| HS Code | 566505 |
| Product Name | Broad-Temperature Desizing Enzyme |
| Enzyme Classification | Alpha-amylase |
| Appearance | Brown liquid |
| Active Component | Alpha-amylase |
| Temperature Range | 25°C to 80°C |
| Optimal Temperature | 55°C to 65°C |
| Ph Range | 5.5 to 8.0 |
| Optimal Ph | 6.0 to 7.0 |
| Enzyme Activity | ≥100,000 U/mL |
| Solubility | Fully miscible in water |
| Storage Stability | Stable for 12 months at 25°C, avoid freezing |
| Compatibility | Compatible with anionic and non-ionic wetting agents |
| Desizing Mechanism | Hydrolyzes starch-based sizes into soluble sugars |
| Application Fibers | Cotton, cotton/polyester blends, and other starch-sized fabrics |
| Recommended Dosage | 0.5 to 2.0 g/L |
| Packaging | 25 kg or 200 kg plastic drums |
| Safety Precaution | Avoid eye and skin contact; use protective equipment |
As an accredited Broad-Temperature Desizing Enzyme factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 25 kg sealed plastic drums, powder form, with product label and safety documentation included. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loaded with palletized drums/bags of Broad-Temperature Desizing Enzyme, securely stowed, moisture-proof, ventilated, and protected from heat. |
| Shipping | Broad-Temperature Desizing Enzyme ships in sealed, corrosion-resistant drums or totes to prevent moisture ingress. Store cool and dry, away from direct sunlight. Non-hazardous under standard transport regulations, though avoid extreme heat. Use proper labeling, secure palletization, and protected freight to maintain enzyme activity during transit. |
| Storage | Store Broad-Temperature Desizing Enzyme in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture. Keep the container tightly sealed to prevent absorption of humidity. Avoid storage above recommended temperatures, as excessive heat can reduce enzyme activity. Use within the stated shelf life for optimal performance. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is 6 months if stored cool and dry, away from sunlight and extreme temperatures. |
On continuous pad-steam ranges running 100% cotton poplin at 120–150 m/min, size add-on from warp preparation typically ranges from 8% to 12% native corn starch with 0.3–0.8% poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymer and a wax-based lubricant. The enzyme preparation is applied in a trough or roller-bed padder with expression controlled to 70–80% pickup. The pad bath is buffered to pH 6.0–7.0; addition levels are 0.5–1.2 g/L for a 15–25 min dwell in the steamer at 70–85 °C. The upper activity boundary imposes a critical control point: if the steamer temperature exceeds 90 °C for more than 5 min, residual starch increases because denaturation outpaces hydrolysis. Conversely, if the post-steamer wash boxes drop below 80 °C, hydrolyzed dextrins redeposit on the fabric surface. A delay of more than 30 min between padder and steamer creates edge-to-centre liquor migration, causing uneven residual starch. Bath pH outside 5.5–7.5 reduces calcium-mediated enzyme stability; pH above 7.5 during start-up is particularly damaging when alkaline carryover from a previous scouring run contaminates the pad trough. Residual starch is checked at the batcher exit by iodine staining; a TEGEWA violet scale rating of 7–8 is the release criterion before bleaching. Fabric tensile strength after desizing is measured by ISO 13934-1:2013 and should remain within 5% of greige. The final substrate is cotton poplin shirting, sheeting, and printed base fabric.
On high-pressure beam dyeing vessels processing polyester–cotton warp beams, broad-temperature desizing enzyme is introduced into the pre-scouring step after the initial cold rinse and before alkaline scouring. A typical sized warp contains 6–9% modified starch plus 2–4% partially hydrolyzed PVA and 0.2–0.5% lubricant. The beam vessel is operated at a liquor ratio of 1:6–1:10, with flow direction reversed every 3–5 min to maintain hydraulic contact with dense beam layers. Enzyme dosage of 1.0–2.0 g/L at 55–65 °C and pH 6.5–7.0 is held for 20–30 min. This temperature band remains below the gelation temperature of partially hydrolyzed PVA (70–80 °C), preventing sticky deposits on beam perforations and reducing pressure drop across the beam column. Calcium ion concentration in the bath is maintained between 20–50 mg/L because α-amylase requires calcium for thermal stability; demineralized water without calcium or chelator addition above 1 g/L EDTA reduces activity by destabilizing the tertiary structure. The subsequent hot overflow rinse at 85–90 °C removes PVA and dextrins; if this rinse temperature drops below 80 °C, residual PVA can re-gel on yarn surfaces. Residual starch on beam inner layers is checked by iodine spot after unloading; package density above 0.45 g/cm³ causes channeling and localized starch failure, particularly on the lower inner flanges. Yarn tensile properties are tested by ISO 2062 for beam-dyed polyester–cotton shirting and workwear.
Woven terry constructions carry warp size add-on of 10–15% because pile and ground warps require high weaving tenacity. The dense loop pile inhibits uniform liquor penetration, so desizing is performed on open-width ranges with a pre-wetting bath at 50–60 °C containing 0.5 g/L nonionic wetting agent and a dwell of 5 min. The fabric then passes through a heavy padder with expression of 75–85%. Broad-temperature desizing enzyme is dosed at 1.0–2.0 g/L in a second padder; the bath is buffered to pH 6.0–7.0 and held at 70–80 °C in an open-width steam chamber for 20–30 min. A split addition strategy is used when the fabric enters with size add-on above 13%: 60% of the enzyme is added to the pad bath and 40% is injected into the first wash compartment to hydrolyze starch released from capillary channels. Steam condensation can cool the pile base below 65 °C, causing residual starch to concentrate at the pile root and producing a stiff hand after bleaching. If residual starch at the pile root exceeds a TEGEWA violet scale rating of 6, a second open-width pass is required before peroxide bleaching. Final substrates are bath towel and bathrobe fabric; tensile strength retention is checked by ISO 13934-1:2013 and absorbency by AATCC 79-2018.
Operating cold pad batch ranges below 30 °C without intermediate drying is selected when continuous steam infrastructure is not available or when energy cost must be reduced. Fabric is padded at 20–30 °C with an enzyme bath containing 2.0–4.0 g/L broad-temperature desizing enzyme, 1.0–2.0 g/L nonionic wetting agent, and a citrate buffer to pH 6.5–7.5. The padder expression is set to 75–85% pickup, after which the batch is wrapped with polyethylene film and rotated at 5–10 rpm for 8–24 h. Rotation prevents gravity-driven liquor migration toward the lower layers, which would otherwise produce uneven desizing visible as alternating light and dark iodine spots across the batch diameter. If ambient temperature falls below 15 °C, reaction rate decreases sharply, requiring either pre-warming of the pad bath to 20 °C or extending dwell beyond 24 h; if batch temperature exceeds 40 °C during storage, microbial contamination may develop and reduce peroxide stability in subsequent bleaching. The bath lifetime in the pad trough should not exceed 8 h at ambient temperature to avoid viscosity drift from microbial growth. Residual starch after 12 h is checked with iodine staining; acceptable release for mercerizing is a TEGEWA violet scale rating of 7–8, with tensile strength retention measured by ISO 13934-1:2013.
Comparative process windows for the four padded configurations are summarized in Table 1.
| Configuration | Equipment type | Temperature (°C) | pH | Dosage | Hold time | Residual starch control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous pad-steam cotton poplin | Roller-bed padder + steamer | 70–85 | 6.0–7.0 | 0.5–1.2 g/L | 15–25 min | TEGEWA violet scale 7–8 |
| Polyester–cotton beam pre-scour | High-pressure beam dyeing vessel | 55–65 | 6.5–7.0 | 1.0–2.0 g/L | 20–30 min | Iodine spot on inner layers |
| Open-width woven terry desizing | Pre-wet bath + open-width steam chamber | 70–80 | 6.0–7.0 | 1.0–2.0 g/L | 20–30 min | TEGEWA violet scale ≥ 6 |
| Cold pad batch | Padder + rotating batch | 20–30 | 6.5–7.5 | 2.0–4.0 g/L | 8–24 h | TEGEWA violet scale 7–8 |
Garment finishing requires removal of denim warp sizing residues before stone abrasion or cellulase treatment to prevent uneven surface abrasion and back-staining. Broad-temperature desizing enzyme is applied in industrial garment washers with liquor ratio 1:8–1:10, bath temperature 35–42 °C, pH 6.0–7.0, and dosage 1.0–2.0% owg for 15–30 min. The low temperature is dictated by dyed indigo migration and dimensional stability limits; if bath temperature exceeds 45 °C, indigo redeposits on pocket linings and labels, and denim leg skew increases. If bath temperature drops below 30 °C, starch removal is incomplete, requiring either a second desizing step or a pH reduction to 5.5 with citric acid. Strong cellulase enzymes or pumice stones are added only after desizing, because simultaneous cellulase action can attack exposed cotton surfaces before starch is removed, creating localized strength loss. After desizing, the hydrolysate must be drained before abrasion; residual sugars in the bath can interfere with subsequent cationic softener exhaustion and resin crosslinking. Residual starch is checked by iodine staining at garment seams; dimensional stability is tested by AATCC 135-2020, and colour fastness to washing by ISO 105-C06:2020. Final processed items are denim trousers and jackets with uniform abrasion and reduced starch-induced stiffness.
In integrated size recovery loops attached to continuous woven-fabric desizing ranges, broad-temperature desizing enzyme is added to countercurrent wash liquor to hydrolyze starch before membrane filtration. The wash liquor is collected and passed through a tubular polyethersulfone ultrafiltration module with a molecular weight cut-off of 50–100 kDa, operated at 55–65 °C, cross-flow velocity 3–5 m/s, and trans-membrane pressure 2–4 bar. Enzyme is dosed at 0.2–0.5 g/L in the recirculated wash water, with pH regulated to 6.5–7.0 by acetic acid injection. This temperature band maintains enzyme activity while lowering retentate viscosity and preventing starch gel formation on the membrane surface. If alkaline scouring effluent enters the recovery loop and raises pH above 8.5, α-amylase deactivates, starch hydrolysis ceases, and membrane flux falls below 10 L/m²/h due to starch fouling. Calcium ion concentration is maintained at 20–50 mg/L; iron above 2 mg/L accelerates membrane fouling and must be controlled by filtration or chelation before the UF module. Membrane cleaning with sodium hypochlorite requires enzyme dosing to be paused and the loop isolated, because hypochlorite destroys α-amylase activity. The retentate contains concentrated PVA for reuse in sizing formulations; the permeate contains malto-oligosaccharides and is directed to activated sludge treatment with chemical oxygen demand measured by ISO 6060. This loop is applied to starch/PVA blended size recovery from cotton and polyester–cotton woven goods.
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The Broad-Temperature Desizing Enzyme supplied under model designator BTDE-4500 LQ is a liquid bacterial α-amylase concentrate intended for the removal of starch and starch-ether size films from woven cotton, cotton-spandex, and cotton-polyester fabrics. Activity is standardized at 45,000 U/mL, where 1 U is defined as the release of 1 µmol p-nitrophenol per minute from a blocked p-nitrophenyl-maltoheptaoside substrate at 60°C and pH 6.0 in the Ceralpha assay. The product has a density of 1.07 g/mL at 20°C, a pH of 5.8–6.8, and a viscosity of 25–150 mPa·s at 25°C. It is supplied in 30 kg and 200 kg high-density polyethylene drums and is produced under ISO 9001:2015 batch control. The preserved liquid contains 0.25% potassium sorbate and 0.15% sodium benzoate.
Starch-based size films composed of native corn starch, acid-thinned potato starch, or hydroxypropyl starch ether are cleaved at the α-1,4-glycosidic linkage. Warp size add-on levels of 6–14% owf on cotton warps are handled at standard dosage. For high-pressure weaving constructions carrying size add-on above 16% owf, the pad bath dosage is increased by 30–50% because the thicker size film requires higher enzyme loading to achieve equivalent core removal. Branched amylopectin is converted to dextrins and maltose, which reduces bath viscosity and improves wash efficiency in subsequent boxes.
Kinetic characterization of the parent α-amylase on soluble potato starch at 60°C and pH 6.0 generally reports a Michaelis constant in the range of 1.0–3.0 g/L; published data for this specific formulated product is integrated into the manufacturer’s dosing calculator. Substrate inhibition is not observed below 20 g/L starch. Because the enzyme is endo-acting, viscosity reduction occurs before complete saccharification; this is significant in pad-batch processes because the size film becomes permeable to wash water within the first 2 h at 30°C.
The activity envelope is intentionally broader than that of single-range amylases. At a bath pH of 6.5, relative activity measured by the Ceralpha assay remains above 65% between 35°C and 90°C; peak activity occurs at 70–80°C. At pH 5.5 and pH 8.5, retained activity after 60 min at 60°C is 82% and 78%, respectively. These values allow the same liquid concentrate to function in cold-pad-batch conditions at 25–35°C and in continuous pad-steam conditions at 85–95°C without a formulation change. The product is not a blend of mesophilic and thermostable enzymes; it is a single-component α-amylase with preservatives added at the concentrations listed above. This avoids the lot-to-lot activity imbalance that can occur when two separate enzymes are blended in-house.
| Property | Specification | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | amber liquid without precipitate | visual inspection |
| Activity | 45,000 ± 2,250 U/mL | Ceralpha assay, pH 6.0, 60°C |
| pH | 5.8–6.8 | potentiometric pH meter |
| Density at 20°C | 1.05–1.10 g/mL | ISO 15212-1:1998 |
| Viscosity at 25°C | 25–150 mPa·s | ISO 2555:2018 |
| Total viable count | <100 CFU/mL | ISO 21149:2017 |
On continuous pad-steam equipment with fabric speeds of 60–80 m/min and steamer dwell times of 45–90 s, the working bath contains 2–5 mL/kg of BTDE-4500 LQ. A typical formulation at pH 6.5–7.0 and 75–85°C uses 3.0 mL/kg enzyme and 0.5 g/L of a nonionic wetting agent with a cloud point above 60°C. Padding expression is maintained at 70–80% for cotton twill and 65–75% for lightweight sheeting. Lower pickup below 60% can cause insufficient enzyme carry-over into the steamer. After steaming, a four-box hot wash at 85°C, followed by one cold rinse, removes hydrolyzed size fragments. Residual starch is checked by iodine staining; a negative violet/blue response is the line-side acceptance criterion. For formal size-removal quantification, extractable content is measured according to AATCC 97, and desized fabric tensile strength retention is evaluated by ISO 13934-1:2013 strip method.
One-bath enzymatic desizing with alkaline scouring is limited to pH values that do not exceed the upper stability boundary. When the same bath contains 1.0 g/L hydrogen peroxide or more, the enzyme is added only after peroxide removal by catalase; otherwise activity loss exceeds 50% within 20 min. This boundary is the same for many α-amylases, but the broader pH stability of BTDE-4500 LQ allows a wider margin in residual alkali carry-over from preceding scour baths.
In plants where energy consumption must be reduced, cold-pad-batch processing with BTDE-4500 LQ is carried out at 30–40°C for 6–12 h. The dosage is 8–12 mL/kg bath, combined with 2–3 g/L of a low-foam wetting agent. The fabric is padded at room temperature, wound onto an A-frame, and rotated at 4–6 rpm for the first 30 min to prevent enzyme drainage and edge-drying. Because the enzyme retains approximately 45–50% of its maximum activity at 30°C, the overnight batch tolerates a temperature drift of ±5°C without size-removal failure. Conventional thermostable α-amylases lose substantial activity below 50°C and are not suitable for this route; conventional mesophilic α-amylases may hydrolyze starch at 30°C but are not stable at the 85–95°C hot wash that follows. This dual-route stability is the primary operational difference from narrow-range desizing enzymes.
Exhaust and jigger dosing requires a lower liquor ratio and an adjusted concentration. A 100% cotton poplin with size add-on of 8–12% owf typically requires two ends at 75°C with 2.0 g/L BTDE-4500 LQ and 0.3 g/L nonionic surfactant. The jigger liquor ratio should not exceed 1:8 to avoid diluting the enzyme below effective concentration. On soft-flow machines, 1–3 g/L at 70–80°C for 20–40 min is used for starch-sized knits, provided that mechanical action is sufficient to remove hydrated size fragments.
The enzyme is formulated to operate at lower calcium concentration than many industrial thermostable α-amylases. At 85°C and pH 6.5, half-life is 120 min with 10 mg/L Ca²⁺ and 55 min without added calcium. At 95°C with 10 mg/L Ca²⁺, half-life is 35 min. These data were generated in 50 mM MES buffer using Ceralpha activity after timed exposure. Hard water from typical textile plants containing 40–120 mg/L CaCO₃ supplies sufficient calcium for continuous pad-steam conditions. Sodium chloride up to 30 g/L causes less than 10% activity loss; sodium sulfate at 20 g/L has no measurable effect. Copper ions above 5 mg/L and iron ions above 10 mg/L reduce activity by more than 20% under alkaline bath conditions. Chelating dispersants such as EDTA at 0.2–0.5 g/L can mitigate this loss, but the sequestrant must be added to the water before enzyme addition.
| Parameter | BTDE-4500 LQ | Conventional mesophilic α-amylase | Thermostable α-amylase |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature for ≥65% relative activity | 35–90°C | 30–65°C | 70–105°C |
| pH for ≥80% relative activity | 5.5–8.5 | 5.0–7.0 | 5.5–8.0 |
| Calcium required for half-life >60 min at 85°C | 10 mg/L | not applicable above 70°C | 50–100 mg/L |
| Half-life at 85°C in 10 mg/L Ca²⁺ | 120 min | <5 min | 45 min |
| Cold-pad-batch suitability at 30°C | suitable; 45–50% residual activity | suitable; 60–70% residual activity | unsuitable; <10% residual activity |
| Use in continuous pad-steam at 90°C | suitable | unsuitable | suitable |
Production-scale failures in enzymatic desizing are most commonly traced to pad bath temperature falling below 60°C, expression dropping below 60%, or steamer temperature falling below 80°C. Unlike narrow-range amylases, BTDE-4500 LQ continues to hydrolyze starch when such excursions occur, but the range does not compensate for starch add-on above 18% owf without dosage correction. Batch-to-batch variation in greige size add-on should be monitored by lot and communicated to the dyehouse to adjust the millilitres-per-kilogram set point.
BTDE-4500 LQ contains no measurable cellulase, protease, or xylanase side activity at the use concentration; this limits the risk of cotton fiber damage during extended cold-pad-batch dwell times. AATCC 79 absorbency and ISO 13934-1:2013 strip tensile retention are used to confirm that no strength loss above 5% occurs at standard dosage on greige cotton.
Because the product functions at 10 mg/L Ca²⁺, it reduces calcium chloride addition and lowers scale deposition on pad rolls and steamers compared with thermostable α-amylases requiring 50–100 mg/L Ca²⁺. This difference is visible as reduced hard-water scale on equipment over multi-week campaigns and fewer pad-roll cleaning stops.
BTDE-4500 LQ should not be combined in the same bath with concentrated hydrogen peroxide above 2.0 g/L; oxidative inactivation occurs within 15 min under alkaline conditions. When oxidative desizing is required, a two-step sequence is used. The product is incompatible with pH below 4.5 for contact times above 2 h, with undiluted benzalkonium chloride, and with free chlorine sanitizers above 1 mg/L. Storage stability is 6 months at 0–25°C; freezing below -5°C causes phase separation and permanent activity loss. In fabric processes that contain wax, tallow, or high-melting hydrophobic softeners above 2.0% owf, a pre-wash with 0.5 g/L nonionic surfactant at 50°C is recommended to improve enzyme diffusion into the size film.
Enzymatic size removal reduces starch-derived chemical oxygen demand in wastewater only when the hydrolysis liquor is segregated and treated; residual dextrins remain waterborne and must be managed through the site effluent treatment plant. The product does not contain intentionally added APEO or formaldehyde; verification is available through certificates of analysis. Its preservative system is disclosed for downstream audit against ZDHC MRSL v3.0.
