| HS Code | 913597 |
| Density | 1.23 g/cc |
| Water Absorption | 0.7 % (24 hours) |
| Tensile Strength Ultimate | 108 MPa |
| Tensile Modulus | 8.9 GPa |
| Elongation At Break | 2.2 % |
| Flexural Modulus | 7.9 GPa |
| Flexural Yield Strength | 160 MPa |
| Izod Impact Notched | 4.8 kJ/m² |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 8 Mpa | 170 °C |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Coefficient Of Linear Thermal Expansion | 2.9e-5 /°C |
As an accredited Overview of materials for Nylon 12, 30% Glass Fiber Filled factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Sealed 25 kg moisture-proof bags contain Nylon 12, 30% glass fiber filled pellets, ready for injection molding and processing. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20' FCL container loading for Nylon 12, 30% glass fiber filled: palletized bags, stable weight distribution, maximizing cubic capacity within container limits. |
| Shipping | Nylon 12 with 30% glass fiber is supplied as moisture-sensitive pellets in sealed, resealable containers. Ship in dry, ventilated packaging to prevent condensation. Non-hazardous, but keep away from excessive heat and humidity. Standard ground or air freight is acceptable when protected from prolonged exposure to moisture. |
| Storage | Store in sealed, moisture-proof containers in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight and UV sources. Keep ambient temperature moderate, ideally below 30°C, to prevent degradation. Avoid exposure to humidity, as nylon absorbs moisture, which can affect mechanical properties. Ensure good ventilation and keep away from incompatible chemicals. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is indefinite when stored in sealed, original containers in cool, dry conditions, protected from moisture, heat, and UV light. |
In injection-molded automotive fuel-system connectors and emission-control clips, the 30% glass-fiber weight fraction in Nylon 12 is specified not simply as a stiffness modifier but to preserve coupling-ring roundness after exothermic mould release and to reduce creep-driven torque relaxation on threaded retainer nuts. The compound is pre-dried at 80 °C for 4 h in a desiccant dryer with a hopper-air dew point below -25 °C; residual moisture above 0.08% hydrolyses amide linkages during plastication and produces silver streaks at hot-tip gates. Melt temperature is held at 245–270 °C, with the front zone not exceeding 270 °C for cycles longer than 60 s. Mould temperature is maintained at 60–90 °C; at the lower limit the frozen skin restricts glass-fibre rotation before packing, while at the upper limit cycle time increases without a corresponding gain in weld-line strength. Terminal products are quick-connect fuel-line couplings, carbon canister brackets, and fuel pump flange stiffeners that must survive hot-fuel conditioning according to SAE J2260 and long-term tensile creep under ISO 899-1:2017. Weld lines are the primary process conflict: a single end-gated housing can lose 30–40% of the unreinforced weld-line tensile strength when fibre orientation lies perpendicular to the mating flow front. Mould-filling simulation is used to reposition the gate or add an overflow runner, but the final mould trial remains the only reliable verification method.
The glass-fibre length distribution is controlled by screw recovery speed and back-pressure. Screws with 20:1 L/D and a shallow compression zone produce less fibre breakage than high-shear barrier screws, but they sacrifice masterbatch distribution when colour is added at the hopper. The most stable industrial route is to use a pre-compounded pellet from a co-rotating twin-screw line with 36:1–44:1 L/D and side-fed chopped strand downstream of the melting zone. The resulting pellet has a glass volume fraction of roughly 14–15% for a PA12 matrix density of 1.01–1.04 g/cm³ and an E-glass density of 2.58 g/cm³. The compliance dossier for underhood fuel-contact parts is not limited to permeation: OEM specifications typically require tensile testing per ISO 527-2:2012, notched Charpy per ISO 179-1/1eA:2010 at -40 °C, and heat deflection temperature per ISO 75-1:2013 and ISO 75-2:2013 at 1.82 MPa. If a part is exposed to zinc chloride from road salt, laboratory conditioning at 23 °C and 60% RH is insufficient; stress-cracking can initiate at the glass-fibre/polymer interface and is verified through constant-strain exposure using methods derived from ASTM D1693.
Selection of 30% glass-filled Nylon 12 for semi-rigid pneumatic conduits is driven by dimensional tolerance in push-to-connect fittings rather than by flexibility. Extrusion differs from injection moulding: the fibre is oriented primarily in the machine direction, raising longitudinal modulus while leaving the transverse direction comparatively matrix-dominated. A single-screw extruder with 24:1–30:1 L/D and a barrier mixer is operated at barrel temperatures of 230–250 °C. Downstream, a gear pump stabilises melt pressure to ±0.5 MPa, and vacuum sizing fixes the outside diameter to ±0.05 mm before a water bath at 60 °C. The melt exiting an annular die at 250 °C has lower die swell than unfilled PA12; sizing calibration is therefore set to a smaller draw ratio to avoid internal tearing. The terminal product is a semi-rigid tube with burst pressure verified according to ISO 14743:2004 or against the fitting manufacturer’s maximum working pressure. Because glass fibre reduces tensile elongation at break from roughly 200–300% for unfilled PA12 to an engineering range below 5–8% under ISO 527-2:2012, the design is not suitable for continuous flexural fatigue. Published data for this specific configuration in spiral-coil service is limited; validation is normally performed on a flexing rig with a bending radius at least 8× outside diameter. The tubing is used for industrial robot cable conduits and compressed-air manifolds where crush resistance and dimensional stability under 80 °C hot air outweigh cold-flex performance.
Wall thickness is constrained by fibre length. For a tube with 2.0 mm wall, a 4.5 mm chopped strand intended for injection moulding creates through-thickness orientation gradients that weaken calendered sections. Extrusion grades therefore use short fibre with a nominal length of 150–300 µm or milled glass, but this trade-off reduces notched impact compared with long-fibre pellets. Compliance for industrial pneumatics includes REACH and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II screening for pigments and fibre sizing. When the tube contacts aggressive oil mists, comparative immersion testing per ISO 1817:2015 evaluates volume swell, hardness change, and tensile retention on ISO 527-2:2012 specimens. The recompounding step should avoid amine-containing processing aids because amide exchange and premature chain scission can occur in a low-moisture melt at 260 °C; this restriction is specific to PA12 because its terminal amine concentration is lower than PA6, making viscosity control more sensitive to additive chemistry.
For medical orthotic shells and exoskeleton structural brackets, the 30% glass-fibre content in Nylon 12 is specified only after the device’s skin-contact duration classification is determined. The matrix is selected because its equilibrium moisture uptake is lower than PA6, which reduces dimensional change between a dry fabrication room at 30% RH and a patient-adjacent microclimate at 70–80% RH. The fibre loading is not used to maximise stiffness; it is balanced to retain notched Charpy impact under ISO 179-1/1eA:2010 for accidental drop loading during rehabilitation. Injection-moulded components are pre-dried to below 0.10% moisture, then moulded with melt temperatures of 245–265 °C and mould temperatures of 60–80 °C. Glass loading above 35% by weight creates protruding fibre ends on textured surfaces, which may require secondary tumbling or coating to meet patient-contact requirements. Terminal products include prosthetic socket adapters, orthotic knee joints, and structural exoskeleton linkages. Biocompatibility documentation follows ISO 10993-1:2018, with cytotoxicity testing per ISO 10993-5:2009 and skin sensitisation per ISO 10993-10:2021. A supplier’s existing medical-grade certification for unfilled PA12 is not sufficient for a modified fibre-reinforced grade; the final device manufacturer must evaluate the complete processed part, including mould-release residues and post-machining debris.
The main process conflict in orthotic components is anisotropic shrinkage. A flat shell with a nominal wall of 3.0 mm shrinks less along the flow direction and more across it; post-mould dimensional audits under ISO 294-4:2018 define tolerance-compensation factors. The gate must not be placed on the skin-contact surface. If a hot-tip gate is used, the local fibre-rich region around the gate solidifies with a high tensile-modulus core but lower strain-to-failure, and audible cracking can occur when the shell is flexed at body temperature. Clamping-force calculations should assume a cavity pressure of 50–70 MPa, although this varies with flow length and part thickness. Production-scale experience shows that a mould temperature below 50 °C creates visible weld lines at rib intersections, whereas a mould temperature above 90 °C extends cycle time without materially improving the quenched surface structure. The part is conditioned at 23 °C and 50% RH for at least 48 h before final dimensional inspection; this brings the surface layer into equilibrium while leaving the core dry, which is representative of actual use.
Outdoor electronic enclosures injection-moulded from 30% glass-filled Nylon 12 are specified where service temperatures cycle from -40 °C to 85 °C and the housing must retain an IP-rated seal under mechanical load. The 30% weight fraction is a compromise: it increases tensile modulus sufficiently to limit snap-fit deflection and boss pull-out, but does not reduce notched impact to the level observed in 50% glass-filled grades at low temperature. The moulding process uses a cold-runner system with valve-gated drops; the gate diameter is maintained above 1.2 mm to avoid fibre jamming. Melt temperature is set at 250–275 °C, and mould temperature at 70–90 °C. After ejection, parts are annealed at 100 °C for 2 h in a forced-air oven to relax moulded-in orientation; this step is required because unannealed glass-filled PA12 can exhibit post-mould warpage of more than 0.3% of the critical dimension after the first thermal cycle. Terminal products include sensor housings, antenna radomes, and microinverter enclosures. Ingress protection is verified according to IEC 60529:1989+A1:1999+A2:2013, and outdoor weathering is assessed through UL 746C or IEC 60068-2-5:2018. Flame ratings of HB are commonly available under UL 94; V-0 is not inherent to PA12 GF30 and requires halogen-free flame-retardant modification that can lower tracking resistance.
| Verification area | Standard / test method | Required condition or output |
|---|---|---|
| Enclosure sealing | IEC 60529 IP67 | 1 m depth, 30 min, no water ingress |
| Outdoor weathering | ISO 4892-2:2013 | 1000 h xenon-arc, no visible cracking, gloss retention ≥50% |
| Thermal cycling | IEC 60068-2-14:2009 | -40 °C to 85 °C, 100 cycles, no crack |
| Flame rating | UL 94 | HB minimum at 3.0 mm |
| Comparative tracking index | IEC 60112:2020 | CTI ≥600 V for non-flame-retardant grade |
Boss pull-out force is governed by the shear area of the boss and the local fibre orientation around the core pin. For a boss with an outer diameter of 5.0 mm and a screw size M2.5, pull-out force may vary by 20–35% depending on whether the core pin is moved before complete solidification. When the part is moulded with a high mould temperature of 90 °C, the skin remains molten longer and glass fibres adjacent to the core pin orient circumferentially, increasing radial restraint on the screw. This is verified on a universal tensile tester using a custom fixture at 23 °C; the recorded load is compared with the design requirement rather than with published generic values. The enclosure must also pass salt-mist exposure per IEC 60068-2-52:2017 when installed in coastal environments. Metallic inserts can cause galvanic corrosion at the insert-polymer boundary if condensation carries chlorides; production-scale insert moulding therefore uses stainless-steel inserts rather than zinc-plated brass.
Where chemical exposure and dimensional stability intersect, 30% glass-filled Nylon 12 is used in industrial fluid-handling manifolds and filter housings for low-pressure hydrocarbon and air service. The matrix offers hydrolytic stability and lower moisture uptake than PA6 and PA66, while the glass fibre restricts radial expansion when the internal medium rises from room temperature to 80 °C. The design is process-limited: a thick wall of 6 mm will not cool uniformly in a conventional injection mould, and the centre of the wall may remain above the glass transition temperature for longer than 60 s, allowing fibre migration before final solidification. The part is therefore moulded with a compromise melt temperature of 245–265 °C and a mould temperature of 70–80 °C; fill time is kept below 3 s for flow lengths under 150 mm. The terminal product is a distribution block for gearbox oil lines or a fuel-filter housing. Fluid-contact testing is performed by immersion in test fluids according to ISO 1817:2015, with hardness, tensile strength, and volume swell measured on specimens moulded from the same shot. For diesel fuel service, the assembly is also evaluated under customer-specific hot-oil cycling that alternates between 23 °C and 120 °C diesel. The glass-fibre content is not a substitute for proper sealing: threaded ports require an O-ring groove and axial compression rather than reliance on pipe threads alone, because glass-filled PA12 creeps under thread-flank stress above 60 °C.
Joining technology is the main qualification variable for glass-filled nylon manifolds. Laser transmission welding is feasible when one part is natural or laser-transparent PA12 GF30 and the mating part is carbon-black loaded; carbon content is typically 0.2–0.5% by weight. A diode laser source at 940–1064 nm is used, and weld-seam depth is controlled by line energy density rather than by clamp pressure alone. Vibration welding is an alternative, but glass fibre concentrates at the weld zone and can reduce weld strength if the joint is over-welded. The production-scale failure mode is not material degradation but leak paths caused by incomplete collapse of the molten film at the joint; leak testing is performed at 1.5× the maximum working pressure with air or nitrogen. For manifolds exposed to strong acids or chlorinated solvents, preliminary chemical compatibility screening must be completed before mould finalisation, because the fibre-matrix interface is more susceptible to wicking than the polymer phase alone.
The cold-temperature performance of 30% glass-filled Nylon 12 is specified for sporting goods and seasonal mobility components such as snowmobile cable brackets, ski touring binding plates, and bicycle rack locking arms. At -20 °C, the PA12 matrix retains greater ductility than comparable PA66 GF30 compounds when compared under ISO 527-2:2012 tensile testing, because PA12’s lower amide-group density reduces transition sharpness, but the glass fibre is still a stress concentrator. Notched Charpy impact measured to ISO 179-1/1eA:2010 falls to a fraction of its 23 °C value; designers therefore avoid sharp corners and gate-vestige areas in cold-loaded regions. The injection-moulding process uses a melt temperature of 250–270 °C and a mould temperature of 80–90 °C. Hotter moulds promote transcrystallinity at the fibre surface, which moderates property loss in flow-transverse directions. Terminal products are load-bearing parts with integrated teeth or snap arms that must survive impulse loading during installation at -20 °C. Mechanical validation is performed with ISO 527-2:2012 at -20 °C, ISO 178:2019 flexural tests, and ISO 6603-2:2000 puncture tests for the facing layer. The primary quality check is fibre-length measurement after ashing per ISO 3451-1:2019, with a particle-count distribution rather than a single average value; ashing residue must be 30 wt% ±1%. The process conflict is that raising barrel temperature to fill thin stiffening ribs increases matrix degradation, measured as a drop in melt viscosity by ISO 1133-1:2022 at 275 °C with 5 kg load.
For injection-moulded air-filter end caps in heavy-duty diesel filtration, the same 30% glass-filled PA12 is processed at 250–260 °C melt and 80 °C mould temperature, with dimensional acceptance checked after 24 h conditioning at 23 °C and 50% RH; filter manufacturers generally require a minimum HB rating per UL 94 and tensile weld-line strength measured by ISO 527-2:2012.
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Compounded from polyamide 12 resin and a 30 wt% chopped glass fiber reinforcement, the material is supplied as cylindrical pellets with retained fiber lengths typically in the 200–400 µm range after corotating twin-screw extrusion, although the exact length distribution depends on screw configuration and specific energy input. The glass fibers are generally silane-sized for polyamide adhesion, and the formulation commonly includes heat stabilizers, processing lubricants, and carbon black or color concentrates. At 30 wt% loading, the reinforcement represents a midpoint trade-off between stiffness and flow; lower loadings of 15 wt% retain more impact strength, while higher loadings above 40 wt% increase flexural modulus but reduce moldability and surface finish. Commercial grades corresponding to the generic designation PA12-GF30 include EMS Grilamid LV-3H, Arkema Rilsan BZM 30 GF, and Ensinger TECAMID 12 GF30; supplier-specific lot numbers and color packages introduce minor shifts in melt viscosity and tensile strength. The glass content is verified by ash content per ISO 3451-1, and the reinforced compound exhibits a density of 1.22–1.24 g/cm³ per ISO 1183-1. Water absorption at saturation in 23°C water is approximately 0.8–1.0% per ISO 62, compared with 1.4–1.5% for unfilled PA12, 5.5–6.5% for PA6-GF30, and 4.5–5.5% for PA66-GF30. The material is typically available in natural, black, and heat-stabilized grades; heat-stabilized variants are formulated for sustained air oven exposure up to 120°C, while standard glass-filled PA12 is generally limited to continuous service below 80°C under sustained mechanical load.
Pre-drying is mandatory at 80°C for 4–8 hours to reduce moisture below 0.10% by weight; Karl Fischer titration per ISO 15512 is the common verification method. Insufficient drying produces silver streaks and hydrolysis-induced reduction of molecular weight in the barrel. Melt temperature is maintained at 240–270°C; the lower limit is governed by fiber wet-out and the upper limit by the onset of thermal degradation, which accelerates above 280°C. Mold temperature is set between 60°C and 100°C, with 80–100°C preferred for thin-wall sections under 1.0 mm to permit adequate crystallization.
Because the 30 wt% glass fiber content raises melt viscosity, injection pressures of 80–120 MPa are typically required for multi-cavity tools on 80–120 tonne injection molding machines. Apparent melt viscosity at 260°C and 1000 s⁻¹ is typically in the range of 120–180 Pa·s for PA12-GF30, compared with 80–120 Pa·s for unfilled PA12 and 160–220 Pa·s for PA66-GF30 at equivalent shear rates. Screw design on the molding machine should use a low-compression screw and a non-return valve with 20–25 mm pitch to reduce fiber attrition; screw recovery speeds above 150 rpm can reduce retained fiber length and lower notched impact strength by 10–20% relative to slower recovery. Residence time at melt temperature should not exceed 8 minutes, and rapid purging is recommended during production interruptions. Compounding on a 40:1 L/D corotating twin-screw extruder with side-fed glass fibers and downstream strand pelletization is reported to produce tensile strength values 5–10% higher than hopper-fed glass because the side feed preserves longer fiber length.
In multi-cavity hot-runner tooling, valve-gated drops are preferred over edge gates because the 30% glass fraction increases gate wear and causes premature gate freeze at land lengths above 1.0 mm. Gate diameters below 0.8 mm have been associated with fiber jamming and non-uniform glass distribution across the cavity, while gate diameters of 1.0–1.5 mm are typical for wall sections from 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm. Weld-line strength is reduced to approximately 45–65% of the unfilled PA12 value when opposing flow fronts meet; placing the weld line in a low-stress region or increasing melt temperature to the upper end of the 240–270°C window partially offsets this loss. Published data for the specific effect of hot-runner temperature uniformity on PA12-GF30 weld-line retention is limited, but molders report that balancing manifold zones within ±5°C is critical for consistent part mass. A further process conflict arises between mold temperature and cycle time: higher mold temperatures of 90–100°C improve crystallinity and hydrolytic stability but extend cooling time by 10–20 s for 3 mm wall sections; lower mold temperatures of 60–70°C reduce cycle time but can produce a surface resin-rich layer and lower heat distortion temperature by 5–10°C. In production, the optimum is often 80°C for parts with wall thickness above 2.5 mm and 90–100°C for parts below 1.5 mm.
Tensile strength per ISO 527-2/1A is reported at 100–120 MPa in conditioned specimens, with tensile modulus at 6000–7500 MPa. Flexural modulus per ISO 178 ranges from 4500 MPa to 6000 MPa depending on mold temperature and fiber orientation. Notched Charpy impact at 23°C per ISO 179-1/1eA is typically 8–12 kJ/m², which is lower than unfilled PA12 values of 10–20 kJ/m² but comparable to many 30% glass-filled PA66 compounds at 7–10 kJ/m². Heat deflection temperature under 1.8 MPa per ISO 75-2 rises from 45–55°C for unfilled PA12 to 160–175°C for the 30% glass-filled grade. Linear thermal expansion parallel to flow falls to 30–50 ppm/K per ISO 11359-2, against 100–120 ppm/K for unfilled PA12; transverse expansion remains higher at 70–100 ppm/K, creating anisotropy in flat parts.
| Property | PA12-GF30 | PA12 unfilled | PA6-GF30 | PA66-GF30 | Test method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density (g/cm³) | 1.22–1.24 | 1.01–1.02 | 1.35–1.40 | 1.35–1.40 | ISO 1183-1 |
| Tensile strength (MPa) | 100–120 | 40–50 | 150–180 | 170–190 | ISO 527-2 |
| Flexural modulus (MPa) | 4500–6000 | 1200–1500 | 7000–9000 | 7500–9500 | ISO 178 |
| HDT at 1.8 MPa (°C) | 160–175 | 45–55 | 190–205 | 230–250 | ISO 75-2 |
| Notched Charpy 23°C (kJ/m²) | 8–12 | 10–20 | 10–15 | 7–10 | ISO 179-1/1eA |
| Water absorption saturation (%) | 0.8–1.0 | 1.4–1.5 | 5.5–6.5 | 4.5–5.5 | ISO 62 |
Values are typical supplier datasheet ranges for dry-as-molded or conditioned specimens; they are not specification limits. Property values vary with fiber orientation, wall thickness, and moisture condition.
The 30% glass-filled PA12 grade occupies a lower modulus and lower heat deflection position than PA6-GF30 and PA66-GF30, but it offers a measurable reduction in density and a step-change improvement in hydrolytic stability. In wet-end automotive or pneumatic applications, the moisture uptake of PA12-GF30 remains below 1.0% by weight at saturation, reducing the dimensional expansion and modulus loss that occur in PA6-GF30 after 500–1000 hours of water immersion at 80°C. A further difference is processing latitude: melt temperatures of 240–270°C permit molding in tools with lower thermal stability requirements and reduce energy input relative to PA66-GF30, which normally requires 285–305°C. Against unfilled PA12, the 30% glass-filled variant raises tensile strength from 40–50 MPa to 100–120 MPa and raises HDT from 45–55°C to 160–175°C at 1.8 MPa, but it also reduces notched impact toughness and introduces anisotropic shrinkage. Mold shrinkage of PA12-GF30 is typically 0.2–0.5% in the flow direction and 0.5–0.8% transverse, compared with 0.7–1.2% for unfilled PA12, a reduction that assists flatness control but demands gate placement analysis when roundness tolerance is below 0.3 mm.
Chemical resistance follows the PA12 backbone: the reinforced grade retains resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons, zinc chloride solutions, and glycol-based coolants, but it should not be exposed to concentrated mineral acids, phenols, or oxidizing media at elevated temperatures. In fuel-line connectors and quick-connect fittings, PA12-GF30 is selected for lower moisture uptake and better dimensional stability than PA6-GF30; burst-pressure retention after 1000 h diesel exposure at 60°C is often cited as a qualification criterion, although published data for this specific configuration is limited. In sports goods and orthotic components, the 30 wt% glass reinforcement provides sufficient stiffness for shell structures while avoiding the brittleness of higher-modulus PA66-GF30 at low temperature; PA12-GF30 retains more elongation at break at -40°C than PA66-GF30, with supplier datasheets generally in the 1.5–3.0% range versus 1.0–2.0% for PA66-GF30.
Thermal-oxidative stabilization of PA12-GF30 is typically achieved with copper halide or phenolic/phosphate packages, and continuous-use ratings for heat-stabilized grades are commonly 120°C in air per ISO 2578, while unstabilized grades are limited to approximately 80°C. Long-term oven aging at 150°C for 1000 h reduces tensile strength by 20–30% in standard grades, whereas stabilized grades retain more than 70% of initial tensile strength when tested per ISO 527-2 after air oven exposure. The glass fiber itself does not prevent oxidation of the matrix; surface cracking initiates at exposed fiber ends and propagates along the fiber-matrix interface. Therefore, applications with continuous under-hood temperatures above 100°C should specify heat-stabilized PA12-GF30 and validate using the specific part geometry rather than relying on raw-material data alone.
Regulatory compliance for PA12-GF30 grades typically includes RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU recast, REACH SVHC absence declarations, and FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 for nylon resins where the grade is listed for food-contact articles; glass fiber is covered by 21 CFR 177.2600 for component use. OEM specifications for automotive applications often reference ISO 1043-1 for designation, ISO 11469 for marking, and GADSL/IMDS declarations. Electrical grades may be UL 94 HB; V-0 versions require halogenated or phosphorus-based flame retardants that can reduce tensile strength by 10–20% relative to non-flame-retardant PA12-GF30. Documented batch-to-batch variation in glass content for commercial PA12-GF30 is generally controlled within ±2 wt%, with ash content per ISO 3451-1 reported on certificates of analysis.
