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Lotte Chemical HDPE HIVOREX FL7000

    • Product Name: Lotte Chemical HDPE HIVOREX FL7000
    • Factroy Site: Yudu County, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
    • Price Inquiry: admin@ascent-chem.com
    • Manufacturer: Ascent Petrochem Holdings Co., Limited
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    Specifications
    HS Code 740249
    Density 0.953 g/cm3
    Melt Flow Rate 190 C 2 16 Kg 0.05 g/10 min
    Melt Flow Rate 190 C 21 6 Kg 7.0 g/10 min
    Melting Point 131 °C
    Vicat Softening Point 124 °C
    Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa 75 °C
    Tensile Strength At Yield 25 MPa
    Tensile Strength At Break 30 MPa
    Elongation At Break 600 %
    Flexural Modulus 1000 MPa
    Notched Izod Impact Strength 60 J/m
    Shore D Hardness 60
    Environmental Stress Crack Resistance >1000 h
    Brittleness Temperature -70 °C
    Haze 20 %
    Gloss 10 %

    As an accredited Lotte Chemical HDPE HIVOREX FL7000 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Lotte Chemical HDPE HIVOREX FL7000 is packaged in 25 kg polyethylene-lined bags, typically palletized, with 1,000 kg jumbo bags available.
    Container Loading (20′ FCL) Lotte Chemical HDPE HIVOREX FL7000 in 25 kg bags, palletized and shrink-wrapped, loaded into 20′ FCL at approx. 18–20 MT net.
    Shipping Lotte Chemical HDPE HIVOREX FL7000 is supplied as non-hazardous polyethylene pellets in 25 kg bags or 500–1000 kg jumbo bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped. Ship in clean, dry trucks or containers, away from moisture, heat, direct sunlight, and contamination; no special hazardous shipping classification.
    Storage Store Lotte Chemical HDPE HIVOREX FL7000 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse, away from direct sunlight, heat, flames, and strong oxidizers. Keep original bags closed and palletized off the floor to prevent moisture, dust, and contamination. Protect from rain and prolonged UV exposure. Maintain clean, dry conditions and follow first-in, first-out rotation and the supplier’s SDS. Do not store outdoors.
    Shelf Life Lotte Chemical HDPE HIVOREX FL7000: indefinite shelf life when stored cool and dry, away from sunlight, moisture, heat, contaminants.
    Application of Lotte Chemical HDPE HIVOREX FL7000

    In high-output vest bag lines producing 8–18 µm thin gauge carriers, Lotte Chemical HDPE HIVOREX FL7000 is typically processed on a 50 mm or 65 mm grooved-feed single-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 30:1 and a barrier flight screw equipped with a Maddock shear mixing section. The grade is a high-molecular-weight HDPE film resin with a density in the 0.950–0.955 g/cm³ range and a melt-flow index below 0.1 g/10 min under ISO 1133-1:2022. Because the melt-flow index places FL7000 in the HMW-HDPE blown film class, cast film processing and injection moulding are not recommended; standard chill-roll lines and reciprocating injection screws generate excessive melt pressure and poor melt distribution with this viscosity class. Barrel temperature profiles from feed to die are generally set at 180 °C, 205 °C, 215 °C, and 220 °C, with die zones held at 215–225 °C to avoid melt fracture while maintaining bubble stiffness. A die gap of 1.2–1.6 mm with a dual-lip air ring and internal bubble cooling permits a blow-up ratio of 3.8:1–4.2:1; die diameters of 80–120 mm are common on lines producing bag widths from 250 mm to 600 mm. Finished vest bags are sealed and cut on side-weld or bottom-weld bag machines at cycle rates of 150–300 bags/min, depending on film thickness and web width. Mechanical requirements for the carrier bag application are assessed under ISO 527-3 tensile properties, ISO 6383-2 Elmendorf tear resistance, and ASTM D1709 Method A dart drop; for a 12 µm monolayer film, commercial specifications commonly require tensile strength at break above 25 MPa in the machine direction and transverse Elmendorf tear in the 20–80 mN range, although grade-specific certificates should be consulted because published data for FL7000 at this exact gauge may be limited. Formulation adjustments in this segment include the addition of 10–20 wt% linear low-density polyethylene or metallocene LLDPE to improve dart impact and bag drop resistance; increasing LLDPE content above 20 wt% reduces tensile modulus and raises elongation, which can lead to handle stretch under repeated loading. Antioxidant and processing stabilizer packages supplied with the resin are designed for blown film extrusion; additional masterbatches should be restricted to those specified for polyolefin film contact. Surface moisture pickup during humid storage above 60 % RH can cause bubble pinholes and surface roughness; when sacks have been stored in unheated warehouses, pre-drying at 70–80 °C for 2–3 h in a desiccant hopper drier is required before extrusion. Production failure modes observed on the line include sharkskin melt fracture on the bubble exterior when output exceeds 1.2 kg/h·cm per die circumference at die gaps below 1.0 mm, and die lines caused by degraded gel accumulation on the mandrel when purge intervals exceed 8 h. Wound roll blocking occurs if the film surface temperature at the collapsing frame is above 35 °C; contact nip pressure should remain below 350 N/m with cooling air below 25 °C and dew point below 10 °C.

    What Limits Bubble Stability When FL7000 Is Run at 4.0 Blow-Up Ratio on Waste Sack Dies?

    Bubble stability on refuse sack extrusion lines is governed by frost line height, venturi air velocity, and die-lip pressure balance rather than melt strength alone. For FL7000, the melt membrane can sustain a blow-up ratio of 4.0:1 only when the frost line is held at 6–8 die diameters above the die; lowering the frost line below 5 die diameters produces excessive transverse orientation and visible bubble wavering at the frost line, resulting in gauge bands of ±8 % or more across the layflat. Extruders fitted with a 90 mm or 100 mm die and a 1.4 mm die gap are typically operated at 220–230 °C melt temperature for waste sack gauges from 30 µm to 60 µm. Output per die circumference above 1.1 kg/h·cm should be avoided unless internal bubble cooling is installed because a single-lip external air ring cannot remove heat sufficiently, and the bubble becomes susceptible to vertical oscillation. Refuse sacks require puncture resistance and environmental stress crack resistance, especially for wet organic waste; relevant methods include ASTM D1709 for dart impact, ASTM D5748 for puncture-propagation tear, and ASTM D1693-15 Condition A for environmental stress cracking. A 30 µm HMW-HDPE film of this density class is commonly specified with dart drop values above 180 g and puncture-propagation tear forces that should be compared against incoming certificate values, because molecular weight distribution differences alter these results by 5–10 % from batch to batch. For communal waste sacks, 100 % FL7000 is run when transverse tear resistance is the controlling criterion; if low-temperature impact after outdoor storage is required, 10–15 wt% octene-based LLDPE may be added at the expense of stiffness. Polymerized fluoropolymer processing aid masterbatches at 300–500 ppm are used when die gaps fall below 1.2 mm to suppress melt fracture. On a 200 kg/h line, the winder is frequently the limiting unit; because dense HDPE film develops blocking under high winding tension, taper tension is reduced from 180 N to 100 N as roll diameter increases from 300 mm to 900 mm.

    Although heavy-duty industrial liners and construction sheeting are less visually critical than retail packaging, they impose a more severe continuously applied static load and require robust seal integrity. This segment processes FL7000 into 50–120 µm flat or gusseted tubing for bulk packaging of mineral fines, resin granules, and agritech chemical loads. In a 65 mm grooved-feed extruder with a 120 mm die and a 1.8 mm die gap, melt temperature is raised to 225–240 °C because the high melt viscosity of the resin can generate backpressures above 350 bar at lower temperatures. The blow-up ratio is reduced to 2.8:1–3.2:1 to orient the film less in the transverse direction and preserve creep resistance along the machine direction. Because the film is sealed into form-fill-seal gusseted bags on automated lines, seal initiation temperature and hot-tack window are more important than tensile yield; seal bar pressure is held at 2.0–3.0 bar over a 0.5–1.0 s dwell time at 135–155 °C. The terminal sack is tested under ISO 527-3 for tensile strength, ISO 6383-2 for tear propagation, and ASTM F88/F88M for seal strength; an 80 µm industrial gusseted sack commonly requires a minimum seal strength of 8 N/15 mm. For UV-protected stock, 2.0–3.0 wt% carbon black masterbatch with a primary particle size below 25 nm is added, and the film is exposed to UV-B according to ISO 4892-2; retention of 70 % tensile elongation after 500 h is a typical acceptance threshold. The principal production failure in this application is die-lip deposition from carbon black agglomeration when the masterbatch carrier resin is incompatible, causing narrow gauge bands and weld-line splitting at side gussets. Operators purge with a cast-stearate or silica-containing purge compound every 8–10 h when carbon black loading exceeds 2.5 wt%. Because the finished sacks may contact non-food chemical products, compliance with REACH EC 1907/2006 and the heavy-metal concentration limits of the EU Packaging Directive 94/62/EC is mandatory, typically below 100 mg/kg for the sum of lead, cadmium, mercury, and hexavalent chromium.

    Compliance test matrix across FL7000 blown film applications
    Downstream segmentDesignationParameterTypical target
    Retail vest bagsISO 527-3Tensile strength at break> 25 MPa at 12 µm
    Refuse sacksASTM D1709 Method ADart impact, F50> 180 g at 30 µm
    Industrial linersASTM F88/F88MSeal strength≥ 8 N/15 mm at 80 µm
    Vapour retarderASTM E96/E96MWater vapour permeance< 3.0 ng/(m²·s·Pa) at 250 µm
    Food linersFDA 21 CFR 177.1520Resin statusVirgin grade only
    Post-consumer blendEN 15343:2007Recycled content traceabilityAudited mass balance

    Vapour Retarder Film Chemistry and Puncture Resistance in Below-Grade Enclosure Liners

    Moisture ingress through foundation sheeting and crawl-space liners is governed by permeance rather than tensile yield, which shifts the specification focus toward ASTM E96/E96M desiccant method values and puncture resistance after aggregate backfill. FL7000 can be extruded into 150–300 µm black or clear sheeting that functions as a Class A vapour retarder when permeance is below 3.0 ng/(m²·s·Pa), equivalent to approximately 0.05 US perm, although the exact value depends on thickness and test temperature. Below-grade liners are produced on large-diameter dies from 150 mm to 300 mm with single-screw extruders of 90–120 mm screw diameter, using a low blow-up ratio of 2.0:1–2.5:1 to maintain gauge uniformity across wide layflats; internal bubble cooling is mandatory above 200 µm thickness because carbon-black-loaded film retains heat at the collapsing frame. Melt temperatures are held at 230–245 °C while the die gap is opened to 1.8–2.2 mm to reduce shear heating and gel formation. Because backfill puncturing is a primary field failure, ASTM D4833 puncture resistance and ASTM D5748 puncture-propagation tear are specified; for 250 µm HDPE sheeting, a static puncture failure load above 200 N is often required, but project-specific geotechnical specifications should always override generic values. Seams are bonded by wedge welding or hot-air welding at 350–400 °C with a travel speed of 1.0–2.5 m/min; weld strength is evaluated by ASTM D6392 for peel and shear. The sheeting is anchored to foundation walls with polymer termination bars and fasteners at 200–300 mm spacing; the film must not be exposed to ketone-based solvents because restrained environmental stress cracking of HDPE can occur. UV stabilizer packages are required if the liner is exposed before backfill for more than 14 days; 2.5–3.0 wt% of a PE-compatible carbon black masterbatch with 50 nm primary particle size provides opacity and retention of tensile elongation under ISO 4892-2.

    During dry-food packaging runs where HDPE film is used as cereal pouch liners, cracker sleeves, and powdered beverage overwrap, line hygiene and organoleptic neutrality determine whether FL7000 can be assigned to the structure. The resin must be processed as a 15–35 µm blown film on a line that has been purged of recycled or colour-masterbatch residues for at least two residence times before starting; residual carbon black or grey concentrate from industrial liner campaigns produces visible specks that disqualify food-grade material. This application uses 100 % virgin FL7000 without post-consumer recyclate, and only food-contact stabilizers and slip/antiblock masterbatches authorised under EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 and FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 may be introduced. Processing temperatures are maintained at 200–225 °C to limit oxidative decomposition products that contribute to off-taste; when melt temperature exceeds 260 °C, low-molecular-weight volatile fractions are generated and the film may fail organoleptic panel testing under ISO 13302:2003. The blown film is typically corona-treated to a surface energy of 38–42 dyn/cm for lamination or printing with water-based inks; treatment above 44 dyn/cm increases seal initiation variability and can create blocking during storage. Seal strength on vertical form-fill-seal machines is measured by ASTM F88/F88M; for a 25 µm pouch, a hot-seal strength of at least 6 N/15 mm is typically targeted at 140–155 °C seal bar temperature. The food-contact status of FL7000 should be confirmed against the supplier's food-contact statement and the applicable regional migration testing, because the resin alone does not guarantee compliance if the final package includes inks, coatings, or adhesives.

    When Post-Consumer Recyclate Is Added to FL7000 in Refuse Sack Skin Layers

    Blending post-consumer HDPE regranulate from milk bottles and detergent containers with FL7000 alters melt filtration requirements and narrows the processing window. In three-layer refuse sack coextrusion, the core layer may contain 30–50 wt% recycled HDPE, while the outer skins use 80–100 wt% virgin FL7000 to retain dart impact and seal integrity. The recycled fraction is dried to below 200 ppm moisture and fed through a continuous melt filter with 100–150 µm mesh; contraries above 150 µm cause die-lip striations and pinholes in 40 µm film. Melt temperature in the recycled core layer is limited to 220–230 °C because polar contaminants from adhesives and labels degrade at higher temperatures and contribute to volatiles and odour. The film is tested according to ASTM D1709, ISO 6383-2, and ISO 527-3; a 45 µm three-layer structure with 40 wt% regranulate typically exhibits 15–25 % lower dart impact and 10–20 % lower Elmendorf tear compared with 100 % virgin film of equivalent gauge, so the gauge is often increased from 30 µm to 45 µm to meet the same load-bearing specification. Batch-to-batch feedstock variation from post-consumer sources is the primary production risk; melt filtration pressure rises from 120 bar to over 200 bar as the screen pack loads with paper fibre and PET particles. Screen pack change intervals can shorten to 2–4 h at high contaminant loading, and a dual-piston screen changer with backflush capability is required for continuous lines. The compound must satisfy EN 15343:2007 for recycled content traceability and the relevant REACH EC 1907/2006 restrictions; the final sack is not suitable for food contact because migration of non-food contaminants cannot be excluded.

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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Lotte Chemical HDPE HIVOREX FL7000 is a high-molecular-weight high-density polyethylene blown-film resin intended for thin-gauge flexible packaging applications such as T-shirt grocery sacks, high-strength refuse sacks, and industrial liners. Manufacturer-published data list a nominal density of 0.949 g/cm³ determined by ASTM D1505 and a melt flow rate of 0.04 g/10 min at 190 °C under a 2.16 kg load determined by ASTM D1238 or ISO 1133-1:2022. The combination of low melt flow rate and density places the product in the high-molecular-weight HDPE film class rather than in medium-molecular-weight HDPE grades with melt flow rates near 0.7 g/10 min, which are more typical of thick-sheet or low-melt-strength extrusion. The product is distinguished from LLDPE film resins by higher stiffness and higher melting temperature, and from conventional monomodal HDPE film grades by a broader molecular weight distribution that contributes to high-stalk bubble stability. Published data for this specific configuration is limited where the application involves coextruded layers with high melt-index polyolefins; qualification is therefore required on the production line.

    The resin is processed almost exclusively in high-stalk blown film lines equipped with grooved-feed extruders and die heads designed for high-molecular-weight polyolefins. In such lines, the molten stalk above the die is intentionally elongated before expansion; this configuration requires sufficient melt strength to prevent stalk sag and bubble instability. The low melt flow rate of HIVOREX FL7000 provides that melt strength, while the 0.949 g/cm³ density reduces film stiffness relative to 0.952 g/cm³ HDPE film grades. That density difference is small but measurable in low-gauge sacks where machine-direction secant modulus and bag-opening behavior of stacked merchandise are evaluated. On production lines using grooved-feed extruders, the feed zone is typically not cooled, because the grooved barrel section uses forced conveying and does not rely on frictional heat generation in the feed pocket. Screw designs with a barrier melting section and a Maddock mixing element are commonly specified for high-molecular-weight HDPE. Output stability is controlled by melt-pressure instrumentation; pressure excursions can occur if the screen pack becomes blinded, and a final screen-pack configuration is normally selected to hold die pressure within the limits specified by the die manufacturer.

    What Melt Fracture and Bubble Stability Phenomena Distinguish HMW-HDPE Film Grades?

    High-molecular-weight HDPE film grades such as HIVOREX FL7000 exhibit a narrower processing window for sharkskin and melt fracture on conventional blown film dies, but a wider stable-stalk window, because the long-chain fraction increases melt relaxation time and zero-shear viscosity. On a grooved-feed extruder with a screw diameter of 60 mm and a length-to-diameter ratio of 30:1, melt temperature is typically held between 204 °C and 232 °C at the die. Lower melt temperatures increase back pressure and can generate sharkskin on the inner bubble surface, while higher temperatures reduce melt strength and destabilize the stalk. The onset of gross melt fracture in an annular die is influenced by output rate, die gap, and melt temperature. For this grade, die gaps below 1.0 mm are generally avoided because the high melt viscosity elevates die-head pressure; specific pressure limits must be confirmed with the die manufacturer.

    Blow-up ratios above 5:1 can produce asymmetric thickness profiles and bubble flapping unless an internal bubble cooling control system is used. Blow-up ratios below 3:1 reduce transverse orientation and may lower dart impact resistance. The recommended window therefore reflects a compromise between melt fracture limits at the die and bubble stability limits above the frost line. Capillary rheometry according to ISO 11443 is used to characterize the shear-rate dependence of the melt; however, resin-specific viscosity curves are not always published. Converters generally establish the acceptable temperature and die-gap window through production-scale bubble stability trials and gauge variation mapping.

    Thin-gauge T-shirt sack production at 12–15 µm thickness uses dart impact resistance tested by ASTM D1709 Condition A, Elmendorf tear tested by ASTM D1922, and tensile properties tested by ASTM D882. In commercial blown film operations, the grade is typically run at die gaps of 1.2–1.8 mm and blow-up ratios of 3.5:1 to 4.5:1; the high-stalk bubble is maintained with the frost line height between 8 and 12 die diameters. These conditions promote balanced orientation, reduce gauge variation, and permit downgauging from 18 µm to 12 µm in selected bag styles. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for online gauge variability; however, extrusion equipment builders specify the same parameter window for similar high-molecular-weight HDPE film resins.

    Molecular Weight Distribution and Its Impact on Down-Gauging Versus LLDPE

    Compared with linear low-density polyethylene film grades, HIVOREX FL7000 provides higher 1% secant modulus and tensile yield strength but lower Elmendorf tear and puncture resistance at equivalent thickness. Typical high-molecular-weight HDPE film of this density class exhibits machine-direction 1% secant modulus values above 600 MPa, while a butene LLDPE film with a density of 0.918 g/cm³ generally falls below 250 MPa when measured according to ASTM D882. This stiffness difference allows HDPE film to be downgauged in applications where bag-opening force, inherent stand-up, and yield strength are the controlling performance measures. The trade-off is lower extensibility; LLDPE typically exhibits higher elongation at break and better resistance to slow puncture.

    Variable HIVOREX FL7000 Medium-MW HDPE film resin Butene LLDPE film resin
    Nominal density 0.949 g/cm³ 0.952 g/cm³ 0.918 g/cm³
    Melt flow rate, 190 °C/2.16 kg 0.04 g/10 min 0.7 g/10 min 1.0 g/10 min
    Typical blown film die gap 1.2–1.8 mm 0.8–1.5 mm 1.0–2.5 mm
    High-stalk blow-up ratio 3.5:1–4.5:1 Not typical 2.0:1–3.0:1

    The choice between HIVOREX FL7000 and an LLDPE-rich blend is therefore governed by the desired film stiffness, heat resistance, and downgauging potential. In refuse sacks requiring higher tear propagation resistance, converters may blend FL7000 with LLDPE at 10–30 wt%; the blend retains stiffness while increasing machine-direction Elmendorf tear according to ASTM D1922. Higher LLDPE addition levels beyond 50 wt% shift the bubble toward a low-stalk configuration and reduce the benefit of the high melt strength of the HDPE fraction.

    In practice, the replacement of a medium-molecular-weight HDPE film resin with HIVOREX FL7000 on an existing low-stalk line is not straightforward. The low MFR increases extruder torque at the same screw speed, and the die gap must be opened from 0.8 mm to at least 1.2 mm to prevent die-lip deposits and melt fracture. If a converter attempts to run this grade on a conventional low-stalk bubble configuration with a short frost line, the bubble may become unstable because the high-molecular-weight fraction requires a longer relaxation distance. A transition to a high-stalk configuration with the frost line height moved to 8–12 die diameters is usually required. These equipment differences are among the main operational distinctions between this product and lower-viscosity HDPE film grades.

    When Coextruded Layer Ratios Are Shifted Below 20 wt% in Blown Film Lines

    In multi-layer coextruded sack films, HIVOREX FL7000 is commonly assigned to the core layer to provide gauge control, stiffness, and melt strength. When the core layer is reduced below 20 wt%, the blown bubble may lose dimensional stability if the skin layers are high-melt-index LLDPE grades. The interfacial viscosity ratio between a 0.04 g/10 min HDPE core and a 1.0 g/10 min LLDPE skin can induce interfacial waviness, particularly in spiral mandrel dies with long flow paths. Layer ratios between 40 wt% and 70 wt% for the HDPE core are therefore more common in commercial production.

    When the core layer is used at lower loadings, die design becomes more important. Spiral mandrel geometries with a barrier length selected for high-viscosity melts reduce layer non-uniformity; melt-temperature differences between extruders should be maintained below 10 °C to avoid interfacial instability. In five-layer lines, placing LDPE-rich skins next to the core can reduce melt strength mismatch because LDPE has a broader molecular weight distribution and lower viscosity than LLDPE. However, LDPE skin layers also reduce film stiffness and may require an increase in HDPE core thickness to maintain the targeted 1% secant modulus measured by ASTM D882.

    Interfacial instabilities are often first visible as narrow bands of haze at the boundary between the core and skin layers. This is not an inherent resin defect; it is a flow instability caused by viscosity mismatch and layer ratio. When the viscosity ratio exceeds 3:1 between adjacent melts, layer thickness uniformity can deteriorate even though the individual resins are within specification. Therefore, coextrusion trials should include cross-direction thickness mapping at 10° intervals around the bubble and haze measurement according to ASTM D1003 to detect incipient waviness before commercial production.

    For food-contact packaging and other regulated markets, converters must verify the finished film against the relevant olefin polymer specifications. The base polyethylene may meet the general requirements of FDA 21 CFR 177.1520(c) for high-density polyethylene intended for food contact, but compliance of the final article depends on the additive masterbatches and processing aids used. In the European Union, migration testing under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 and overall compliance with Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 are required before use in food-contact bags. REACH substance registration is governed by Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006.

    Regulation/Standard Designation Scope
    US food contact 21 CFR 177.1520(c) Olefin polymer specifications for high-density polyethylene
    EU food contact Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 Plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food
    REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Substance registration, evaluation, and authorisation
    US packaging heavy metals CONEG TPCH Heavy metals limits in packaging

    Drying is not normally required for this high-density polyethylene under closed silo storage at ambient relative humidity below 60%. Pellets that have been exposed to refrigeration or cold-weather transport should be brought to ambient temperature before conveying to prevent surface condensation and slip-agent migration issues. The resin is not recommended for continuous immersion in strong oxidizing acids, aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons, or for long-term outdoor exposure without carbon black or UV stabilizer. In service, the upper continuous-use temperature is limited by the same oxidative degradation pathways common to all HDPE grades; extended exposure above 100 °C in air is not recommended unless the article is tested under the relevant end-use standard.

    The Density Difference Between 0.949 g/cm³ and 0.952 g/cm³ Is Not the Only Variable in Heavy-Duty Sack Design

    High-strength refuse sacks and heavy-duty industrial liners produced from HIVOREX FL7000 are often specified at thicknesses from 60 µm to 150 µm, where the lower density of 0.949 g/cm³ provides a slight reduction in stiffness relative to 0.952 g/cm³ HDPE. More important for sack integrity are the molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and orientation induced during blown film extrusion. Environmental stress crack resistance is evaluated according to ASTM D1693 Condition B in a 10% Igepal CO-630 solution; high-molecular-weight HDPE grades of this class typically exhibit F50 values above 100 h, although resin-specific values require confirmation from the supplier.

    Puncture resistance is often measured by ASTM D5748 for stretch-wrap-film-like loading, or by a slow puncture probe method according to DIN 53369 for sacks and liners. Heavy-gauge film containing 2.0–2.5 wt% carbon black masterbatch is commonly used for refuse sacks and agricultural-grade liners; the carbon black loading provides ultraviolet stabilization when the film is dispersed outdoors. The addition of carbon black also reduces gloss and increases heat absorption, which must be considered in hot-climate warehouse storage. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for long-term outdoor performance, so qualification under ASTM D2565 xenon-arc exposure or ISO 4892-2 is recommended for UV-stabilized products.

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