| HS Code | 800023 |
| Density | 1.08 - 1.14 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.20 - 0.50 % |
| Tensile Strength | 35.0 - 55.0 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 10 - 30 % |
| Tensile Modulus | 2.00 - 3.50 GPa |
| Flexural Modulus | 1.80 - 3.20 GPa |
| Flexural Strength | 45.0 - 65.0 MPa |
| Izod Impact Notched | 3.00 - 5.00 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Impact Unnotched | 25.0 - 45.0 kJ/m² |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 145 - 165 °C |
| Melting Point | 175 - 180 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.30 - 0.50 W/(m·K) |
| Coefficient Of Friction | 0.15 - 0.30 |
| Mold Shrinkage | 0.30 - 0.70 % |
As an accredited Overview of materials for Nylon 12, Graphite Filled factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaged in sealed, moisture-proof containers, 1 kg per unit, with labelling for safe handling and storage of graphite-filled nylon 12 material. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loaded with graphite-filled Nylon 12 material, securely packed and ventilated for safe, efficient transport. |
| Shipping | Nylon 12 with graphite filler is typically supplied as solid pellets or granules, non-hazardous under transport regulations. Ship in sealed, moisture-resistant packaging to prevent contamination. Avoid extreme heat and direct sunlight. No special dangerous goods labeling required; standard dry freight, truck, rail, or sea transport is suitable. |
| Storage | Store Nylon 12, Graphite Filled material in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid exposure to excessive humidity, as nylon can degrade. Maintain stable temperatures and use within recommended shelf life for optimal performance. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically indefinite when stored in a cool, dry place, protected from moisture and direct sunlight. |
In automotive fuel system quick-connector production, graphite-filled PA12 is injection molded into male and female endform bodies, retainer clips, and fuel tank module brackets where electrostatic dissipation is controlled under SAE J1645. The graphite content is normally held at 12–15 wt% of the compound, a range that lowers surface resistivity to 104–106 Ω when measured according to ASTM D257 on molded plaques, while retaining sufficient elongation for snap-fit assembly. Melt flow rate is monitored at 275 °C under 5 kg load per ISO 1133-1:2022 to confirm batch-to-batch consistency before production release. Pre-drying at 80 °C for 4–6 h is required when storage humidity has exceeded 60% RH, bringing moisture content below 0.10 wt% before melt processing. Injection is performed on a reciprocating screw machine with a screw L/D of 20:1–24:1, hardened screw flights and barrel liner to resist graphite abrasion, melt temperature 240–260 °C, mold temperature 80–100 °C, and clamp force calculated at 1.5–2.0 t/cm2 of projected area. Regrind from cold-runner scrap is limited to 20 wt% of shot weight because repeated thermal cycles move surface resistivity toward the upper acceptance limit and can create insulating regions near weld lines. Terminal parts include fuel line quick connectors, fuel tank module retainer clips, EVAP canister brackets, and fuel filter housing retention rings, with each cavity qualified for pull-off force, leak decay, and sour fuel resistance according to OEM validation plans plus SAE J2044 endform geometry. Material compliance is assessed against REACH Annex XVII and the European ELV Directive 2000/53/EC; lead-based stabilizers and certain brominated flame retardants would violate automotive OEM restricted substance lists if introduced. Cross-contamination with PA6 or PA66 regrind must be prevented because the crystallization kinetics and moisture uptake of PA12 shift weld-line fusion and dimensional stability.
Compliance for dust-handling components in Zones 21 and 22 is assessed under ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU, IEC 60079-0:2017, and the electrostatic guidance of IEC TS 60079-32-1. The graphite loading for thick-walled fittings and valve housings is usually specified at 15–20 wt%; this loading produces surface resistivity below 106 Ω per ASTM D257 but does not guarantee continuity across flow lines and weld lines unless the gate location is designed to prevent meeting front stagnation. Molders use a melt temperature of 250–270 °C, a cold or warm mold at 60–90 °C, and a gate thickness of 60–80% of the part wall thickness to maintain a cohesive melt front. Multi-gate layouts without valve gates can generate insulating weld lines; published data for this specific configuration is limited, so part validation must include surface resistance measurements across each weld line on the actual molding, not on a flat plaque. Tooling surfaces are hard-chrome-plated or made from through-hardened steel because graphite-filled PA12 is abrasive and can erode unprotected gate plugs. Terminal finished products include pneumatic pipe elbows, diverter valve housings, dust extraction couplings, rotary valve end plates, and filter housings where metal replacement reduces mass and eliminates corrosion from moist process air. The operational boundary is that the compound is not suitable for continuous exposure to strong oxidizing gases or concentrated acid mists; stainless steel or PVDF is required for those streams.
For rolling element bearing cages, conveyor guide rails, chain guides, and wear pads, graphite-filled PA12 is selected when the wear interface must operate without external lubrication and when metallic debris is prohibited. Material selection is governed by ISO 1043-1 designation and ISO 11469:2016 marking rules, while tribological data is generated under ASTM D3702 and mechanical properties under ISO 527-2 and ISO 178. Formulations fall into two bands: injection-molded bearing cages typically use 10–15 wt% graphite, whereas extruded wear strip and machined guide profiles use 8–12 wt% graphite to preserve compressive strength and machinability. Process routes diverge by part geometry: injection molding uses a melt temperature of 240–260 °C and mold temperature 80–100 °C, while heavy-section wear pads and guide rails are machined from extruded or compression-molded stock. After machining, parts are annealed in circulating air at 150–160 °C for 1–2 h to relieve internal stress and stabilize dimensions prior to installation. Machining is performed dry with carbide tooling and low surface speeds because water-based coolants can be absorbed by the PA12 matrix and cause post-machining dimensional change. The RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU and REACH Annex XVII apply to global supply, and the compound is normally formulated without asbestos, lead, or short-chain chlorinated paraffins. Terminal finished components include machined bearing cages for slow-speed oscillating bearings, chain guide rails, wear strips for packaging conveyors, and sliding blocks for cam-driven indexing units. Continuous sliding contact is governed by supplier PV curves rather than a single universal limit; if the operating PV exceeds the supplier value, PTFE-filled or oil-filled grades should be evaluated.
Because semiconductor wafer handling equipment must prevent electrostatic discharge without introducing particle sloughing, graphite-filled PA12 is machined into static-dissipative nests, guides, and end effector components where surface resistance is maintained in the range of 105–109 Ω under ANSI/ESD STM11.11. ESD control requirements are defined by ANSI/ESD S20.20-2021 and IEC 61340-5-1, and cleanroom compatibility is typically evaluated according to SEMI E78 guidance for electrostatic charge control in semiconductor manufacturing. The formulation used for wafer contact and adjacent tooling contains 10–15 wt% graphite; the filler content is kept in this band because higher loadings increase surface roughness and particle generation while lower loadings move the material into the insulative range above 1011 Ω. Production is dominated by machining from extruded or compression-molded stock rather than injection molding because lot sizes are small and flatness tolerances are typically below 0.05 mm over 100 mm spans. Machined parts are cleaned with isopropanol and tested for ionic contamination prior to packaging; silicone-based mold releases or cutting oils are excluded because they contaminate wafer surfaces. Terminal finished products include wafer cassette guide rails, end-effector pads, test socket alignment nests, and vacuum wand tips where static-dissipative behavior and low outgassing are required. The operational boundary is that graphite-filled PA12 is not acceptable for direct contact with copper wire bonds if the process is sensitive to carbon particle transfer; for that interface, a cleanroom-grade PEEK or PFA component is recommended.
Graphite-filled PA12 is used in high-speed spinning, texturing, and winding equipment where fiber movement generates surface charge and metallic parts can create yarn damage. The governing test framework comprises ISO 527-2 for tensile strength after conditioning, ISO 178 for flexural modulus, ASTM D257 for surface resistivity, and ISO 4589-2 if a defined oxygen index is required by the machine builder. The filler addition ratio is typically 12–18 wt% graphite, chosen to bring surface resistivity into the 104–107 Ω range while maintaining slip and wear behavior under yarn tension. Injection molding of textile contact parts uses a melt temperature of 245–265 °C, mold temperature 85–105 °C, and sequential valve gating to avoid weld lines in thin yarn guide slots. Pre-drying is mandatory at 80 °C for 5 h when resins have been stored above 55% RH; graphite-filled PA12 that is not dried exhibits surface splay and inconsistent surface resistivity. Terminal finished products include yarn guide blocks, tensioner arms, splicing cams, and thread cutter bodies where the combined requirement is static dissipation plus low coefficient of friction against polyester and nylon yarn. The process is not suitable for continuous contact with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or strong phenolic cleaning agents used in some dyehouse environments; those chemical exposures require a different polyamide grade or a metal component.
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Overview of materials for Nylon 12, Graphite Filled comprises a family of graphite-modified polyamide 12 compounds supplied primarily as cylindrical or lenticular pellets for injection molding, profile extrusion, and selected additive manufacturing feedstocks. The polyamide 12 matrix contributes lower equilibrium moisture uptake and broader chemical resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons than PA6 or PA66. The graphite filler—typically introduced at 10 wt% to 30 wt%—imparts static-dissipative surface resistivity, reduced dry-running coefficient of friction, and more uniform mold shrinkage, while reducing notched impact strength and melt flow. These materials are not defined by a single universal model; instead, commercial datasheets specify filler content, melt volume-flow rate, density, and electrical surface resistivity. Under ISO 1133-1:2022 at 235°C and 5 kg, graphite-filled Nylon 12 commonly exhibits melt volume-flow rates between 8 cm³/10 min and 25 cm³/10 min. Density measured by ISO 1183-1:2019 typically falls between 1.08 g/cm³ and 1.15 g/cm³. Graphite-filled grades differ from carbon-fiber-filled Nylon 12 by offering lower anisotropy and lower abrasiveness to steel counterfaces; they differ from carbon-black-filled Nylon 12 by providing lower moisture sensitivity and a broader processing window. They are specified where static dissipation, tribological performance, and chemical resistance must coexist, but they are not intended for maximum structural stiffness or high-impact service.
Dispersed graphite raises tensile and flexural modulus while suppressing ductility. Representative datasheet values for a 20 wt% graphite-filled grade show tensile modulus by ISO 527-2:2012 in the range of 2.5 GPa to 3.5 GPa, compared with 1.3 GPa to 1.6 GPa for unfilled Nylon 12 in the dry-as-molded state. Tensile strength at yield is typically 40 MPa to 55 MPa, which is not a large increase over unfilled Nylon 12; the primary mechanical benefit is stiffness and dimensional repeatability. Notched Izod impact strength according to ISO 180/A decreases relative to unfilled Nylon 12, often to 4 kJ/m² to 8 kJ/m² at 23°C, depending on filler aspect ratio and surface treatment. Surface resistivity measured by ASTM D257 drops from above 10^13 ohm for unfilled resin to 10^3 ohm–10^6 ohm for graphite-filled grades. The table below summarizes representative datasheet ranges; values are not a specification for any single lot.
| Property | Test method | Unfilled Nylon 12 | Graphite-filled Nylon 12 (20 wt%) | Carbon-fiber-filled Nylon 12 (20 wt%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.01–1.03 g/cm³ | 1.08–1.15 g/cm³ | 1.05–1.12 g/cm³ |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-2:2012 | 1.3–1.6 GPa | 2.5–3.5 GPa | 8.0–12.0 GPa |
| Flexural modulus | ISO 178:2019 | 1.0–1.5 GPa | 2.0–3.5 GPa | 7.0–11.0 GPa |
| Surface resistivity | ASTM D257 | >10^13 ohm | 10^3–10^6 ohm | 10^2–10^5 ohm |
| Dynamic coefficient of friction, dry vs steel | ASTM G99-17 | 0.35–0.45 | 0.18–0.25 | 0.25–0.35 |
| Water absorption, 24 h | ISO 62:2008 | 0.2–0.3% | 0.15–0.25% | 0.2–0.3% |
Injection molding of graphite-filled Nylon 12 requires closed-loop desiccant drying to a residual moisture target below 0.10%, typically achieved at 80°C for 4 h with a dew point of -40°C or lower. Melt-temperature profiles on a reciprocating screw machine are usually set from 230°C to 250°C, with the nozzle held at 240°C to 255°C. Mold temperature influences surface conductivity and crystallinity; a mold temperature of 60°C to 100°C is preferred. For grades above 25 wt% graphite, the stable melt-temperature window narrows to approximately ±5°C around 245°C; excursions above 260°C produce volatiles, silver streaks, and surface splay due to degradation of processing aids and partial oxidation of the polyamide. Screw designs with 18:1 to 22:1 L/D and a low compression ratio of 2.0:1 to 2.5:1 reduce shear heating, while back pressure of 0.3 MPa to 0.7 MPa is adequate for melt homogenization. Production-scale experience indicates that graphite-filled Nylon 12 tends to plate out on mold vents after 8 h to 24 h of continuous operation, necessitating periodic vent cleaning to prevent gas burns. Conductive and tribological properties are affected by filler orientation; fast injection speeds above 100 mm/s can align graphite platelets near the frozen layer and produce surface-resistivity anisotropy between flow and transverse directions.
Graphite-filled Nylon 12 is evaluated for gears, bushings, and wear pads where external lubrication is not permitted or where PTFE transfer films are undesirable. In pin-on-disc tests under 1 MPa contact pressure and 0.5 m/s sliding velocity against carbon steel, published datasheets report dynamic coefficients of friction between 0.18 and 0.25. The graphite lowers stick-slip and suppresses squeal in low-speed start-stop devices, but it does not eliminate the grade-specific PV limit. Continuous dry-running PV values vary with counterface roughness and ambient temperature; reported values from commercial datasheets range from 0.12 MPa·m/s to 0.30 MPa·m/s, although published data for this specific configuration is limited at elevated temperatures above 80°C. Compared with acetal, graphite-filled Nylon 12 offers better resistance to aromatic hydrocarbons and less moisture-related dimensional change than PA66, but its dry-running wear rate is typically higher than PTFE-filled acetal at equivalent PV. Counterface materials should have a surface finish of 0.2 µm Ra to 0.4 µm Ra; rougher surfaces accelerate graphite removal and produce black wear debris. This material should not be used as a direct replacement for PTFE in high-speed seals without revalidation of clearance, thermal expansion, and interfacial temperature rise.
Static dissipation in fuel system clips and sensor housings is a common reason for selecting graphite-filled Nylon 12. Surface resistivity between 10^4 ohm and 10^6 ohm per ASTM D257 permits charge decay without requiring carbon black loadings that increase moisture uptake and reduce flow. Volume resistivity is frequently specified in the 10^2 ohm·cm to 10^5 ohm·cm range. Unlike carbon black, graphite does not generate a rapid viscosity rise at filler loadings above 15 wt%, which allows thin-wall sections down to 1.0 mm in connectors and clips. The conductive network is shear-sensitive; high shear from small gates or hot-runner tips can destroy conductive pathways and shift surface resistivity by one decade. Electrical performance is therefore validated on molded plaques per IEC 61340-2-3 rather than on pellets. Components that require both static dissipation and fuel resistance can be specified to SAE J1645 where the system-level electrostatic discharge requirement is defined; the material alone does not guarantee passing a full assembly test.
Because graphite-filled Nylon 12 is a filled system, melt flow rate alone does not fully characterize processability. Incoming inspection typically combines melt volume-flow rate by ISO 1133-1:2022 with ash content by ISO 3451-1:2019, moisture by ISO 15512:2019 or Karl Fischer titration, and molded surface resistivity by ASTM D257. Melt flow-rate variation greater than ±15% from the certified lot value is often a practical rejection threshold on production lines because it correlates with screw recovery time variation and gate freeze-off differences. Filler dispersion is assessed by microscopic examination of polished cross-sections; graphite agglomerates above 50 µm can initiate surface pitting and reduce impact strength. Compounding on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with 32:1 to 44:1 L/D and side feeding of graphite prevents excessive screw wear at the primary feed throat. Barrel wear rates increase with graphite content; nitrided or bimetallic barrels and screw elements are specified for grades above 20 wt% graphite to avoid iron contamination that degrades electrical and mechanical properties. Dry-as-molded specimens must be conditioned per ISO 291:2008 at 23°C and 50% RH before comparative testing; properties measured on wet specimens will understate stiffness and overstate notched impact.
Graphite-filled Nylon 12 absorbs less water than PA66 or PA6, but it is not immune to hygroscopic swelling. Equilibrium moisture content at 23°C and 50% RH is typically 0.15% to 0.25%, compared with 0.20% to 0.30% for unfilled Nylon 12 and 2.0% to 2.5% for PA66. Water absorption after 24 h immersion per ISO 62:2008 is generally below 0.25%. The graphite platelets restrict linear mold shrinkage; flow-direction shrinkage is commonly 0.7% to 1.1% and transverse-direction shrinkage 0.8% to 1.3%, producing more isotropic parts than carbon-fiber-filled Nylon 12. Dimensional change after moisture conditioning is influenced by wall thickness and filler orientation; thick sections may show differential swelling between the frozen skin and the core. For high-precision bushings, a post-molding annealing step at 110°C to 130°C in mineral oil or nitrogen for 2 h to 4 h stabilizes crystallinity and reduces subsequent creep. Graphite-filled Nylon 12 is not recommended for continuous hot-water immersion above 80°C or for exposure to strong oxidizing acids, which can attack both the polyamide matrix and the graphite surface chemistry.
Automotive fuel line quick connectors, brake cable pulleys, office automation gears, and conveyor guide rails are representative applications where graphite-filled Nylon 12 is specified. In fuel connectors, the material provides low moisture uptake, resistance to diesel and gasoline, and surface resistivity below 10^6 ohm to prevent localized charge accumulation. In brake cable pulleys, dynamic coefficient of friction against steel remains below 0.25 under dry start-stop conditions, which supports grease-free designs. Resistance to zinc chloride and calcium chloride road salts is evaluated by ISO 175:2010 immersion testing; published data for this specific configuration is limited. In conveyor guide rails, a coefficient of friction of 0.18 to 0.25 reduces drive torque and wear of mating polycarbonate or steel links, but no universal percentage reduction can be assigned without a full system test. Regulatory statements for specific grades may include RoHS 2011/65/EU and REACH SVHC declarations; food-contact status is grade-specific because graphite may not be cleared under FDA 21 CFR 177.1500. Processing limitations must be observed: predrying at 80°C for 4 h, barrel temperatures not exceeding 260°C, and mold temperatures between 60°C and 100°C are minimum controls. The product should not be selected for high-impact structural brackets, for continuous service above 100°C under load, or for direct contact with strong acids and alkaline solutions at elevated temperature. In those environments, carbon-fiber-filled Nylon 12, polyetheretherketone, or a chemically resistant thermoplastic may be more appropriate.
