| HS Code | 118742 |
| Product Name | OLED Functional Dye |
| Manufacturer | Idemitsu Kosan |
| Grade | Electronic/EL Grade |
| Appearance | Powder or solid crystalline material |
| Purity | Highly purified to >99% (HPLC) |
| Solubility | Soluble in common organic solvents such as toluene, chloroform, and dichloromethane |
| Photoluminescence Quantum Yield Plqy | High, suitable for electroluminescence applications |
| Emission Color | Tunable depending on molecular structure, typically blue to red emission |
| Glass Transition Temperature Tg | Usually high, often above 100°C for thermal stability |
| Homo Level | Optimized for charge injection in OLED devices |
| Lumo Level | Optimized for electron transport balance |
| Thermal Decomposition Temperature | Typically above 300°C |
| Storage Condition | Store in a cool, dry, inert environment away from light and moisture |
| Packaging | Sealed glass or aluminum container under inert gas |
As an accredited OLED Functional Dye Idemitsu Kosan Electronic/EL Grade factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | This OLED functional dye is supplied as 1 g in a glass bottle; Idemitsu Kosan Electronic/EL Grade for electronics use. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loading of OLED functional dye, Idemitsu Kosan Electronic/EL grade, secured, sealed, and temperature-controlled for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Ship as a moisture- and light-sensitive electronic chemical in sealed, inert containers. Avoid exposure to air, humidity, and high temperatures. Transport in dry, ventilated packaging with proper labeling. Ensure compatibility with hazardous material regulations and use grounding if required. Handle with PPE to prevent contamination and protect product integrity. |
| Storage | Store in a clean, dry, cool environment away from direct light and ignition sources. Keep the original container tightly sealed, ideally under an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, to prevent moisture and oxygen contamination. Handle with appropriate PPE, avoid prolonged exposure to air, and use immediately after opening. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 12 months when stored unopened in a cool, dry, dark environment at controlled room temperature. |
Idemitsu Kosan Electronic/EL Grade OLED functional dye is specified for vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE) deposition of emissive layers in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device manufacturing. The material is supplied as a sublimation-purified molecular emitter or emission-layer dopant, and its downstream use is confined to high-vacuum co-evaporation processes in which the condensed film composition is controlled by deposition rate ratio rather than by bulk mixing. This electronic/EL grade is handled in cleanrooms meeting ISO 14644-1 Class 5 or better, and production lots are typically qualified against residual alkali metal content, total organic impurity, and sublimation residue criteria that are set in the fab-specific material acceptance specification. The downstream scenarios presented below—active-matrix display RGB emission, white OLED television, general lighting panels, automotive exterior OLED lamps, high-density microdisplays, and flexible foldable display stacks—represent verified application sectors only. No claim is made for solution-processed OLED emission layers, printed electronics, or other sectors without an established vacuum-evaporated OLED architecture. Published data for non-evaporated coating formulations of this material are limited.
In active-matrix OLED (AMOLED) RGB deposition for smartphone panels, the Idemitsu Kosan Electronic/EL Grade dye is co-evaporated with a host material from independent multi-zone Knudsen cells or linear sources. The formulation addition ratio is expressed as the dopant mass percentage in the condensed film relative to the total emissive layer mass. For red and green phosphorescent devices, production lines commonly maintain the dopant film fraction within 5–10 wt%; for blue fluorescent or hyperfluorescent stacks, the fraction is more commonly 3–8 wt%, depending on the host triplet energy and carrier balance. The ratio is not prepared by pre-blending powders but is maintained by closed-loop quartz crystal microbalance feedback that translates individual deposition rates into the final film fraction. Industry compliance for this segment is anchored to IEC 62341-5-1 for environmental testing of OLED display panels, IEC 62341-6-1 for optical and electro-optical measurement conditions, RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU as amended by (EU) 2015/863 under Article 4(1), REACH Regulation EC 1907/2006 Article 33 SVHC notification, and IEC 62474 material declaration. During downstream production, the dye is loaded into quartz or alumina crucibles after vacuum bake-out, and the source is conditioned under a process pressure no higher than 5×10⁻⁴ Pa. Deposition proceeds at substrate temperatures between 20 °C and 40 °C for rigid LTPS backplanes, with total emissive layer thickness typically 20–40 nm. A recurrent line issue is source spitting when outgassing is not fully completed; production setups therefore apply a gradual rate ramp of 0.1–0.3 Å/s during source soak and then stabilize within ±0.05 Å/s to limit intra-pixel thickness drift. The terminal product type is the smartphone AMOLED display module using a side-by-side RGB emission layer architecture with fine metal mask patterning. If the dye is used below the recommended film fraction, charge trapping may become insufficient; above the range, concentration quenching and excimer emission can reduce external quantum efficiency. Published efficiency data for this exact grade under smartphone-specific current density conditions are limited, but process records indicate that deposition rate stability is the primary manufacturing variable controlling batch-to-batch chromaticity.
On Gen 8.5 oxide TFT backplane lines, white OLED television manufacturing uses the electronic/EL grade functional dye not as a standalone RGB layer but as one of several emissive components inside a multi-unit tandem stack. In this configuration, the formulation addition ratio for the blue emissive unit is typically kept between 3–7 wt% in the host, while the green and red/yellow emitting units within the same stack are adjusted to 7–12 wt% to maintain white-point stability after color filtering. The ratio in white OLED television production is governed less by raw PPI patterning than by the need to balance exciton allocation across two or three emission units and to limit voltage rise over 10,000-hour operation. Industry compliance standards include IEC 62341-5-1 for display panel environmental test methods, IEC 62341-6-1 for optical measuring conditions, IEC 62471:2006 for photobiological safety of the emitted light, RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, REACH Regulation EC 1907/2006 Article 33, and IEC 62474 for substance declaration. Downstream production is performed by vacuum thermal evaporation on mother glass using linear sources that scan across the substrate, with deposition uniformity held within ±3% to prevent visible color shift after white-point mapping and color filter integration. The tandem stack typically includes charge generation layers between emissive units, and the dye is co-evaporated only within its designated host, never as a neat layer. Source-to-substrate gap variation, crucible thermal gradients, and mask-frame heating must be compensated by source temperature control, because the material is sensitive to overheating above its stable evaporation window. The terminal product type is the large-format UHD white OLED television module, incorporating a color filter array rather than a fine metal mask RGB architecture. Published data on voltage-rise coefficients for this specific Idemitsu Kosan Electronic/EL Grade in tandem television stacks are limited, but prolonged source stabilization at 0.5–1.0 Å/s is common to avoid material decomposition by-products that accelerate dark spot formation.
In general illumination, the same electronic/EL grade dye is incorporated into a p-i-n tandem white OLED stack where the manufacturing challenge is not pixel-level resolution but large-area luminance homogeneity and lifetime under continuous forward bias. The formulation addition ratio in a lighting-grade white stack is held between 4–8 wt% for the blue emissive unit and between 5–10 wt% for the red and green emitters, with the exact fraction adjusted to keep correlated color temperature within the specified bin and to minimize differential aging. Because lighting panels operate at lower brightness than display emitters but for much longer cumulative lifetimes, the dopant fraction is often biased toward the lower half of the solubility window to reduce concentration quenching and to prevent excimer emission at elevated operating temperature. Compliance for this downstream segment is defined by IEC 62922 for OLED panel performance requirements for general lighting, IEC 62471:2006 for photobiological safety classification, IEC 60598-1 for end-product luminaire safety, RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, REACH Regulation EC 1907/2006 Article 33, and IEC 62474 material declaration. The production process is sheet-to-sheet vacuum thermal evaporation onto ITO-coated glass or flexible barrier substrates, using linear evaporation sources and controlled maskless deposition to build a full-area p-i-n structure. After deposition, the panel is encapsulated with a glass lid, a desiccant edge seal, and an outcoupling film, because moisture ingress above the specified water vapor transmission rate will rapidly degrade the emissive layer. A specific process boundary is that the dye is not suitable for solution-based slot-die or inkjet coating; attempts to transfer this vacuum evaporation grade to solvent-borne ink systems are not supported by published performance data. The terminal product type is the architectural OLED lighting panel used in general illumination luminaires, wall-mounted panels, and decorative lighting modules. The dominant failure mode observed on production lines is lateral luminance non-uniformity caused by source flux drift, not by dye lot variation, so in-line photoluminescence mapping after deposition is used to reject panels before encapsulation.
In automotive rear combination lamp production, the thermal and photometric boundary placed on the Idemitsu Kosan Electronic/EL Grade dye is narrower than in residential lighting because exterior lamps must pass vehicle-level environmental and durability tests. The formulation addition ratio in an automotive OLED emissive layer is commonly maintained between 6–12 wt% in a high-glass-transition-temperature host, with the higher dopant fraction used where higher luminance per unit area is required to meet legally specified stop-lamp intensities. The ratio is validated not only by initial chromaticity but also by spectral shift after high-temperature storage and humidity exposure. Industry compliance for this segment includes ECE Regulation No. 6 for direction indicators, ECE Regulation No. 7 for rear position and stop lamps, FMVSS 108 for the North American market, AEC-Q102 for discrete optoelectronic devices, IATF 16949 for production quality management, and IEC 62474 for material declaration. Production proceeds by vacuum thermal evaporation onto pre-patterned ITO electrodes, followed by thin-film encapsulation or glass cap sealing, and the finished lamp module is subjected to 85 °C/85% RH storage for 1000 h, thermal cycling from −40 °C to +85 °C, and photometric verification at each OEM-defined angle. The dye must retain its emission spectrum after such exposure, and any host-dopant phase separation or diffusion toward the hole-blocking interface is treated as a qualification failure. Because automotive OLED lamps run at elevated junction temperature under sunlight load, the material is loaded into sources with stricter outgassing control and the deposition rate is kept below 1.0 Å/s to avoid thermal decomposition that may not be visible until after environmental stress. The terminal product type is the OLED rear combination lamp, thin exterior signal lamp, or decorative interior ambient light module. Published data for the exact high-temperature behavior of this electronic/EL grade in automotive stacks are limited; qualification therefore requires customer-specific lamp-level environmental aging rather than reliance on supplier-generated device data alone.
When the electronic/EL grade dye is used in OLED microdisplays for virtual reality and augmented reality headsets, the critical process boundary shifts from large-area source uniformity to micro-pixel pad definition above 3000 ppi on silicon backplanes. The formulation addition ratio is maintained between 5–12 wt% in the host, with the exact fraction determined by the current density required to achieve acceptable brightness through a small optical exit pupil without incurring excessive triplet-polaron annihilation or efficiency roll-off. Unlike smartphone RGB deposition, microdisplay production often uses a continuous white OLED stack plus a color filter array on a CMOS wafer, so the dye is co-evaporated as part of a white emissive architecture rather than patterned through a fine metal mask. Compliance for this segment includes IEC 62341-6-1 for optical measurement conditions, IEC 62471:2006 for photobiological safety of near-eye emission, IEC 62368-1 for end-product electrical safety, RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, REACH Regulation EC 1907/2006 Article 33, and IEC 62474 for material declaration. The downhill production process is performed on 200 mm or 300 mm silicon wafers with pre-formed backplane circuits, followed by vacuum thermal evaporation of the organic stack, wafer-level thin-film encapsulation, and color filter deposition. The dye must remain stable during wafer-level processing temperatures that can exceed display-level temperatures during dielectric and passivation steps, so thermal desorption spectroscopy is used to confirm that the emissive layer does not degrade before encapsulation. A practical limitation is that published data for this specific Idemitsu Kosan Electronic/EL Grade in microdisplay white stacks under sustained current densities above 1 mA/cm² are limited. The terminal product type is the high-density OLED microdisplay module used in VR/AR headsets, head-up display viewfinders, and vision-system eyepieces. Production experience shows that the dominant yield loss is subpixel shorting at pad edges when the host-dopant film is deposited too thickly, so total emissive layer thickness is kept below 30 nm and the source-to-wafer distance is tightly controlled.
After thin-film encapsulation, flexible foldable OLED module lines convert the same sublimation-purified electronic/EL grade dye into dynamic display stacks on polyimide substrates, where the limiting factor is mechanical neutral plane alignment rather than vapor pressure. The formulation addition ratio in a foldable display emissive layer is commonly held between 3–8 wt% for blue emitters and 5–10 wt% for red and green emitters, similar to rigid AMOLED stacks, but the host system is selected for a glass transition temperature above 150 °C and low tensile modulus to survive repeated bending. Compliance for this downstream segment includes IEC 62715-6-1 for flexible display mechanical stress testing, IEC 62341-5-1 for environmental test methods, RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, REACH Regulation EC 1907/2006 Article 33, and IEC 62474 material declaration. The production route uses slot-die or spin-formed polyimide on carrier glass, thin-film transistor formation, vacuum thermal evaporation of the OLED stack, thin-film encapsulation, laser lift-off, and subsequent flexible module lamination. The electronic/EL grade dye is deposited only by VTE; it is not introduced into the polyimide or barrier coatings. A specific process boundary is that the deposition mask alignment on plastic substrates is more sensitive to thermal expansion than on glass, so substrate temperature is held below 60 °C during organic layer growth, and the deposition rate is kept stable at 0.5–1.0 Å/s to avoid film roughness that can nucleate bending cracks. The terminal product type is the foldable smartphone or foldable tablet OLED display module with an exposed flexible region or an entirely flexible display stack. Because thin-film encapsulation must cover the emission layer without defining a crack propagation path through the dye-containing layer, the neutral plane is engineered so that the organic stack experiences approximately zero tensile strain at the required fold radius. Published data for cyclic fold endurance of this exact grade are limited, and qualification must be performed at the module level under the bend radius and cycle count specified by the device manufacturer.
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The OLED Functional Dye Idemitsu Kosan Electronic/EL Grade is a sublimation-purified molecular emitter intended for guest–host co-evaporation in vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting diode emissive layers. In manufacturing practice, the material is loaded into a quartz or alumina crucible inside a nitrogen glovebox, transferred to a point or linear thermal evaporation source, and co-deposited with a host matrix at base pressures below 5 × 10⁻⁵ Pa. The grade designation refers to a controlled purity and handling classification rather than a single compound identity; lot-specific internal product codes and certificate-of-analysis parameters define the exact sublimation onset, molecular weight, and optical band gap. No single public model number covers all dye species in this class, because the Electronic/EL suffix is appended to compound-specific supplier codes.
Because the Electronic/EL Grade is used in display and lighting stacks with emission-zone thicknesses routinely below 30 nm, the supplier control philosophy is aimed at reducing non-luminous recombination sites: trace-metal quenching, residual solvent outgassing, particle-induced dark spots, and lot-to-lot shifts in sublimation onset. Published numerical specifications for the Idemitsu Kosan product in public documents are limited, but the industrial qualification pathway consistently includes high-performance liquid chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The product is therefore not interchangeable with lower-cost research dyes that may meet nominal fluorescence quantum yield but not continuous-deposition cleanliness requirements.
For a molecular OLED dye, organic purity as measured by HPLC-UV is a necessary but insufficient predictor of device lifetime. Metal impurities can coordinate with the aromatic core or charged states, and residual high-boiling impurities can lower the effective stability of the emissive layer. Electronic/EL Grade lot release therefore links identity, purity, thermal behaviour, and contamination. The matrix below summarizes the qualification categories normally recorded on the supplier CoA or evaluated during incoming inspection.
| Qualification category | Analytical method or controlled condition | Process-control relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical identity | Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with electrospray and atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization; comparison against lot-specific reference | Confirms emitter molecular target before device scheduling |
| Organic purity | HPLC-UV at 254 nm and 450 nm; area-percent release on CoA | Detects non-emissive impurities that can act as charge traps |
| Trace-metal burden | ICP-MS after microwave-assisted acid digestion; method aligned to USP 233 | Controls Na, K, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Pd residues that quench excitons or shift injection barriers |
| Residual solvent and volatile organic content | Headspace GC-MS after sealed heating; total ion chromatogram and low-molecular-mass fragment monitoring | Prevents chamber pressure rise and film outgassing during source bakeout |
| Particle burden | Liquid particle counting after 0.22 μm membrane dissolution | Reduces dark-spot nucleation in 100 nm emissive films |
| Thermal transitions | DSC per ISO 11357-1:2023; TGA per ISO 11358-1:2022 | Confirms non-polymeric crystallinity and decomposition margin above sublimation onset |
| Container atmosphere | Headspace O₂ and H₂O analysis; backfill with 99.9999% nitrogen | Limits oxidative degradation during transit and storage |
A lot that fails organic purity but passes trace-metal analysis may still produce acceptable photoluminescence in solution and poor electroluminescence in a device. For this reason, incoming inspection at production facilities involves a calibrated quartz crystal microbalance deposition strip in addition to documentary review. The strip is typically performed at a fixed source current and background pressure, with film thickness measured by stylus profilometry or spectroscopic ellipsometry after deposition.
The deposition process most commonly associated with the Electronic/EL Grade is co-sublimation from independent point or linear sources. In a linear source with multiple crucible cells, the dopant source and host source are heated separately, and the dopant crucible is often operated at a lower temperature than the host. The rate response to crucible temperature is exponential; a shift in apparent sublimation onset of 2–4 °C between lots can change film thickness by more than 10% at fixed power if closed-loop quartz crystal microbalance control is not used. Deposition tools used for this class of material include vertical cluster systems with base pressure near 5 × 10⁻⁵ Pa and source-to-substrate distances from 30 cm to 70 cm depending on substrate size and shadow-mask alignment scheme.
Quartz crystal microbalance monitoring is a relative rate signal. Its sensitivity changes with crystal loading, acoustic impedance mismatch, and source-to-crystal location. Therefore absolute thickness calibration against an optical or contact profilometry standard is required for each material and tool configuration. In co-evaporation of a fluorescent dopant with an anthracene-derived host, the dopant rate is typically adjusted to produce a mass fraction near 3–5 wt%; the optimum is determined by device experiments because concentration quenching, Dexter transfer, and phase separation respond non-linearly to guest loading. Process engineers often record a deposition-rate stability trace over 50 h at constant power before accepting a lot for continuous production.
The dominant early-campaign failure is not chemical decomposition but thermal-lag overshoot. When the source power is ramped, the crucible support and heat shielding store energy, and the QCM signal can overshoot after the shutter opens. Production sequences mitigate this by preheating the source to a sub-threshold temperature for 10–20 min with the substrate shutter closed, then opening the shutter only after the rate signal has remained within ±0.005 nm/s for at least 60 s. Conversely, long campaigns can show gradual rate drift downward because nonvolatile residue accumulates at the crucible lip and reduces the effective aperture. Point sources are more sensitive to this aperture shadowing than linear sources; point-source campaigns may require crucible replacement or cleaning after 20–40 h of continuous emission, depending on lot residue and power density.
The Electronic/EL Grade differs from wet-processable OLED dyes in formulation and film-formation logic. A solution-processable ink contains a host polymer or small-molecule host, solvents such as anisole, toluene, or mesitylene, and often a wetting agent; the Electronic/EL Grade is supplied as a neat sublimable solid without solvents or dispersants. This distinction removes the drying-induced thickness gradient and coffee-ring defects seen in inkjet-patterned films, but it also narrows the thermal processing window and demands vacuum equipment. Compared with research-grade dyes from the same chemistry class, the Electronic/EL Grade is not necessarily higher in HPLC area percent alone; the practical difference is the completeness of trace-metal documentation and the consistency of sublimation behaviour across multiple lots.
Solution-processed guest–host films can be thicker and are more tolerant of isolated particle defects because the wet film planarizes around particles. Vapor-deposited emissive layers below 30 nm do not planarize. A single 0.5 μm particle can shadow the deposition flux and create a local thickness anomaly that extends several micrometers beyond the particle diameter, producing a visible dark feature in a direct-view display. This is why particle control in the Electronic/EL Grade is a specification class rather than a descriptive statement. The grade is also not a host, hole-transport, or electron-transport material; it is a low-band-gap emitter used at low concentration in the emissive layer.
Replacement of a wet-blended emissive layer by a sublimation-grade dopant changes the deposition sequence and the adjacent transport-layer boundary. The dye is introduced as a co-evaporant with a host, typically at a guest-to-host ratio that must be re-optimized after the stack architecture changes. Device engineers re-characterize current–voltage–luminance curves, electroluminescent spectra, angular emission, and lifetime at a fixed current density such as 10 mA/cm². Host selection depends on spectral overlap with the dye absorption and emission, on the host singlet or triplet level, and on the thermal properties of the mixture. If the host–dye mixture phase-separates at elevated operating temperature, exciton quenching at domain boundaries reduces luminance and causes non-uniform aging.
The absence of residual solvent is a key advantage in a vacuum deposition stack, but it also removes a plasticizing component that can partially compatibilize otherwise poorly miscible materials. Therefore the Electronic/EL Grade must be tested for miscibility with candidate hosts across the deposition composition range, usually by differential scanning calorimetry for melting-point depression or glass-transition shifts. For blue-emitting fluorescent systems, film-thickness nonuniformity greater than ±5% across the active area translates into visible mura under low-gray driving conditions. The dye is therefore introduced into the same shadow-mask-patterned process as red and green dopants after separate rate calibration.
Published device-level lifetime data for the exact Idemitsu Kosan Electronic/EL Grade in an IEC-defined display module are limited. Qualification at the end-user facility is typically performed with accelerated DC aging at constant current density and elevated ambient temperature, with failure defined as LT80 or LT90 relative to initial luminance. The resulting lifetime is always stack-specific and cannot be assigned to the dopant alone.
The operational boundary for this material is governed by the same reactivity that makes the dye sensitive to oxidative dark-spot formation. After opening, transfer must be performed in a glovebox with oxygen and moisture below 0.1 ppm. Ambient-air exposure of more than 15 min can introduce carbonyl or peroxide species that reduce electroluminescence lifetime, and repeated pressure cycling can cause condensation on cold container walls. Unopened containers are stored between −20 °C and 5 °C in light-tight packaging; lyophilization is not required because the material is a dry solid.
The product should not be contacted with chlorinated solvents, acidic supports, or iron-based oxygen scavengers unless the specific lot is qualified for such exposure. Iron powder scavengers can shed fine particles into the transfer port and are therefore removed from all operations near the evaporation source. Compliance documentation may be requested under RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II and REACH EC 1907/2006; routine restricted-metal testing can follow IEC 62321-5:2013 for cadmium and lead and IEC 62321-7-1:2015 for hexavalent chromium. The supplier's quality system is typically certified to ISO 9001:2015, but that certification does not replace lot-specific analytical release for trace-metal and sublimation residue.
The Electronic/EL Grade is not suitable for solution-processed inkjet deposition unless reformulated with wetting agents and solvents. Neat sublimation-grade material may dissolve slowly or incompletely in common aromatic solvents, and the reformulated ink would require a new stability and purity study. For applications requiring direct solution processing, a separately formulated ink product or a lower-grade dye with controlled solvent compatibility is selected instead of this product.
