| HS Code | 709782 |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Color | Light yellow to amber |
| Odor | Mild characteristic |
| Specific Gravity 20 C | 1.02 - 1.08 |
| Viscosity 25 C | 50 - 150 cP |
| Flash Point | >100°C |
| Solubility In Water | Dispersible |
| Ph 1 Solution | 6.0 - 8.0 |
| Active Content | 30 - 50% |
| Boiling Point | 100°C |
| Freezing Point | <0°C |
| Shelf Life | 12 months when stored properly |
As an accredited Functional Additives XP Series factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Functional Additives XP Series are packaged in 25 kg sealed multi-layer bags, palletized and shrink-wrapped for safe transport and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20' FCL of Functional Additives XP Series: palletized, labeled, and secured to prevent shifting during transit. |
| Shipping | Functional Additives XP Series are shipped in sealed, corrosion-resistant containers to prevent contamination and moisture ingress. Transport follows strict hazardous-material protocols, with proper labeling and documentation. Products are protected from extreme temperatures and physical damage. Expedited and standard freight options are available, ensuring safe, compliant delivery worldwide. |
| Storage | Store Functional Additives XP Series in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and incompatible materials. Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Maintain recommended temperature range and ensure proper labeling. Follow local regulations and use appropriate handling procedures to ensure safety and product integrity. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life: 24 months from date of manufacture when stored unopened in a cool, dry place. |
Substitution of lead-based stabiliser packages in rigid poly(vinyl chloride) profile extrusion compresses the heat-stability window to a point where a barrel temperature deviation of ±5°C at the metering zone shifts torque and gelation time beyond acceptable limits. On a conical twin-screw extruder with screw diameter 54/110 mm and L/D 25:1 running a 12-cavity calibration table at 380 kg/h, the stabilized compound is dry-blended in a hot mixer to 115°C and cooled to 42°C before extrusion; residual moisture above 0.2% in the dry blend causes die-head surging and thickness variation exceeding 0.05 mm across the profile width. Functional Additives XP Series is incorporated as a pelletized lubricant/co-stabiliser package at 1.2 phr to 2.8 phr, with the lower limit set by insufficient metal release suppression and the upper limit by plate-out deposits on calibration plates. The formulation must comply with EN 12608-1:2016 for light-coloured non-coated PVC-U profiles and with the lead restriction thresholds of REACH Annex XVII; colour retention after xenon-arc exposure is assessed under ISO 4892-2:2013 with grey scale rating per ISO 105-A02:1993, and thermal stability is measured by HCl evolution under ISO 182-3:2010, with end-point conductivity below 50 µS/cm after 30 min at 200°C. Fusion behaviour is characterized on a torque rheometer according to ASTM D2538-18, with gelation time recorded between 90 s and 150 s at 180°C and 50 rpm, and process torque maintained below 22 N·m to avoid shear heating. Dynamic melt viscosity below 1,800 Pa·s at 190°C and 100 s⁻¹ correlates with onset of external lubricant migration and plate-out on calibrator surfaces. Incompatibility is observed with amine-based co-stabilisers, which cause premature crosslinking and brown streaks in the die head; pre-drying is required only when the compound is stored above 60% relative humidity because moisture uptake raises volatiles and generates surface splay. Downstream production proceeds through twin-screw extrusion at barrel temperatures from 175°C to 195°C, followed by vacuum sizing, embossing, and cut-to-length. Finished product types include window main profiles, sash profiles, door frame sections, and glazing bead profiles.
In three-layer LLDPE blown film, the onset of blocking force hysteresis is governed as much by slip additive migration kinetics as by bulk concentration. On a coextrusion line with die diameter 400 mm, die gap 2.0 mm, blow-up ratio 2.5:1, and frost line height 650 mm, the outer layers contain an antiblock concentrate and a migrating slip agent, while the core layer carries a processing aid grade from the XP Series at 200 ppm to 600 ppm by weight. The slip additive addition ratio is held between 500 ppm and 1,200 ppm; above 1,200 ppm, the coefficient of friction under ASTM D1894-14 does not decrease further but printing-press failures increase because surface energy drops below 35 mN/m as measured by contact angle. The coefficient of friction falls from 0.35 to 0.12 between 24 h and 72 h after film winding, but below 0.10 the film surface cannot be adhered by water-based inks without corona treatment above 60 mN/m. Blocking force is evaluated by ASTM D3354-15, with 24-hour aging at 60°C and 0.5 kg load; a blocking load below 20 g/100 cm² is required for high-speed bag conversion. Compliance for food contact uses FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 for olefin polymers and EU 10/2011, while the antiblock type must satisfy EU 10/2011 Annex I migration limits for silicon dioxide and talc. The production process is direct extrusion from pellet blends, with barrier screw profile at 90 rpm and melt temperature 210°C to 225°C; pre-drying is not required below 60% relative humidity, but condensation on granule surfaces at higher humidity causes melt pressure oscillation between 180 bar and 240 bar and visible gel streaks. Terminal finished product types include bread bags, freezer films, stretch-wrap outer layers, and greenhouse cover film; the latter requires UV stabilizer addition at 0.3% and haze below 8% per ASTM D1003-21.
When glass-fibre-reinforced polyamide 66 is injection moulded for electrical and under-hood applications, melt residence time at the barrel wall determines the extent of oxidative degradation and the frequency of black specks in the molded part. The XP Series is added at 0.2 wt% to 0.8 wt% as a heat-stabilizer/processing package, with the ratio adjusted according to regrind content; a regrind fraction above 30% shifts the dosage toward the upper limit to control viscosity loss below 10% as measured by ISO 1133-1:2022 melt-flow-rate testing at 275°C and 5 kg. Requirements include UL 94 V-0 at 0.75 mm thickness where flame-retardant grades are specified and RoHS 2011/65/EU restricted-substance compliance for electrical components. Drying is mandatory at 80°C for 4 h to 6 h to a moisture content below 0.1%; injection moulding is performed with clamp force from 1,200 kN to 2,500 kN, barrel profile from 270°C to 295°C, and back pressure between 30 bar and 50 bar. A mold temperature of 100°C reduces flow marks on glass-filled parts but raises cycle time by approximately 15%; the XP Series does not eliminate the need for external mold release in deep-draw geometries. Finished products include automotive sensor brackets, electrical connectors, and appliance internal structural components.
On a counter-rotating twin-screw wood-plastic composite extrusion line producing 40 mm × 150 mm hollow decking at 450 kg/h, residual moisture in wood flake above 0.8% causes steam pitting at the die exit and reduces the flexural modulus below the minimum specified for structural decking. The XP Series is added at 1.5 phr to 2.5 phr as a coupling-enhancing and lubrication package, with the lower limit bounded by increased melt pressure above 220 bar and the upper limit by screw slippage and throughput loss. The formulation is evaluated under ASTM D7032-21 for decking products and EN 15534-1:2014 for wood-plastic composites; flexural strength and stiffness are tested by ASTM D7032-21, and coefficient of thermal expansion is limited to 3.5 × 10⁻⁵ mm/mm/°C. The production process uses a 75 mm counter-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 28:1, pre-dried wood flour at 100°C for 2 h, die temperature between 160°C and 175°C, and inline embossing; board surface temperature at the embossing station is maintained between 135°C and 150°C, while a cooling water temperature below 20°C promotes stress cracking in thick sections. Finished product types include solid and hollow decking boards, cladding planks, fencing profiles, and railing components.
The replacement of halogenated flame-retardant systems in polyolefin-based wire insulation with aluminium trihydrate at loadings above 60 phr reduces melt fluidity to the point where shear heating at the screw tip raises local melt temperature above the ATH dehydration threshold of approximately 220°C. The XP Series is incorporated at 0.5 wt% to 1.0 wt% as a processing-promoter and antioxidant dispersion package; the addition ratio is kept below 1.0 wt% because higher dosage can delay flame-out time and increase dripping during the vertical burn test. The finished insulation is tested by IEC 60811-508:2012 for heat deformation, with a maximum indentation of 50% after 1 h at 150°C, and by ISO 6722-1:2011 for automotive primary cable abrasion resistance. The production line uses a 70 mm single-screw extruder with L/D 30:1, crosshead die, and melt temperature 150°C to 170°C; pre-drying of ATH is required at 110°C for 6 h to reduce moisture below 0.2% and prevent microvoids. Line speed is set between 120 m/min and 260 m/min depending on conductor cross-section; at speeds below 80 m/min, residence time in the crosshead raises local melt temperature and increases the risk of pre-crosslinked gel particles. Finished products include building wire insulation, photovoltaic cable jackets, and automotive primary wire insulation.
Re-extrusion of post-consumer PET bottle flake at 280°C on a vented single-screw extruder with L/D 33:1 is accompanied by intrinsic viscosity loss of 0.04 dL/g to 0.07 dL/g when flake moisture exceeds 50 ppm. The XP Series is added at 0.05 wt% to 0.15 wt% as a chain-extension and processing stabiliser; published data for this specific configuration is limited, so the dosage is adjusted in production based on intrinsic viscosity retention above 0.70 dL/g under ASTM D4603-18. Food-contact recycled PET must comply with EU 2022/1616 decontamination efficiency criteria and FDA 21 CFR 177.1630 for PET resins; the production process includes hot washing, flake drying at 160°C for 6 h, extrusion through a melt filtration system with parallel 60 µm screen changers, and optional solid-state polycondensation before subsequent conversion. The pressure drop across the screens is maintained below 80 bar; filter changes above 120 bar generate downstream thickness variation. Terminal finished product types include rPET sheet for thermoformed trays, strapping, and staple fibre.
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Functional Additives XP Series is a reactive additive platform for melt compounding of polyolefins and polyamides. The series comprises four commercial grades—XP-101, XP-102, XP-104, and XP-108—distinguished by backbone chemistry, grafted maleic anhydride content, and melt viscosity. The products are supplied as free-flowing cylindrical pellets with a bulk density of 0.55 g/cm³ to 0.62 g/cm³ and a residual moisture content of 0.08 wt% or less at the time of packaging. Standard packaging is 25 kg aluminum-lined bags, 20 bags per pallet, with a shelf life of 24 months from the date of manufacture when stored at 10°C to 30°C and relative humidity below 60%. Unlike conventional maleic anhydride–grafted polyolefins that may retain free maleic anhydride above 0.1 wt%, the XP Series is processed under reduced-pressure devolatilization to keep free maleic anhydride below 0.03 wt% when tested by acid-base titration after melt-stage vacuum stripping. Residual moisture is determined in accordance with ASTM D6980. This residual monomer control is relevant to die lip plate-out, mold deposit formation, and airborne exposure during compounding.
Table 1 lists typical release values for the four standard grades. These values are not upper or lower specification limits; lot-specific certificates of analysis report the determination method and the acceptance band for each parameter. Melt flow index is reported under ISO 1133-1:2022 at 230°C with a 2.16 kg load for polypropylene-based grades and at 190°C with a 2.16 kg load for polyethylene-based and elastomer-based grades. Density is reported under ISO 1183-1:2019.
| Grade | Backbone chemistry | Maleic anhydride graft level (wt%) | Melt flow index (g/10 min) | Density (g/cm³) | Free maleic anhydride (wt%) | Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XP-101 | Homopolymer polypropylene | 0.8 | 120 at 230°C/2.16 kg | 0.90 | <0.03 | Cylindrical pellets |
| XP-102 | Polypropylene impact copolymer | 1.1 | 45 at 230°C/2.16 kg | 0.91 | <0.02 | Cylindrical pellets |
| XP-104 | Ethylene-octene elastomer | 1.4 | 2.5 at 190°C/2.16 kg | 0.87 | <0.03 | Cylindrical pellets |
| XP-108 | Ethylene-butyl acrylate-maleic anhydride terpolymer | 3.0 | 6.0 at 190°C/2.16 kg | 0.94 | <0.05 | Cylindrical pellets |
The primary differentiation from conventional maleic anhydride–grafted polyolefins is the combination of low free maleic anhydride with a narrower melt flow index distribution. In compounding trials on a 40:1 L/D co-rotating twin-screw extruder, XP-101 at 1.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% in 30 wt% glass-filled polypropylene produced a tensile strength of 88 MPa to 92 MPa under ISO 527-2:2012 at 23°C. The tensile strength range is narrower than the 5 MPa to 7 MPa variation reported for standard maleic anhydride–grafted PP lots under the same filler loading. This consistency is attributed to reduced lot-to-lot variation in the graft level, which is controlled to ±0.05 wt%.
In a 40:1 L/D co-rotating twin-screw extruder configured with two side feeders and a vacuum vent at -0.08 bar to -0.09 bar, XP-102 is typically added at 1.5 wt% to 2.5 wt% to glass fiber reinforced polypropylene. The first barrel section after the main feed is kept at 200°C to 210°C, the melting and mixing zone at 220°C to 240°C, and the metering zone at 230°C to 240°C. Screw speed is set at 400 rpm to 550 rpm, with a specific mechanical energy input of 0.22 kWh/kg to 0.26 kWh/kg. Glass fiber is introduced through a side feeder at barrel zone 6 of 12, and the vacuum vent is located at barrel zone 10. Product temperature at the die is measured by an immersion thermocouple and should not exceed 245°C. When the melt temperature exceeds 250°C, the maleic anhydride half-amide formation with glass sizing can accelerate, leading to lumps in the melt filtration system. A screen pack of 60/100/60 mesh is recommended to trap these agglomerates. Screen pressure rises above 20 bar indicate that the addition level or melt temperature is outside the specification. Below 1.0 wt% XP-102, the adhesion between the glass fiber surface and the polypropylene matrix is insufficient to meet a notched Izod impact strength of 12 kJ/m² at 23°C under ISO 180/A. Above 3.0 wt%, the melt flow index of the compounded product declines to levels that can reduce filling of thin-wall injection mold cavities below 1.2 mm nominal wall thickness. At addition levels above 3.0 wt%, die pressure measured at the extruder head rises by 8% to 12% relative to the unfilled matrix at the same throughput. The processing window for XP-102 in this application is therefore 1.5 wt% to 2.5 wt%.
Die lip plate-out in reactive compounding is frequently driven by free maleic anhydride and low molecular weight grafted polymer fractions that migrate to the die surface under high shear. XP-104 is devolatilized under reduced pressure at the end of the reactive extrusion process, and free maleic anhydride is maintained below 0.03 wt%. The graft distribution is controlled by an organic peroxide initiation system with a half-life of 1 h at 130°C to 140°C, which reduces the concentration of ungrafted low molecular weight chains. On a 75 mm twin-screw extruder running a 25 wt% glass-filled polypropylene/impact copolymer compound at 500 kg/h, the interval between die lip cleaning was extended from 8 h to 16 h when XP-104 replaced a conventional MAH-grafted PP with free maleic anhydride above 0.1 wt%. The comparison was made at a die temperature of 240°C and a die hole diameter of 3 mm. This cleaning interval is line-specific and is not a product specification. At die temperatures above 300°C, the plate-out advantage is reduced because thermal degradation dominates over free monomer migration.
For polyamide 6,6 impact modification, XP-104 is introduced at 5 wt% to 12 wt% using a side feeder after the polyamide has reached a melt temperature of 260°C. Barrel temperatures are held between 260°C and 280°C. The polyamide must be pre-dried to less than 0.15 wt% moisture before compounding because residual water hydrolyzes the anhydride functionality and reduces coupling efficiency. The lower processing boundary is critical: below 250°C, the elastomer phase does not reach the viscosity ratio required for breakup and distribution, and notched Izod impact strength at -30°C under ISO 180/A varies by more than 12% between injection shots. Above 290°C, the maleic anhydride groups participate in secondary reactions that increase gel content and raise die pressure by 15% to 20% within 20 min of continuous running. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, but the die pressure increase is consistent with gel formation observed in reactive extrusion of anhydride-functionalized polyolefins. The processing window of 250°C to 280°C is narrower than that of non-reactive impact modifiers and requires heated zone temperature control within ±5°C. XP-104 should not be combined with primary amine-based heat stabilizers or amine-containing colorants because the amine end groups react preferentially with maleic anhydride and reduce coupling efficiency.
Recycled polypropylene feedstock often fluctuates in melt flow index by 15% to 40% between bales. XP-101 is applied as a rheology modifier at 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt% to reduce the standard deviation of the compounded melt flow index. The additive does not chain-extend in the manner of a peroxide-based visbreaker; it raises the high-shear viscosity of low-molecular-weight fractions by grafting onto terminal unsaturation. The effect is measured on a capillary rheometer at 230°C and an apparent shear rate of 1000 s-1. A reduction in melt flow index variability from ±12% to ±5% has been observed when the recycled fraction is pre-dried to below 0.1 wt% moisture and the extruder vacuum vent is maintained at -0.08 bar. Melt filtration with a 200 µm or finer screen pack is recommended to remove char particles that can nucleate gel formation around the additive. If the recycled stream contains more than 5 wt% of polyamide contamination, XP-101 is not recommended because the amine end groups of the polyamide react with the maleic anhydride groups.
Pre-drying is required when the product has been stored at relative humidity above 60% for more than 24 h. Drying should be conducted at 70°C to 80°C for 2 h to 3 h using a desiccant dryer with a dew point of -30°C or lower.
Each XP Series grade has a defined upper residence time at the melt temperature. XP-101 and XP-102 should not exceed 90 s of residence time above 200°C; XP-104 should not exceed 60 s above 280°C; XP-108 should not exceed 45 s above 230°C. Extended residence times promote vinyl formation and discoloration in the finished compound. In a 52:1 L/D extruder with a melt seal designed for high-throughput glass-filled PP, the use of XP-101 at 2.0 wt% resulted in a die pressure of 32 bar to 36 bar; switching to XP-102 at the same loading lowered die pressure by 5% to 8% because of the higher melt flow index of the base copolymer. These values are specific to the screw geometry and die configuration and cannot be transferred to other compounding lines without process mapping.
Table 2 lists regulatory compliance information that is applicable to the series when used in industrial polymer compounding. Food contact status is grade-specific and may require additional migration testing under the intended use conditions.
| Grade | REACH status | RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU | FDA 21 CFR status | Relevant test method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| XP-101 | Registered | Compliant | 21 CFR 177.1520 covered as polyolefin for food contact use subject to end-use restrictions | ISO 1133-1:2022, ASTM D6980 |
| XP-102 | Registered | Compliant | 21 CFR 177.1520 covered as polyolefin for food contact use subject to end-use restrictions | ISO 1133-1:2022, ASTM D6980 |
| XP-104 | Registered | Compliant | Not evaluated for food contact | ISO 1133-1:2022, ASTM D6980 |
| XP-108 | Registered | Compliant | Not evaluated for food contact | ISO 1133-1:2022, ASTM D6980 |
XP-108 is specified only for low-temperature compounding with ethylene-vinyl acetate or low-density polyethylene at melt temperatures between 190°C and 230°C. At these temperatures, the terpolymer acts as a coupling agent for magnesium hydroxide or aluminium trihydroxide flame-retardant fillers in halogen-free cable compounds. Loading levels of 2.0 wt% to 4.0 wt% are typical when the filler surface has not been pre-treated with aminosilane. The use of aminosilane-treated fillers at higher loadings can reduce the required XP-108 level because the silane provides an additional bond to the polymer matrix. However, at melt temperatures above 240°C, the ester comonomer begins to degrade and form acidic decomposition products that can corrode downstream calibrator tooling. This limitation is the reason XP-108 is not recommended for polyamide compounding or glass-filled polypropylene applications that operate above 240°C.
