| HS Code | 121136 |
| Resin Chemistry | Thermoplastic acrylic copolymer |
| Physical Form | Clear, viscous liquid |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow, transparent |
| Non Volatile Content | 50% ± 2% |
| Solvent | Aromatic hydrocarbon / ester mixture |
| Viscosity At 25 C | 3000–6000 mPa·s |
| Density At 20 C | 1.00–1.05 g/cm³ |
| Acid Value | ≤ 10 mg KOH/g |
| Hydroxyl Value | 80–120 mg KOH/g |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 10–20°C |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature | 5°C |
| Water Solubility | Insoluble |
| Flash Point | > 23°C |
| Refractive Index | 1.49 |
As an accredited Film-forming Resin Showa Denko factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Film-forming Resin Showa Denko is packaged in sealed 1 kg containers, protected from moisture and light for stability. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL shipment of Showa Denko film-forming resin, palletized and secured, with proper labeling and documentation for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Shipment of Showa Denko film-forming resin requires moisture-proof, airtight packaging to prevent contamination. Store away from heat, sparks, and incompatible materials. Use clean, dry equipment during transfer. Transport in ventilated, covered containers, securing drums upright. Follow local regulations for non-hazardous or possibly combustible solids, avoiding extreme temperatures and humidity. |
| Storage | Store Film-forming Resin Showa Denko in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, and open flames. Avoid moisture and contact with strong oxidizers. Maintain recommended temperature range, prevent contamination, and follow manufacturer’s label instructions for safe handling and shelf-life retention. |
| Shelf Life | Typically stable for 12 months if stored properly in original sealed containers away from heat and moisture. |
Ethanol-based pump and aerosol hair spray filling lines running Showa Denko film-forming resin at 2.0–5.0 wt% solids in 190-proof denatured ethanol require cold dissolution in closed stainless-steel vessels because ethanol vapor pressure at 20°C is 5.8 kPa, and unjacketed vessels can develop solvent loss above 25°C. The resin is added under low-shear propeller agitation at 300–600 rpm until liquid clarity reaches ≤10 NTU; subsequent addition of 0.10–0.30 wt% aminomethyl propanol adjusts neutralization to 90–100%, shifting film hardness from brittle to flexible without lowering the glass transition below 35°C. Aerosol back-filling with hydrocarbon propellant A-46 at 0.35–0.45 MPa gauge requires final concentrate viscosity of 10–25 mPa·s at 25°C, measured by ISO 2555 rotational viscometry, because higher viscosity causes valve stem fouling and spray cone collapse on production lines exceeding 120 cans/min. Regulatory anchors include EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009, US FDA 21 CFR 701.3 ingredient labeling, REACH registration, and California CARB VOC limits for hairspray at 55% by weight; ethanol-based systems above this require solvent replacement with acetone or methyl acetate. Terminal product types include pump hairspray, aerosol firm-hold spray, and spritz.
In water-based styling gel manufacturing, the powder grade is pre-dispersed in deionized water at 25–35°C under a vacuum mixer; pre-drying is required when storage RH exceeds 60% because carboxylated vinyl acetate copolymer absorbs surface water and forms lumps that survive 1,500 rpm rotor-stator dispersion. Addition ratio is 1.5–4.0 wt% solids on total formula. The critical processing variable is neutralization with 0.15–0.40 wt% aminomethyl propanol or sodium hydroxide to pH 6.5–7.5; below pH 6.0 the resin remains partially collapsed and contributes turbidity, while above pH 8.0 viscosity drifts upward over 72 h due to chain expansion. Production-scale batching records indicate that viscosity stability is maintained at 25°C ± 2°C; cooling faster than 1°C/min after neutralization can produce gel grain boundaries and uneven film deposition. Carbomer is added at 0.4–0.8 wt% as rheology modifier and must be fully hydrated before resin neutralization; combining the anionic resin with cationic conditioning polymer is not permitted because coacervation blocks 20 µm filtration and creates surface defects. Equipment includes vacuum mixing vessels with side-scraper agitation and recirculation through a 20–50 µm bag filter. Compliance anchors include ISO 22716:2007 manufacturing practice and ISO 11930 antimicrobial preservation challenge testing. Terminal product types are clear styling gel, curl defining cream, and wet-look pomade.
During production of anhydrous mascara and eyeliner on a triple-roller mill, the resin is added at 3.0–8.0 wt% solids as a film former dissolved in a volatile solvent blend of isododecane and cyclopentasiloxane; addition is made after the wax phase reaches 85–90°C and is held for 30 min to ensure complete solubilization. Pigment dispersion must pass a Hegman gauge reading of ≤10 µm before wax addition; residual agglomerates above 15 µm create visible specks in the dried film and increase batch rejection on automated filling lines. The cooling step through 45–55°C is controlled within ±3°C because candelilla and carnauba wax fractions crystallize in this window, and uncontrolled cooling causes resin migration to the air interface, reducing curl resistance and flex resistance. Filling into mascara bottles must occur at 35–40°C to prevent air entrapment and nozzle clogging. Regulatory anchors include FDA 21 CFR 73 and FDA 21 CFR 74 color additive listing for iron oxides and carbon black, EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 Article 14 restricted substance compliance, and REACH registration. Terminal product types are tubing mascara, waterproof eyeliner, and brow pomade.
Nail lacquer formulations use the film-forming resin as a co-film former at 2.0–7.0 wt% of total lacquer solids, where primary film formation is supplied by nitrocellulose at 10–15 wt% dry weight. The resin is dissolved in a solvent blend of butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and isopropanol; Hansen solubility parameter matching requires the alcohol fraction to remain below 20% because higher alcohol content retards evaporation and extends tack-free time beyond 120 s, causing surface defects on automated filling lines operating at 60–80 pieces/min. Production equipment includes explosion-proof dispersers and rotary filling pumps with solvent-resistant seals; viscosity after mixing is 300–600 mPa·s at 25°C, measured by ISO 2884-1. The resin is introduced at the let-down phase, not during pigment grind, to prevent nitrocellulose wetting interference. Compliance anchors include EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 for toluene-free formulations, FDA 21 CFR 73 for permitted colorants, and ASTM D333-01 for lacquer application film quality. Terminal product types are nail polish, ridge-filling base coat, and quick-dry top coat.
For water-resistance claims tested under ISO 16217, sunscreen emulsions use the resin at 0.5–2.0 wt% total formula, either pre-neutralized in the aqueous phase or dissolved in the oil phase depending on emulsion type. The resin functions as a film-reinforcing agent that reduces sunscreen migration after 40 min immersion; published data for this specific configuration is limited, so film continuity is validated using microscopic imaging and tape strip-off after immersion. Production uses high-pressure homogenization at 500–1,000 bar for oil-in-water systems; below 500 bar, droplet size remains above 5 µm and the resin film does not uniformly distribute across the dried interface. Addition order is critical: the resin must be added before ethylhexyl salicylate or avobenzone, as competitive solubilization can produce crystal deposition and SPF loss. Regulatory anchors include ISO 24444:2019 SPF testing, ISO 16217:2020 water resistance, EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 UV filter positive list, and FDA Sunscreen Innovation Act requirements. Terminal product types are water-resistant sun cream, sun spray, and sport sunscreen lotion.
When dry shampoo and volumizing root spray lines incorporate the powder resin at 0.8–2.5 wt% in ethanol or propellant blends, controlled moisture exclusion is required because powder contact with ambient air above 60% RH causes particle agglomeration in screw feed hoppers. The resin is dispersed in ethanol under high-shear mixing at 3,000–5,000 rpm using a rotor-stator homogenizer; starch and silica are added at 2.0–6.0 wt% to absorb sebum and must be held in suspension by the resin. Filling lines using bag-in-can aerosol systems require concentrate viscosity below 15 mPa·s at 25°C to avoid dip tube clogging; terminal valves with 0.30 mm stem orifices are used to produce a narrow cone spray. Compliance anchors include EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009, ISO 22716, and aerosol pressure vessel directive 2014/68/EU. Terminal product types are dry shampoo aerosol, volumizing root spray, and texturizing spray.
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Film-forming Resin Showa Denko is supplied as a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol powder with controlled residual acetate content. The product line is differentiated by two selection variables: apparent viscosity of a 4 wt% aqueous solution measured at 20 °C by JIS K 6726, and degree of hydrolysis expressed as mol% hydroxyl groups. The supplier’s model nomenclature attaches a viscosity-code suffix to the generic film-forming resin designation; downstream purchasing documents commonly identify the resin by viscosity midpoint and hydrolysis band rather than by a single trade model. Published certificate-of-analysis data for representative grades list cold-water-soluble material with hydrolysis of 86.5–89.0 mol%, apparent viscosity of 8.0–12.0 mPa·s, volatile content ≤5.0 wt%, ash as Na₂O ≤0.5 wt%, and pH of a 4 wt% solution at 20 °C in the range 5.0–7.0. The fully hydrolyzed series is specified at 98.0–99.3 mol% hydrolysis with viscosity of 20.0–30.0 mPa·s. The powder is white to pale yellow and has a bulk density of approximately 0.45–0.65 g/cm³; exact specifications vary by production site and should be confirmed against the manufacturer’s current technical data sheet.
| Parameter | Test method | Cold-water-soluble grade | Fully hydrolyzed grade |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 wt% aqueous solution viscosity | JIS K 6726 | 8.0–12.0 mPa·s | 20.0–30.0 mPa·s |
| Degree of hydrolysis | JIS K 6726 | 86.5–89.0 mol% | 98.0–99.3 mol% |
| Volatile content | ISO 3251 | ≤5.0 wt% | |
| Ash content | ISO 3451-1 | ≤0.5 wt% | |
| pH, 4 wt% solution | JIS K 6726 | 5.0–7.0 | |
The solubility behavior is governed by residual acetate group content and molecular weight, not by a single dissolution temperature. The cold-water-soluble grade begins hydration at 20–30 °C; complete molecular dispersion is achieved by heating to 60–80 °C. The fully hydrolyzed grade requires 85–95 °C for complete solubilization, and partial dissolution at lower temperatures can produce gel particles. A standard laboratory procedure disperses the powder into demineralized water at 25–35 °C under a high-shear disperser operated at a tip speed below 12 m/s, then heats the batch at 1 °C/min to the target temperature. Excessive shear after full dissolution can mechanically degrade the polymer chain; viscosity loss above 10 % after 60 min of high-shear mixing indicates chain scission. The solution is not compatible with borate salts; sodium tetraborate additions as low as 0.1 wt% of solution cause rapid gelation through diol complexation. Additives that buffer the system above pH 9.0 accelerate ester hydrolysis and cause downward viscosity drift during storage. Preservative compatibility should be confirmed by accelerated aging at 40 °C and 75 % RH, because some cationic preservatives can form insoluble complexes with the partially hydrolyzed polymer.
On production-scale water-soluble film casting lines, the low-viscosity cold-water-soluble grade is dissolved at 12–15 wt% solids in jacketed stainless-steel tanks equipped with a bottom-mounted Ross rotor-stator mixer. The solution is filtered through a 100 µm bag filter and degassed under vacuum at −0.08 MPa for 20–30 min before coating. Casting is performed on a slot-die line with a die lip gap of 250–400 µm and a wet coating thickness of 400–700 µm. Drying tunnel zones are commonly set at 90–120 °C in the first two zones and 60–80 °C in the final zone; air velocity is maintained at 8–15 m/s. Final film moisture at 23 °C and 50 % RH is 8–12 wt%. At these conditions, the dried film exhibits tensile strength of 55–75 MPa and elongation at break of 150–250 % when tested at 23 °C and 50 % RH according to ASTM D882. Water vapor transmission rate at 50 µm film thickness, 5 wt% glycerol plasticizer, 38 °C and 90 % RH under ASTM E96 is typically reported in the 30–60 g/(m²·d) range. Plasticizer type modifies this rate; glycerol increases equilibrium moisture, while sorbitol reduces migration in high-humidity storage. Published data for specific plant configurations is limited; the operating window must be confirmed by pilot trials because film flatness is sensitive to web tension and humidity control.
The rheological profile of the dissolved resin is pseudoplastic; apparent viscosity measured with a Brookfield LVT viscometer at 20 °C and 60 rpm may show 8.0–12.0 mPa·s for the cold-water grade at 4 wt%, but coating solutions at 12 wt% exhibit substantially higher low-shear viscosity. The high-shear viscosity within a slot-die channel is relevant to coatability, and published data for this specific configuration is limited. The drying window is bounded by two defects. At the lower bound, a first-zone temperature below 90 °C or air velocity below 5 m/s leaves excess water and can cause blocking on the chilled roller. At the upper bound, a first-zone temperature above 120 °C or web speed below 5 m/min can form a surface skin that traps water, producing blister defects and haze. The resin should be pre-dried at 60–80 °C for 2–4 h when storage relative humidity exceeds 60 %; without pre-drying, powder flow into the gravimetric feeder becomes erratic due to caking. Compared with commodity polyvinyl alcohol resins from other suppliers, the Showa Denko film former is specified with a narrower lot-to-lot viscosity variation and lower ash content, which reduces the frequency of cleavage defects in thin films. Unlike cellulosic film formers, the resin does not exhibit thermal gelation and can be dried at higher temperatures without surface wrinkling. Compared with polyvinylpyrrolidone film formers, the resin gives higher tensile modulus but greater sensitivity to high relative humidity.
The water-based film former eliminates solvent-borne acrylic binder demand, but formulation latitude is narrower in pH and electrolyte compatibility. The cold-water-soluble grade is incorporated into the aqueous phase at 6–12 wt%; the batch is heated to 65–80 °C and stirred until homogeneous. The resulting wet film is drawn at 100–200 µm and dries at ambient conditions in 15–30 min. The fully hydrolyzed grade is used when resistance to warm-water peel is required, but this grade may require a plasticizer such as glycerol at 5–15 wt% of resin solids to prevent brittle film failure. The film former is compatible with nonionic thickeners and with most preservative systems used at neutral pH. It is incompatible with borate crosslinkers and strongly cationic polymers because of complex coacervation. Peel-off mask batches containing more than 12 wt% resin may develop a high initial yield stress that reduces leveling; a hydroxyethylcellulose thickener at 0.2–0.5 wt% corrects low-shear sag without suppressing peel properties. Safety assessments rely on the monomer and impurity panel in the manufacturer’s technical file; users should verify compliance with REACH, EU Cosmetic Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009, and applicable regional cosmetic ingredient restrictions before commercialization.
In industrial release films for epoxy prepreg tooling, the high-hydrolysis grade is blended with 10–20 phr plasticizer and 2–5 phr of a release agent such as lecithin or silicone-free surfactant. The film is cast at 50–80 µm dry thickness onto polyethylene terephthalate carrier. Tooling release after cure cycles up to 120 °C is performed with warm water at 40–60 °C; residues are rinsed before reuse. The film is not recommended for continuous exposure above 200 °C because of discoloration and loss of water solubility. In comparison with solvent-based fluoropolymer release agents, the water-based film former reduces volatile organic content but requires humidity-controlled storage and longer drying times. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; industrial qualification should be run with actual cure cycles and tooling geometry.
