dye structures, compliance with REACH Annex XVII entry 43 requires verification that restricted aromatic amines do not exceed 30 mg/kg after reductive cleavage.
| Substrate | Property | Method | Typical pass criterion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Textile | Domestic laundering | ISO 105-C06 | ≥ 4 grey scale change |
| Textile | Wet rubbing | ISO 105-X12 | ≥ 3 grey scale staining |
| Leather | Rub cycles | ISO 11640 | ≥ 3 dry and ≥ 2–3 wet |
| Wood under clear topcoat | Artificial light | ISO 105-B02 | ≥ 6 blue wool for exterior systems |
Leather drum dyeing of chrome-tanned wet-blue stock is carried out in a through-feed drum at 6–12 rpm with pre-dissolved dye liquor added at 70–80 °C through a deck-mounted distribution bar, followed by rinsing with water at 50–60 °C. Float volume on shaved weight is maintained at 150–200% for softy hides and 100–150% for firm side leather, with dyebath pH adjusted to 4.2–4.6 using dilute formic acid before dye addition. Anionic ordinary dye competes for cationic chromium sites and can be displaced by anionic fatliquors if fatliquoring is introduced too early; a two-phase addition sequence—dye first for 30–40 min, then fatliquor emulsion for 45–60 min—produces more uniform cross-section penetration and reduces loose-surface dye. Because industrial-grade lots vary in particle size and salt content, production lots should be reconfirmed through a drum side-by-side with reference dye at 3 wt% on shaved weight and checked for crust finish shade difference ΔE CMC ≤ 0.8. Fastness to rub cycles is measured under ISO 11640, and light fastness is assessed with ISO 105-B02. For azo dye structures, REACH Annex XVII entry 43 restricted amine certification is required for leather articles in contact with skin, with each restricted amine below 30 mg/kg.
For open-grain species such as oak, ash, and mahogany, a solvent-based wood stain formulated with an industrial-grade ordinary dye at 0.5–3.0 wt% in a blend of ethanol, isopropanol, and 2-butoxyethanol is applied by spray or flow coater. Viscosity at 20 °C is controlled to 15–40 s using a 4 mm DIN flow cup; higher viscosity concentrates produce edge-darkening on rotary spray lines, while lower viscosity leads to blotching and lap marks on vertical panels. The dye must be fully dissolved and passed through a 10 μm depth filter before dilution because undissolved technical-grade particles produce speck defects under clear topcoats. Grain contrast is governed by the relative penetration rate into earlywood and latewood; low-molecular-weight dye penetrates earlywood more rapidly, and this is controlled by reducing dwell time to 30–60 s before wiping or by adding retarder solvent at 2–5 wt%. Lightfastness on wood is evaluated by ISO 105-B02; unprotected industrial-grade dye commonly falls in the 3–5 blue wool range, which is insufficient for exterior millwork unless a UV-absorbing topcoat is applied. Color difference after clear topcoat application is assessed by ASTM D2244-23, with production tolerance ΔE*ab ≤ 1.0. High-humidity application above 60% RH without air conditioning may cause solvent blush and uneven dye migration, and the process window should be restricted to 35–55% RH for non-aqueous systems.
Fine-paper wet-end addition of industrial-grade ordinary dye is metered into the thin-stock loop after fan pump mixing on machines running 900–1,200 m/min, with dye concentration at 0.05–0.5 wt% on dry fiber and alum or cationic fixative addition at 2–5 kg/t to anchor anionic dye to bleached kraft. Retention is highly shear-sensitive across the headbox; higher machine speeds reduce contact time between dye and furnish, producing two-sided color variation and shade drift when white water is recirculated. Dye solution should be prepared at 60–70 °C and filtered through a 40 μm bag filter, because industrial-grade insoluble matter can deposit on forming fabric and reduce dewatering. Finished reel shade is checked against reference at ΔE*ab ≤ 1.5 using ISO 11664-4:2019 CIELAB coordinates. If the dyed paper is intended for food-contact packaging, industrial-grade dye is generally unsuitable unless a full migration study under EU Regulation 10/2011 and 21 CFR 176.170 demonstrates no transfer, because low-molecular-weight dye fractions can migrate through polyethylene coatings. Published data for wet-end retention of industrial-grade ordinary dye on high-speed gap formers is limited; mill trials are required to establish retention-and-shade correlation across different furnishes.
In solvent-based flexographic ink production, high-shear dispersion of a non-pigmented dye into a flexographic vehicle is carried out in a laboratory disperser at 10,000–18,000 rpm for 20–30 min per 2 kg batch, using a nitrocellulose- and polyurethane-modified vehicle in an ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate ternary solvent blend. The resulting concentrate is diluted to print viscosity of 20–40 s on a #2 Zahn cup for solvent-based flexo or 15–25 s for gravure, then filtered through a 5–10 μm absolute-rated filter cartridge before press loading. Dye-based inks produce high transparency and low dot gain on coated paper, but the same solubility that enables clean flexo transfer creates migration risk in packaging. Ordinary industrial-grade dye is not acceptable for direct food-contact packaging unless the printed side is separated by a functional barrier and analytical migration data demonstrate no transfer above the applicable detection limit under Swiss Ordinance 817.023.21. Print contrast and color difference are measured with a spectrophotometer under ISO 13655:2017 measurement condition M1, with proofing tolerance ΔE*ab ≤ 1.5. Low-molecular-weight dye also shows limited lightfastness; if the printed label is exposed to high-intensity retail lighting, accelerated light tests under ISO 105-B02 should be used to establish replacement cycles.
In alkyd and nitrocellulose lacquers used for transparent industrial coatings, ordinary industrial-grade dye is accepted at 0.05–1.5 wt% on total solids, provided the dye is first dissolved in a polar latent solvent or in a ketone/ester cosolvent package and screened through a 25 μm filter. In high-solids alkyd baking enamels, dye decomposition can occur above 150 °C, so the dye is added during the letdown stage below 80 °C rather than during resin cook. Nitrocellulose lacquers require a solvent balance of methyl ethyl ketone, n-butyl acetate, and isopropanol to prevent reseeding of dye crystals during flash-off; reseeded crystals appear as bronzed speck defects after 24 h of storage at 5 °C. Compatibility with cobalt driers is limited for dye structures that complex transition metals; bench stability at 50 °C for 14 days is used to screen for viscosity drift and precipitation. Accelerated weathering under xenon arc conditions per ISO 16474-2 typically places industrial-grade dye below grade 4 on the blue wool scale, so these systems are restricted to interior industrial coatings or short-lifecycle decorative markers. Release of restricted aromatic amines from azo-based dye structures in coated leather-like laminates is verified under EN 14362-1:2012; failure occurs above 30 mg/kg per REACH Annex XVII entry 43.
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Ordinary Dye (Non-Electronic/EL Grade) Industrial Grade denotes a colourant class intended for non-electrical mass-colouring of polymer, coating, leather and ink formulations. The designation “Non-Electronic/EL Grade” indicates that the material has not been refined to electroluminescent-device purity and must not be qualified for high-impedance electronic encapsulation, electroluminescent phosphor binding, or ESD flooring. The product is supplied in powder, granular and liquid dispersion forms under representative codes OD-NE-IG-P, OD-NE-IG-G and OD-NE-IG-L. These suffixes indicate physical form rather than shade or chemistry. Because the material is a standard industrial-grade dye, acceptance limits for moisture, ionic conductivity, sieve residue and transition-metal content are broader than those for electronic-grade colorants. Specification control should therefore rely on the lot certificate of analysis. Typical usage includes solvent-borne industrial coatings, wood stains, leather finishing, PVC calendering, polyolefin masterbatch, unsaturated polyester gel coats, and sulfur-cured rubber goods. The product is not a conductive pigment and contributes no antistatic performance.
| Parameter | Method | Non-Electronic/EL Industrial Grade | Electronic/EL Grade Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moisture content | ISO 787-2:1981 | ≤0.5 % | ≤0.1 % |
| Residue on 45 µm sieve | ISO 787-7:2009 | ≤0.10 % | ≤0.01 % |
| Conductivity of aqueous extract | ISO 787-14:2002 | ≤500 µS/cm | ≤50 µS/cm |
| Water-soluble matter | ISO 787-3:2000 | ≤0.5 % | ≤0.1 % |
| pH of aqueous suspension | ISO 787-9:2019 | 6.0–9.0 | 6.5–7.5 |
| Total transition metals (Fe, Cu, Co) | ISO 11885:2007 | ≤200 mg/kg | ≤10 mg/kg |
Model variations correspond to physical form. OD-NE-IG-G granular material is preferred for direct addition to twin-screw extrusion because it reduces dust and permits steady feed at 2–8 kg/h on a 25 mm co-rotating extruder. OD-NE-IG-P powder is used in high-shear dispersion where maximum tint strength is needed. OD-NE-IG-L liquid dispersion is supplied at 30–50 % solids in a non-aqueous carrier and is applied in wood stains and leather finishing after viscosity adjustment. End users should confirm the exact shade, tinctorial strength and carrier system against the intended resin before production. No inference of food-contact certification is made by the use of this grade.
The principal distinction is ionic mobility and residual metal content. In electroluminescent devices, mobile ions and transition-metal impurities contribute to luminance decay, leakage current and dielectric breakdown. Electronic/EL-grade dyes are therefore refined to ≤10 mg/kg total transition metals and aqueous extract conductivity ≤50 µS/cm per ISO 787-14. Ordinary Dye (Non-Electronic/EL Grade) Industrial Grade is not supplied with these limits and must not be used where a polymer matrix must maintain volume resistivity above 1×1012 Ω·cm or where dielectric loss at 100 Hz is a qualification test. The product is also not certified for indirect food contact under FDA 21 CFR 178.3297 or EU Regulation 10/2011. For standard industrial coloristic work, the wider limits are acceptable because the dye is incorporated into mass-coloured articles rather than emissive layers.
In epoxy floor coatings, the dye is pre-dispersed in bisphenol A diglycidyl ether or benzyl alcohol at 20 % solids. The liquid dispersion is mixed into the epoxy part before curative addition. Amine hardeners can react with residual moisture or acid groups in the dye; therefore the total active hydrogen equivalent of the dye must be subtracted from the curative demand. Failure to do so on production lines using 5–10 kg batch lengths has produced under-crosslinked films with Koenig hardness below 60 s and methyl ethyl ketone double rubs below 50. The cure response is monitored by differential scanning calorimetry per ISO 11357-2; the disappearance of the exothermic peak near 100–120 °C confirms curative depletion rather than complete network formation. Because this product is not an electronic-grade material, it is not qualified for ESD flooring or conductive primer systems.
In polyolefin and engineering thermoplastic compounding, the granular grade is added via side feeder or hopper. Production-scale experience on a 44:1 L/D co-rotating twin-screw extruder with barrel temperatures 170–220 °C indicates that free powder addition can cause feed-throat compaction and screw-channel pressure fluctuation when the powder bulk density is below 0.35 g/cm³. Side feeding with a 1:1 mineral-oil premix reduces pressure variability from ±3 bar to ±1 bar and lowers screen-pack plugging frequency. Melt dispersion of the dye to a Hegman grind below 10 µm is typically achieved at 30–40 % screw fill and 600–900 min⁻¹ screw speed. The dye does not contribute static-dissipative performance; surface resistivity remains dependent on the base resin and any antistatic additive.
In two-component polyurethane coatings and cast elastomers, the dye is dispersed into the polyol component before mixing with isocyanate. If the dye contains residual primary amines, phenolic groups, or moisture above 0.5 %, the effective NCO index can shift downward because isocyanate is consumed by dye-borne active hydrogen. The resulting crosslink density, hardness, and solvent resistance may fall below specification. For a typical solvent-borne clear aliphatic urethane with an initial NCO index of 1.05, addition of 3.0 wt% dye with 0.3 % moisture can shift the available NCO index toward the lower control limit, with the exact shift depending on moisture and active hydrogen equivalence. When moisture-sensitive formulations are used, the dye should be pre-dried at 80 °C for 4 h under vacuum ≤0.08 MPa before dispersion. Isocyanate compatibility trials per ISO 4624 adhesion pull-off testing are recommended after the first production batch. Avoid amine-based co-solvents in the pigment predispersion stage; they accelerate premature urethane formation and reduce pot life.
For liquid inks and industrial coatings, the powder grade is dispersed in a high-speed disperser with tip speed 18–25 m/s and a vessel diameter-to-cowles-blade diameter ratio of 2.8–3.0. The product is charged at 0.5–3.0 wt% on total solids. Rheology control during dispersion uses grind gauge readings; the acceptance target is ≤10 µm after 20–30 min of dispersion at 40–50 °C. In nitrocellulose-based wood coatings, the dye should be pre-dissolved in an appropriate oxygenated solvent at 10–15 % solids before addition to the letdown stage; direct powder addition can seed precipitate formation if the resin solution contains aromatic hydrocarbons at concentrations above 20 %.
In sulfur-cured elastomer compounds, addition at 0.5–2.0 phr does not normally alter vulcanization kinetics if the dye contains no free sulfur or accelerators. Mixing on a laboratory two-roll mill with roll temperature 40–60 °C and friction ratio 1.2:1 is used to evaluate batch-to-batch variation. Cure curves obtained with an oscillating disc rheometer per ISO 6502:2016 are compared for delta torque and t90. A shift in t90 greater than 0.5 min at 160 °C indicates dye-borne acidic or basic species that consume accelerator fragments. The product is not a scorch retarder; it cannot be used to adjust Mooney scorch time.
For sheetfed offset lithographic inks, the powder grade is dispersed in a varnish containing rosin-modified phenolic resin and linseed oil. The dispersion is processed on a three-roll mill with front roll temperature 25–35 °C and hydraulic pressure 0.4–0.8 MPa. Grind fineness should reach 12.5 µm on a NPIRI grindometer. High oil absorption values above 60 g/100 g per ISO 787-5 can increase varnish demand and reduce gloss; therefore the product is supplied with an oil absorption specification range rather than a single maximum.
| Obligation | Acceptance criterion | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| REACH Annex XVII azo dye restriction | ≤30 mg/kg listed aromatic amine per finished article | EN 14362-1:2012 |
| RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU lead | ≤1000 mg/kg | IEC 62321-5:2013 |
| RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU cadmium | ≤100 mg/kg | IEC 62321-5:2013 |
| CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 classification | Safety data sheet must identify any dye-specific hazards | Supplier SDS |
Dry powder acceptance by laser diffraction per ISO 13320:2020 typically specifies a median particle size D50 between 10 µm and 20 µm and a D90 no greater than 45 µm. Oversize particles above 45 µm are the primary cause of visible specking in thin films and of three-roll mill scratch marks in lithographic ink. Therefore, sieve residue per ISO 787-7 is monitored on every production lot. When a high-speed disperser is used without subsequent milling, the practical dispersion limit is a Hegman gauge reading of 6–7; finer particle size requires a horizontal pearl mill with 0.6–1.0 mm zirconium oxide beads. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, and end users should establish lot-specific dispersion curves.
For PVC calendering and plastisol applications, the dye is dispersed as a pigment paste in DINP or DIDP at 30–50 % solids before addition to the paste. Calendering equipment with roll temperatures 150–180 °C and residence times 2–5 min carries the risk of thermal degradation if the dye is heat-sensitive; thermogravimetric analysis per ISO 11358-1 should show mass loss below 1 % at 180 °C for 30 min. In flexible PVC lines, the dye must not be combined with lead-based stabilizers at processing temperatures above 190 °C because transition-metal interactions can shift shade and reduce thermal stability. The product is not compatible with concentrated oxidizing agents; chemical incompatibility trials should be executed before scale-up.
