| HS Code | 377409 |
| Density | 0.9 g/cm³ |
| Melt Flow Rate | 8 g/10min (230°C/2.16kg) |
| Tensile Strength At Yield | 25 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | >200% |
| Flexural Modulus | 900 MPa |
| Izod Impact Strength | 60 J/m |
| Hardness | Rockwell R85 |
| Heat Deflection Temperature | 90 °C |
| Melting Point | 165 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 140 °C |
| Coefficient Of Linear Thermal Expansion | 100 × 10⁻⁶ /°C |
As an accredited Marco Polo International PP Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 25 kg polypropylene woven bags, palletized with 40 bags per pallet (1,000 kg), shrink-wrapped for protection. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Description: 20′ FCL loads of Marco Polo International PP Copolymer, packed in sturdy bags, ensuring safe, efficient bulk transport. |
| Shipping | Marco Polo International PP Copolymer ships as non-hazardous polypropylene resin in sealed moisture-proof bags, bulk sacks, or railcars. Protect from direct sunlight, humidity, and contamination. Store in a dry, ventilated area; handle with clean equipment. Avoid exposure to excessive heat to preserve material integrity and processability. |
| Storage | Store Marco Polo International PP Copolymer in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and open flames. Keep containers sealed and protected from physical damage. Avoid dust accumulation and static discharge. Do not store near strong oxidizers or incompatible materials. Use proper handling procedures and maintain good housekeeping to prevent contamination and preserve material quality. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 12 months from shipment date when stored in a dry, cool, shaded area. |
When cavity wall thickness drops below 0.45 mm and flow length-to-thickness ratio exceeds 250:1, the injection phase stability of Marco Polo International PP Copolymer becomes the controlling variable. A melt temperature window of 230 °C ± 10 °C is maintained because lower temperatures elevate cavity pressure and require injection speeds above 300 mm/s, while higher temperatures extend cycle time and introduce sink-mark risk at gate vestiges. The resin is processed on high-speed thin-wall injection machines with accumulator-assisted hydraulic or electric injection units, 24:1 to 25:1 L/D general-purpose screws, and hot-runner valve-gated moulds with 4 to 16 drops depending on cavitation. Mould temperature is held between 15 °C and 35 °C to achieve frozen-layer formation within 0.2 s to 0.5 s; higher mould temperatures facilitate weld-line strength but delay ejection for stack-mould configurations producing two-sided parts. Cycle time in a 32-cavity dairy cup mould is typically 4 s to 6 s; gate-seal time is shorter than holding-pressure time once cavity packing is completed.
Formulation for food-contact thin-wall containers uses the copolymer as the base resin with a total additive loading not exceeding 2.5 wt%. Nucleating agent is added at 0.05–0.15 wt%, antistatic concentrate at 0.05–0.20 wt%, slip/antiblock masterbatch at 0.10–0.30 wt%, and white or custom colour masterbatch at 1.0–2.0 wt%. Migration compliance is assessed under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 with an overall migration limit of 10 mg/dm² or 60 mg/kg simulant depending on the food type, and under US FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 for olefin polymers. The melt flow rate of the grade should be selected in the 25 g/10 min to 40 g/10 min range when measured at 230 °C/2.16 kg per ISO 1133-1:2022, because lower flow grades produce short shots in 0.35 mm dairy tub sidewalls. Terminal finished product types include single-serve dairy cups, ready-meal trays, margarine tubs, cold-store salad containers, and tamper-evident deli lids.
| Parameter | Setting/Range | Process Boundary | Reference Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nucleating agent | 0.05–0.15 wt% | Higher loading reduces transparency but shortens gel time in 0.35 mm wall | ISO 11357-3:2018 |
| Antistatic concentrate | 0.05–0.20 wt% | Surface resistivity above 10^12 Ω may cause dust pick-up on denesting line | IEC 61340-2-3:2016 |
| Slip/antiblock masterbatch | 0.10–0.30 wt% | Slip additive migration above 0.30 wt% increases haze and delami taint | ASTM D1003-21 |
| White masterbatch | 1.0–2.0 wt% | Higher titanium dioxide content raises melt pressure and gate wear | ISO 1183-1:2019 |
| Melt temperature | 230 ± 10 °C | Below 220 °C short shots in L/t ratios above 250:1 | ISO 1133-1:2022 |
Automotive interior substrates moulded from impact copolymer grades are qualified against low-temperature impact, low gloss, and VOC/FOG limits simultaneously. The inclusion of a dispersed ethylene-propylene rubber phase at the polymerisation stage provides notched Charpy impact values that remain measurable at −20 °C under ISO 179-1:2010, but stiffness and surface hardness decline as rubber content increases; therefore, talc reinforcement is applied at 10–20 wt% to recover flexural modulus to 1,800–2,400 MPa when tested under ISO 178:2010. Colour masterbatch is added at 2–4 wt%, antioxidant package at 0.10–0.30 wt%, and halogen-free UV stabilizer at 0.20–0.50 wt% for upper door trim exposed to glazing-adjacent sunlight. Process stabilizer loading is maintained at 0.05–0.10 wt% to reduce viscosity shift during residence times of 8–15 min in hot-runner manifolds.
The downstream production process is injection moulding at melt temperatures of 210–240 °C with mould temperatures of 30–60 °C; fast injection at 80–150 mm/s is used to minimise flow-mark visibility on textured Class A surfaces, but excessive shear rates above 15,000 s^-1 degrade rubber-particle morphology and produce tiger-stripe defects. Compliance for VOC and odour is tested under VDA 278:2011 thermal desorption and VDA 270:2018 odour panels, with typical OEM limits for total VOC below 50 µg/g and odour grade not exceeding 3.5 for interior substrates. REACH Regulation 1907/2006 and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II restrictions apply to pigments and stabilizers. Terminal finished product types include lower door trim panels, B-pillar covers, instrument panel carrier lower substrates, centre console side panels, and seat base outer shields.
| Qualification Requirement | Test Method | Typical Acceptance Range | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flexural modulus | ISO 178:2010 | 1,800–2,400 MPa | Loss of substrate stiffness below 1,800 MPa |
| Notched Charpy at −20 °C | ISO 179-1:2010 | 5–10 kJ/m² | Brittle crack propagation at clip towers |
| VOC total | VDA 278:2011 | ≤ 50 µg/g | Interior fogging on glazing |
| Odour | VDA 270:2018 | Grade ≤ 3.5 | Rejection after heated storage |
| Melt flow rate | ISO 1133-1:2022 | 12–25 g/10 min | High MFR reduces low-temperature impact |
Leachable profiles in non-implantable medical device enclosures become critical when moulded components contact pharmaceutical formulations or skin for limited exposure durations. The Marco Polo International PP Copolymer is supplied with a controlled additive package intended for gamma-sterilised applications at doses of 25–50 kGy; after irradiation, yellowness index should remain below 10 units under ASTM E313-20 and tensile elongation at break should retain at least 80 % of original value when measured per ISO 527-2:2012. Radiation-stabilised grades require antioxidant loading at 0.05–0.15 wt%, phosphite process stabilizer at 0.05–0.20 wt%, acid scavenger at 0.03–0.10 wt%, and non-heavy-metal colour masterbatch at 1.0–2.0 wt%. Slip agent is limited to 0.05–0.10 wt% to minimise leachable erucamide or oleamide contribution. Biological evaluation follows ISO 10993-1:2018, with cytotoxicity per ISO 10993-5:2009, chemical characterisation per ISO 10993-18:2020, and systemic injection tests under USP Class VI. Extractables testing is performed according to USP 661.1 and 661.2 for plastic packaging materials.
Downstream processing occurs in ISO Class 8 or Class 7 cleanrooms using electric injection moulding machines with 22:1 L/D screws and oil-free linear bearings. Melt temperature is held between 200 °C and 230 °C, while mould temperature is set at 20–50 °C to reduce condensation risk in dehumidified production halls. Hot-runner systems use medical-grade hot nozzles with polished flow paths; open-air resin conveying is replaced by closed-loop vacuum loaders to limit particulate contamination. Published data for this specific configuration under all sterilization cycles is limited; validation on finished component geometry is required. Terminal finished product types include inhaler actuator bodies, IV connector caps, sharps disposal containers, surgical stapler handles, and diagnostic device housings. This grade is not validated for long-term implantable use or for applications requiring USP Class VI certification on finished devices without further biocompatibility testing.
Logistics and returnable transport packaging moulders experience property deterioration when regrind ratios exceed 30 % in multi-trip pallets and dairy crates. The copolymer grade is formulated for toughness retention with a UV stabilizer package at 0.15–0.50 wt% hindered amine light stabilizer, antioxidant at 0.10–0.30 wt%, carbon black masterbatch at 1.0–3.0 wt% for outdoor service, and optional POE impact modifier at 5–10 wt% when crates must withstand corner impacts at −30 °C. Charpy notched impact at 23 °C is measured under ISO 179-1:2010; the acceptance threshold is often set at 15 kJ/m² for virgin material and 10 kJ/m² for a 30 % regrind blend. Density is controlled to 0.90–0.91 g/cm³ under ISO 1183-1:2019 to maintain the stiffness-to-weight ratio required by ISO 8611-1:2011 pallet load ratings.
Production is performed on large-tonnage injection moulding machines with clamping force from 1,200 t to 2,800 t, using accumulator-assisted injection to fill multi-drop cold-runner or hot-runner tools. Melt temperature is held at 220–250 °C, while mould temperature is kept between 20 °C and 50 °C because high mould temperatures extend cooling requirements for 8–12 mm thick pallet decks. Sequential valve gating is used to prevent weld-line failure at pallet cross-rib intersections; gas-counterpressure moulding is an alternative when sink marks on runner-block surfaces are unacceptable. Terminal finished product types include food-grade distribution crates, vented fruit and vegetable crates, collapsible bulk containers, heavy-duty pallets for automated storage, and returnable automotive dunnage trays.
Fatigue cracking in top-loading washing machine outer tubs initiates at the bearing insert and propagates through the moulded-in metal shaft seat when the resin lacks sufficient low-temperature impact and long-term heat-ageing resistance. The application requires the Marco Polo International PP Copolymer to survive 3,000–5,000 hot-wash cycles with water temperatures peaking at 90 °C and detergent exposure at pH 9–11. Talc-filled impact copolymer compounds are specified at 20–30 wt% talc to restrain creep and reduce linear thermal expansion to 55–70 µm/m·K when tested under ISO 11359-2:1999. Antioxidant stabilizer is added at 0.20–0.50 wt%, acid scavenger at 0.05–0.10 wt%, and colour masterbatch at 2–4 wt%; calcium stearate is reduced or eliminated in grades designated for long-term hot-water contact to minimise deposit formation. Electrical safety compliance follows IEC 60335-1:2020, and material flammability classification is evaluated under UL 94 HB for appliance enclosures.
Processing uses sequential valve-gated injection moulding with clamp forces of 800–1,500 t. Melt temperature is limited to 210–240 °C because excessive heat increases degradation of the impact copolymer phase and raises volatile condensates inside the mould. Mould temperature is set between 40 °C and 70 °C to stabilise crystallisation at the bearing-housing insert; core cooling is set 30–50 °C lower than cavity cooling to prevent warpage at the shaft seat. In-line regrind of sprues and runners is permitted up to 15 wt% without reducing weld-line burst strength below 1.0 MPa in hot-water hydrostatic testing. Terminal finished product types include washing machine outer tubs, dryer base frames, dishwasher lower spray-arm supports, and air-conditioner condensate trays.
Closure shells for carbonated soft drinks require resistance to environmental stress cracking when the internal pressure reaches 3.5–4.5 bar and the filled package is stored at 40 °C for 72 h in accelerated ESCR screening. The Marco Polo International PP Copolymer performs in this application when its melt flow rate is set between 20 g/10 min and 35 g/10 min under ISO 1133-1:2022 to fill 1.2–2.5 g closure shells without excessive orientation. Slip agent is added at 0.05–0.12 wt%, nucleating agent at 0.10–0.25 wt%, antioxidant at 0.05–0.20 wt%, acid scavenger at 0.03–0.10 wt%, and colour masterbatch at 1.0–3.0 wt%. Food-contact compliance follows Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 and FDA 21 CFR 177.1520, with organoleptic testing per EN 1622 to assess taint and odour of packaged water after 72 h at 40 °C.
Downstream production uses high-cavitation closure moulds with 32 to 96 cavities and cycle times of 3–7 s on electric injection machines. Melt temperature is held at 200–240 °C; mould temperature is set at 5–15 °C using chilled water to achieve dimensional stability of the tamper-evident bridge and to reduce post-mould shrinkage below 0.5 % when measured after 24 h at 23 °C. Hot-runner thermal balance across all cavities is controlled to ±2 °C to prevent inconsistent bridge break torque. Terminal finished product types include single-piece carbonated soft drink closures, aseptic beverage caps, sports caps with tamper band, and necked-in mineral water closures.
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Marco Polo International PP Copolymer is a reactor-grade heterophasic polypropylene impact copolymer supplied as a pelletized feed for injection moulding, sheet extrusion, and selected blow moulding operations. The continuous phase is a polypropylene homopolymer, while the dispersed phase consists of ethylene-propylene rubber particles formed in-reactor; this morphology raises notched impact resistance relative to polypropylene homopolymer and retains a higher flexural modulus than a random copolymer of equivalent melt flow. The product line is differentiated by three parameters: nominal melt flow rate determined under ISO 1133-1 at 230 °C/2.16 kg, nominal flexural modulus determined under ISO 178, and nominal notched impact strength determined under ISO 180/A. The model identifier encodes resin class, nominal melt flow rate, and nominal flexural modulus; exact lot values are confirmed from the supplier certificate of analysis because published data for this specific configuration is limited to technical data sheets.
In component design, the material is specified where a homopolymer would fail in low-temperature impact and a random copolymer would offer insufficient stiffness or heat deflection. Typical conversion routes include thin-wall food packaging with wall thickness below 1.0 mm, automotive interior trim, appliance housings, and battery trays. The distinction from standard polypropylene products is quantified in property comparisons and in process behaviour: the impact copolymer consumes less cooling time for an equivalent wall because crystallinity is depressed by the rubber phase, but it also exhibits higher shrinkage anisotropy and requires more attention to gate placement.
The performance envelope of the impact copolymer class is defined by low-temperature notched impact response relative to flexural modulus. The values in Table 1 represent the 80% confidence interval for reactor-grade impact copolymers with a melt flow rate between 12 and 35 g/10 min; they are not a substitute for supplier data for the selected Marco Polo International PP Copolymer grade, and they should be verified under the final moulding conditions.
| Property | Test method | PP homopolymer | PP impact copolymer | PP random copolymer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melt flow rate | ISO 1133-1 | 12–35 g/10 min | 12–35 g/10 min | 8–25 g/10 min |
| Flexural modulus | ISO 178 | 1300–1800 MPa | 1100–1500 MPa | 800–1200 MPa |
| Notched Izod impact at 23 °C | ISO 180/A | 2–4 kJ/m² | 15–35 kJ/m² | 5–10 kJ/m² |
| Notched Izod impact at -20 °C | ISO 180/A | <3 kJ/m² | 6–12 kJ/m² | 2–4 kJ/m² |
| Vicat softening temperature A50 | ISO 306 | 150–155 °C | 140–150 °C | 125–135 °C |
| Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa | ISO 75-2 | 100–110 °C | 90–105 °C | 80–95 °C |
| Mould shrinkage in flow direction | ISO 294-4 | 0.6–1.2% | 0.8–1.6% | 0.7–1.4% |
Impact enhancement arises from rubber particle size distribution and interparticle distance. In reactor grades, the ethylene-propylene rubber domains are commonly below 2 μm, which promotes shear yield without a proportional loss in flexural modulus. The difference from random copolymer is most pronounced at -20 °C: random copolymer grades often fall below 4 kJ/m² under ISO 180/A, whereas impact copolymer grades remain within 6–12 kJ/m². The trade-off is a reduction in optical transparency; heterophasic grades appear translucent or opaque depending on nucleating and pigment packages.
On a 180-tonne hydraulic injection moulding machine equipped with a 24:1 L/D general-purpose screw and a reverse-taper shut-off nozzle, the material is processed at a barrel temperature profile of 210 °C in the feed zone rising to 230–250 °C at the nozzle, with a mould temperature between 20 °C and 50 °C depending on surface finish and warpage limits. Table 2 summarizes a start-up window for unfilled impact copolymer grades within the stated melt flow range. These are not optimized process settings; they function as a starting point before gate-seal and pressure-drop studies.
| Processing parameter | Start-up range |
|---|---|
| Feed zone barrel temperature | 200–210 °C |
| Compression zone barrel temperature | 220–240 °C |
| Metering zone and nozzle temperature | 230–250 °C |
| Mould temperature | 20–50 °C |
| Back pressure | 0.5–1.5 MPa |
| Fill time for thin wall | 0.2–0.5 s |
| Hold pressure | 60–80% of peak injection pressure |
| Cooling time for 2.0 mm wall | 8–20 s |
| Maximum idle screw recovery | 5–10 s |
Back pressure is held between 0.5 and 1.5 MPa to allow homogeneous melting without excessive shear heating. Injection speed is selected on the basis of flow length/wall thickness ratio; for thin-wall packaging with a flow length/wall thickness ratio above 250, a fill time of 0.2–0.5 seconds may be required to prevent premature freeze-off at the gate. Hold pressure between 60% and 80% of peak injection pressure is applied for 3–10 seconds depending on gate diameter and wall thickness; premature hold release increases sink marks at ribs and bosses, while excessive hold pressure raises moulded-in stress and can lead to post-demould distortion.
Crystallization kinetics govern cooling time. Because the heterophasic impact copolymer has lower crystallinity than homopolymer, cooling time is generally shorter at equivalent wall thickness, but shrinkage anisotropy is higher because of the rubber phase. The processor should measure post-mould shrinkage at 24 h and 48 h, not immediately after demoulding. For an unfilled impact copolymer, mould shrinkage in the flow direction is typically 0.8–1.6%, while transverse shrinkage is 0.9–1.8%; the difference contributes to warpage in flat parts unless gate location is optimized. Hot-runner systems should avoid dead spots and high shear points at the gate; a heated sprue bushing and open nozzle are preferred for the higher-flow grades.
Sheet extrusion of the impact copolymer at thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm is performed on a single-screw extruder with an L/D 30:1 barrier screw and a melt temperature of 220–240 °C. Chill roll temperature is set at 15–25 °C. The dispersed rubber phase lowers melt sag relative to a homopolymer of the same melt flow, which is an advantage in deep-draw thermoforming but requires constant sheet tension to avoid gauge variation. For food trays, the sheet is thermoformed at a surface temperature of 150–160 °C; plug assist with heated aluminium is used for draw ratios above 1:1. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for draw ratios exceeding 2:1; a full-scale thermoforming trial is required before tooling commitment.
Although polypropylene is not hygroscopic at the level of polyamide, surface moisture on pellets or regrind can generate splay on the part surface and reduce weld-line strength in unreinforced impact copolymer grades. If bags have been opened for more than 4 h at relative humidity above 60%, a pre-drying step of 80 °C for 2–4 h in a desiccant dryer with a dew point below -20 °C is recommended. Regrind incorporation above 20% by weight should not be used for food-contact or impact-critical applications unless the lot has been qualified with a falling-weight impact test at -20 °C under ISO 6603-2; repeated heat history can cause rubber phase chain scission. Batch-to-batch variation in melt flow rate should be monitored by in-line rheology rather than laboratory spot testing alone. If a lot arrives with melt flow rate outside the agreed tolerance of ±2 g/10 min, injection pressure and hold time must be adjusted before tool change is attempted.
High-shear dispersion during plasticating can reduce impact if the rubber particles are broken too finely. Screw recovery should not continue for more than 5–10 seconds of idle rotation after shot metering because excessive shear heating may raise melt temperature above 260 °C and accelerate oxidative degradation. Barrel residence time above 15 min at temperatures above 230 °C should be avoided; purging with a melt-flow transition resin is required before and after colour changes. Avoid continuous back pressure above 2.0 MPa when screw speed exceeds 150 rpm because shear heating can degrade the rubber phase and shift the notched impact response below the design value.
Receiving inspection of each lot should include melt flow rate under ISO 1133-1, ash content under ISO 3451-1, and pellet size distribution by sieving. The presence of fines above 0.5% by mass can disturb feed stability in single-screw extruders, causing output variation of ±5–8% in thin-wall sheet lines. If the material is supplied in bulk rail cars, a top/middle/bottom stream sample should be collected after conveying because pellet segregation can shift the effective melt flow rate by ±1.5 g/10 min. For automotive exterior parts, colour and UV stabilizer content are confirmed by spectrophotometer and accelerated weathering under ISO 4892-2; this is not a substitute for real-world Florida or Arizona exposure data.
Grades supplied for food-contact applications may be specified to comply with FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 for olefin polymers and with European Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 Annex I when the converter verifies overall migration below 10 mg/dm² under the intended food simulant. Electrical and electronic applications may require supplier declarations for RoHS 2011/65/EU Annex II restricted substances and the REACH SVHC candidate list. The converter is responsible for verifying that processing aids, colour concentrates, and post-consumer recyclate do not alter the compliance status of the final article. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; written declarations should be obtained from the supplier before use in regulated products.
Compared with a homopolymer that is impact-modified by melt compounding with ethylene-octene or EPDM masterbatch, the in-reactor dispersion in Marco Polo International PP Copolymer gives a narrower rubber particle size distribution and lower gel content. In compounded systems, notched impact at -20 °C may vary by 20–30% across processing lots because dispersion depends on twin-screw screw speed, feed rate, and residence time; reactor-made impact copolymers reduce that source of variability because the rubber phase is formed during polymerization. The practical difference appears in processing: compounded TPO blends often require a twin-screw compounding extruder with L/D 40:1 to achieve acceptable dispersion, then a separate pelletizing step, while the reactor-grade product is fed directly to the moulding machine.
The second difference is mechanical efficiency. Reactor-grade impact modification achieves the same notched impact at a lower rubber content than post-reactor blending; as a result, the flexural modulus is retained at 1100–1500 MPa rather than falling below 900 MPa in some heavily compounded TPO blends. The third difference concerns volatile and low-molecular-weight species: post-reactor blends may retain oligomeric fractions from the elastomer masterbatch, while reactor grades are degassed and stabilized during polymerization. This distinction matters in automotive interior applications where fogging is controlled according to ISO 6452 or internal OEM standards.
For automotive interior trim where low gloss and scratch resistance are specified, the impact copolymer is typically moulded at a melt temperature of 230–250 °C and tested for falling-weight impact at -20 °C under ISO 6603-2. In battery tray applications, the moulded article is inspected for knit-line strength at the molten flow front because the rubber phase slows interdiffusion across the fusion boundary; weld-line tensile strength may be 20–30% lower than the intact material, and gates should be positioned to move weld lines away from high-stress bosses or mounting points.
