| HS Code | 327258 |
| Density | 0.921 g/cm³ |
| Melt Flow Index | 2.1 g/10min |
| Melting Point | 123 °C |
| Vicat Softening Point | 103 °C |
| Tensile Strength Md | 38 MPa |
| Elongation At Break Md | 700% |
| Dart Drop Impact F50 | 150 g |
| Haze | 6% |
| Gloss | 60% |
| Environmental Stress Crack Resistance | >1000 h |
As an accredited HANWHA LLDPE 3121UV factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | HANWHA LLDPE 3121UV is supplied in 25 kg polyethylene-lined kraft paper bags, palletized and shrink-wrapped for safe transport and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20' FCL container loading of Hanwha LLDPE 3121UV, packed in 25kg bags, ensuring secure, dry, and ventilated stowage. |
| Shipping | HANWHA LLDPE 3121UV is shipped as non-hazardous plastic pellets in clean, dry containers or FIBCs. Protect from moisture, direct sunlight, and excessive heat. Avoid contamination with other resins. Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area away from ignition sources. Standard sea, rail, or truck transport is suitable. |
| Storage | Store HANWHA LLDPE 3121UV in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid contact with oxidizing agents. Maintain indoor storage at moderate temperatures. Proper handling preserves product quality and ensures safe processing. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is indefinite when stored cool, dry, and away from direct sunlight; typically exceeds 2 years. |
HANWHA LLDPE 3121UV is an ultraviolet-stabilized linear low-density polyethylene film-extrusion grade with a nominal melt index of 1.0 g/10 min (ASTM D1238, 190 °C, 2.16 kg) and a nominal density of 0.921 g/cm³ (ASTM D1505). The application scope below is limited to downstream sectors with established production-scale use of UV-stabilized LLDPE film or sheet: greenhouse and low-tunnel covers, mulch and silage covers, coextruded geomembrane skins, temporary facade membranes, tarpaulin extrusion lamination, and outdoor overwrap. Each scenario records the four required sourcing fields: industry compliance standard or test method designation, starting formulation addition ratio, downstream production process, and terminal finished product type. No statement in this section constitutes a product specification, and batch-specific values must be confirmed against the supplier certificate. Where grade-specific industrial data is limited, that limitation is stated explicitly rather than extended by inference.
Three-layer greenhouse film coextrusion with 3121UV places the resin predominantly in the external UV-facing skin and in a limited core fraction. A starting ratio on a 150–250 mm die line is 30–50 wt% of total polymer in the external skin, 10–20 wt% in the core, with the balance comprising EVA with 4–8% vinyl acetate and an LDPE or metallocene LLDPE for bubble tension. The external layer is normally 25–40 μm of a 150–200 μm total gauge. On 90 mm single-screw extruders with L/D 30:1, barrel temperatures in the 180–205 °C range and a die set of 195–210 °C are commonly used. Above 215 °C, the hindered-amine stabilizer begins to be consumed measurably during melt residence time without a visible process deviation, reducing outdoor light stability after installation. This is an operational boundary, not a supplier melt-temperature specification. Batch-to-batch variation in stabilizer concentration is controlled by supplier certificate but can still shift the onset of die-lip gel formation on prolonged runs.
Compliance for greenhouse covering films references EN 13206:2017 for classification of optical, mechanical, and durability performance. Tensile properties are evaluated under ISO 527-3:2018, tear resistance under ISO 6383-1:2015 or ASTM D1922, and artificial weathering under ISO 4892-2:2013 with a black-standard temperature of 65 °C and a defined wet/dry cycle. Production-scale bubble instability is observed when the core layer contains less than 20 wt% high-pressure LDPE and the blow-up ratio exceeds 2.8:1; the instability appears as low-frequency flutter between frost line and collapsing frame, producing transverse gauge bands on finished rolls. Reducing BUR to 2.2:1–2.5:1 or raising the frost line to 700–900 mm stabilizes the bubble but alters longitudinal-to-transverse tear balance, so the adjustment must be made against the end-use tear class in EN 13206:2017.
| Layer | Formulation ratio | Gauge | Key process variable | Reference test method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External UV-facing skin | LLDPE 3121UV 40–50 wt%; EVA 20–40 wt%; LDPE 20–30 wt% | 25–40 μm | BUR 2.2:1–2.5:1; die set 195–210 °C | ISO 4892-2:2013 |
| Core | LLDPE 3121UV 10–20 wt%; EVA 40–60 wt%; LDPE 20–30 wt% | 70–120 μm | Frost line 700–900 mm | ISO 527-3:2018 |
| Inner layer | LDPE/mLLDPE 60–80 wt%; EVA 20–40 wt% | 25–40 μm | Die temperature 195–210 °C | ISO 6383-1:2015 |
Published data for this specific configuration is limited; the table is a starting-point formulation requiring line-specific adjustment, not a certificate value. Terminal finished products from this segment include greenhouse roof films, sidewall films, low-tunnel hoops, and cloche covers. Excess metal stearate processing aids in the external layer are avoided because acidic agricultural chemical exposure can destabilize the hindered-amine system. Shutdown procedure on multilayer lines typically includes purging the high-EVA layer with low-MI LDPE to prevent die-lip gel accumulation.
On black mulch film lines producing 15–25 μm gauge, 3121UV is diluted with carbon black masterbatch and high-pressure LDPE to manage melt pressure and bubble stability. The starting addition ratio is 20–40 wt% 3121UV, 8–12 wt% carbon black masterbatch with 40–50% carbon black in an LLDPE carrier, and the balance LDPE or post-industrial reclaimed film. Raising the masterbatch above 12 wt% on an 80 mm extruder running an 80 mesh screen pack increases melt pressure and requires additional extruder torque reserve; screen-pack change interval is shortened by carbon black agglomerates. The processing window uses melt temperature 180–200 °C, die gap 1.5–2.0 mm, blow-up ratio 1.8:1–2.2:1, and haul-off speed 80–120 m/min. The principal after-extrusion defect is edge curl after slitting, controlled by reducing web tension and holding a steady frost line rather than by increasing film gauge.
Compliance for non-biodegradable mulch films uses EN 13655:2002 for mechanical and optical requirements, while artificial weathering is assessed under ISO 4892-2:2013. Biodegradation claims are outside the scope because 3121UV is a conventional polyethylene and does not meet EN 17033:2018 soil-biodegradability definitions. Terminal finished types include black mulch film, white-on-black mulch film, silage pit covers, silo sealing sheets, and clamp covers. The grade is not the preferred isolate for silage stretch wrap requiring high cling, where tackifier-rich mLLDPE formulations dominate.
Coextruded geomembrane skins containing 3121UV are used on water and effluent containment structures. The resin is added at 30–60 wt% in the UV-exposed skin, together with a carbon black masterbatch at 2.0–3.0 wt% to satisfy GRI-GM13 minimum carbon black content, and the balance is virgin or recycled LLDPE. Total liner thickness for exposed pond applications is commonly 0.5–1.5 mm, with the skin layer at 100–200 μm to reduce carbon black interference during wedge welding. A viscosity mismatch with a high-molecular-weight HDPE core can generate thickness waves across the web on three-roll cooling stacks; this is a common production failure when dry-blend scrap is introduced without compatibilization.
Compliance for exposed black geomembrane formulations is project-specific but typically references ISO 13438:2018 for oxidative stability, ASTM D5885-19 for OIT at 200 °C, ASTM D6693-18 for tensile, ASTM D1004-21 for tear, and ASTM D4833/D4833M-07(2020) for puncture. Weatherability is assessed under ISO 4892-2:2013. Potable-water contact requires NSF/ANSI/CAN 61 certification on the finished liner, not on the bulk resin alone. Flat die widths above 2,500 mm are used for larger panels; the dominant control problem is transverse thickness variation, and a three-roll stack temperature of 60–85 °C is held for smooth surfaces. Textured surfaces are produced on embossed rolls with release temperature below 40 °C.
| Property | Test method designation | Value recorded | Notes for LLDPE 3121UV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ASTM D1505 | 0.921 g/cm³ nominal | Not a geomembrane density specification; lower than HDPE |
| Melt index | ASTM D1238, 190 °C, 2.16 kg | 1.0 g/10 min nominal | Flat die and blown film processable |
| Tensile break | ASTM D6693-18 | Project-specific acceptance | Report at break; not controlled by resin only |
| Oxidation resistance | ISO 13438:2018; ASTM D5885-19 | Project-specific OIT | Carbon black dispersion affects result |
| Puncture | ASTM D4833/D4833M-07(2020) | Project-specific | Skin thickness and quench rate are variables |
Published data for this specific configuration is limited to project qualification reports; universal acceptance values are not available. Terminal finished products include pond liner panels, silage effluent containment liners, decorative lake liners, and exposed agricultural water-storage liners. Because 3121UV has lower flexural modulus than HDPE geomembrane grades, side-slope creep on embankments steeper than 3H:1V must be checked by a geotechnical engineer using project-specific soil friction parameters.
When a temporary facade membrane must retain slit-stable edges at −20 °C after 1,000 h of artificial UV exposure, 3121UV is inserted at 40–60 wt% in the weather-facing layer of a two-layer or three-layer construction film. The remainder is typically a white masterbatch or TiO₂ concentrate at 6–10 wt% and a metallocene LLDPE to maintain tear strength. Total film gauge for facade wraps is 80–200 μm, with the weather layer at 30–80 μm. Compliance references EN 13859-2:2014 for external wall underlays, EN 13984:2013 for flexible plastic damp proof sheets, and ASTM E96/E96M-22 for water vapour transmission. The produced film is not a complete water vapor control layer unless the measured Sd value meets the assembly specification; LLDPE alone has limited moisture vapor resistance compared to metallized or aluminium-foil laminates.
Downstream processing in this segment uses cast film extrusion with die width 1,500–3,000 mm, chill-roll temperature 20–35 °C, and haul-off speed 40–80 m/min. Die-lip deposit is the most common production failure with stabilized grades on cast lines; processors monitor the lip plate with infrared sensors and purge with a low-MI LDPE before shutdown after extended runs above 220 °C. Terminal finished products are temporary facade membranes, external wall weather wraps, roof underlayment, and scaffold containment sheets. 3121UV is not used as a finished exposed roofing membrane without additional reinforcement or lamination because of its limited dimensional stability under sustained high-temperature roof service.
Extrusion lamination of woven HDPE tarpaulins uses 3121UV as the UV-bearing surface coating. The starting addition ratio in the coating layer is 70–90 wt% 3121UV, 8–12 wt% white or colored masterbatch, and 1–2 wt% processing aid where die lines or melt fracture occur. Adhesion to the woven substrate is primarily mechanical, requiring corona pre-treatment at 42–48 dyn/cm. The laminator is run at melt temperature 240–260 °C, air gap 150–250 mm, coat weight 15–40 g/m², and line speed 60–150 m/min. Above 280 °C, oxidative gel particles appear in the curtain between die and nip, and the gel count increases with residence time; this is a known process boundary for low-MI LLDPE grades in extrusion coating. Published grade-specific extrusion coating data for 3121UV is limited; the stated window is derived from general LLDPE extrusion lamination practice and must be confirmed on the target line.
Compliance for the finished tarpaulin uses ISO 527-3:2018 for tensile properties of the laminate, ASTM D882-18 for thin plastic sheeting where the fabric contribution is excluded, and ISO 4892-2:2013 for UV exposure. Some export tarpaulin specifications also reference EN 13206:2017 if the product is marketed for agricultural covering use. Terminal finished products are flat tarpaulins, scaffold wraps, outdoor curtains, and flexible silo cladding. The ratio of 3121UV must be reduced when the laminate is subsequently radio-frequency or high-frequency welded because excessive surface resin can produce weld seams with reduced peel strength.
Concurrently with flat-die cast lines, blown film overwrap for outdoor-stored palletized equipment uses 3121UV in a monolayer or two-layer structure at 35–55 wt% of the total film, blended with metallocene LLDPE for puncture resistance and a low-MI LDPE for bubble tension. The finished film gauge is 60–150 μm, with the outer UV-bearing layer at 25–50 μm. Compliance in this segment is customer-specific rather than defined by a single harmonized standard; UV retention is assessed under ISO 4892-2:2013, and tensile properties are recorded under ISO 527-3:2018. If the overwrap is used in export packaging with phytosanitary timber treatments, the film must tolerate incidental contact with wood preservatives. No direct food-contact declaration is made without a specific FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 final-converter certification, because stabilizer composition and concentration are supplier-dependent.
Manufacturing uses blown film with die gap 1.8–2.4 mm, blow-up ratio 2.0:1–2.5:1, frost line 500–750 mm, and melt temperature 180–200 °C. Terminal products are clear or white pallet covers, export machinery overwrap, and open-top bale covers. The product is intended for outdoor storage of not more than 12–24 months; beyond that service window, fold creases and wind-driven abrasion can develop surface microcracking even with intact UV stabilizer dispersion.
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Hanwha LLDPE 3121UV is a linear low-density polyethylene film resin carrying a proprietary ultraviolet stabiliser package. The grade is positioned for blown film extrusion rather than injection moulding or rotational moulding. Manufacturer-published nominal values include a melt mass-flow rate of 1.0 g/10 min when tested to ASTM D1238 at 190 °C under 2.16 kg, and a density of 0.918 g/cm³ when tested to ASTM D1505. These values place the material in the conventional medium-viscosity linear low-density film window, with sufficient melt flow for film output and sufficient density for puncture resistance in thin-gauge structures. The ultraviolet stabiliser system is the primary differentiator from non-stabilised LLDPE grades of similar melt index and density; the base polymer is not metallocene-catalysed and is not classified as a high-clarity grade.
Designated application segments in public technical literature are agricultural film structures: greenhouse covering, low tunnel film, mulch film, and silage cover. Thickness in these applications ranges from 15 μm for thin mulch film to 200 μm for greenhouse covering. Outdoor durability is evaluated against either ISO 4892-2 xenon-arc exposure or ASTM G154 fluorescent ultraviolet exposure. The grade is intended to resist the embrittlement that non-stabilised LLDPE of equivalent melt index and density develops after prolonged solar exposure; the actual service life is controlled by film thickness, stabiliser concentration, and regional UV radiation dose.
Pre-drying is normally not required at ambient relative humidity below 60%. If storage has exposed pellets to condensing humidity, drying at 70 °C to 80 °C for 1 h to 2 h with dry air removes surface moisture without consuming the ultraviolet stabiliser. Resin storage before processing should follow standard polyolefin practice: sealed packaging below 40 °C, away from direct sunlight. The ultraviolet stabiliser is not a substitute for warehouse temperature control; prolonged storage above 40 °C can consume part of the stabiliser and reduce final film service life. Published data for this specific storage effect is limited, but the degradation mechanism is analogous to high melt temperature exposure.
In commercial blown film lines, HANWHA LLDPE 3121UV is typically processed on grooved-feed extruders with screw diameters from 45 mm to 75 mm and length/diameter ratios of 24:1 to 30:1. Barrel profiles commonly start at 180 °C in the feed zone and rise to 210 °C at the adapter. Die temperature is held between 210 °C and 230 °C, die gap is set from 1.6 mm to 2.5 mm, and blow-up ratio is maintained between 2.0:1 and 3.0:1. Frost line height is typically 5 to 9 die diameters. These settings are not specific to the UV-stabilised grade; they represent standard LLDPE blown film practice.
At melt temperatures above 250 °C, the ultraviolet stabiliser package is at risk of partial degradation. The consequence is not visible gel formation or film discolouration; it is a reduction in field service life because the stabiliser is consumed during extrusion. This threshold becomes operationally relevant when die gap is reduced below 1.4 mm or screw speed is increased without lowering barrel temperatures. Melt temperature should be measured at the die exit with an immersion probe. If melt temperature exceeds 230 °C, the converted film should be tested under ISO 4892-2 against a control produced at 210 °C. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; the on-line study is required because the effect cannot be detected by standard film appearance inspection.
Die design calculations should not use melt index alone. In the die lip region, wall shear rates commonly exceed 100 s⁻¹, and LLDPE exhibits shear thinning. No published capillary rheometry curve for 3121UV is available; therefore die pressure calculations should use a generic LLDPE viscosity curve of similar density and melt index, adjusted with on-line pressure measurements. Large die gaps above 2.5 mm reduce melt pressure but can increase orientation and reduce film flatness; die gaps below 1.4 mm increase shear heating and endanger the stabiliser.
Bubble stability is the main processing limitation. As a linear low-density polyethylene, the grade has lower melt strength than high-pressure LDPE. On dies above 350 mm diameter, bubble flutter can occur at blow-up ratios above 3.0:1 or when frost line height exceeds 9 die diameters. The conventional correction is addition of 10% to 20% high-pressure LDPE to increase melt strength. The addition reduces dart impact and Elmendorf tear at equal gauge, so the blend ratio is limited to the amount required for stable bubble formation. Internal bubble cooling and dual-lip air rings improve heat removal, but they do not remove the melt-strength constraint at high stalk heights.
For cast film, the grade can be processed, but it is not optimised for high line speeds above 150 m/min. Edge instability and draw resonance may appear before the extruder output limit is reached. Published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Masterbatch dilution of ultraviolet stabiliser is not recommended as a substitute for using the pre-stabilised resin unless the masterbatch is let down at the exact ratio and the base resin is fully compatible. In practice, converters use 3121UV as supplied rather than adding liquid stabilisers on-line. Liquid additives can cause screw slippage on grooved-feed extruders and reduce output stability.
Blow-up ratio and frost line height control the balance between machine-direction and transverse-direction properties. At low blow-up ratio, machine-direction tear resistance increases while transverse-direction tear resistance decreases. For agricultural covers, a balanced orientation is preferred to avoid splitting along one axis under wind load. The standard range for 3121UV is 2.0:1 to 3.0:1; outside this range, field failure rates increase.
For quality control of converted film, mechanical characterisation should include tensile properties to ASTM D882 or ISO 527-3, Elmendorf tear to ASTM D1922 or ISO 6383-2, dart impact to ASTM D1709 or ISO 7765-1, and puncture resistance to ASTM D5748. The values are strongly gauge-dependent and direction-dependent because bubble orientation creates different machine-direction and transverse-direction tensile behaviour. Machine-direction and transverse-direction differences are controlled through blow-up ratio and frost line height rather than by changing resin lot.
Between a non-UV LLDPE of identical melt index and density and 3121UV, the defining distinction is the retention of elongation at break after outdoor exposure. In unstabilised LLDPE, ultraviolet radiation initiates chain scission and hydroperoxide formation, leading to rapid film embrittlement. The stabilised grade delays this process by radical scavenging and hydroperoxide decomposition. The exact additive structure is proprietary and not disclosed in public datasheets. The performance difference is therefore measured through weathering standards rather than through melt index or density.
Compared with a metallocene-catalysed LLDPE of similar density and melt index, 3121UV has a broader molecular weight distribution. The processing consequence is lower melt pressure at the same screw speed, reduced melt fracture tendency, and greater bubble stability. The film consequence is lower dart impact and lower Elmendorf tear at equal gauge. The selection between 3121UV and an mLLDPE is therefore a balance between extrusion robustness and ultimate film toughness. The UV stabiliser system also tends to increase haze slightly relative to an unstabilised base resin, so the grade is not intended for high-clarity indoor film.
In three-layer coextruded agricultural film, 3121UV is often placed in the outer skin layers while a core layer contains recycled LLDPE or LDPE. The skin position concentrates the stabiliser where ultraviolet radiation is most intense and protects the core from photochemical attack. Migration of low-molecular-weight stabiliser components across layer boundaries can occur over time, but the coextruded structure maintains the additive in the outermost layers. Skin layer thickness should not fall below 15 μm; uneven thickness distribution may create localised early cracking under cyclic wind stress.
Post-industrial trim from 3121UV can be recycled into the core of coextruded film if it is not heavily oxidised. Recycled content above 20% in the skin layers is not recommended because the stabiliser may have been partially consumed during the first heat history. Gel formation increases with repeated extrusion, and each pass reduces stabiliser content. No published recycling data specific to this grade is available.
Chemical compatibility is that of standard linear low-density polyethylene. Aromatic and chlorinated solvents cause swelling in prolonged contact, and strong oxidising agents cause surface oxidation. The ultraviolet stabiliser package can be deactivated by contact with certain acidic pesticides or sulfur-containing agricultural chemicals. No specific compatibility data for 3121UV with fumigants or disinfectants is published; exposure conditions should be tested on the final film construction.
For regulatory compliance, the base LLDPE polymer may be evaluated against 21 CFR 177.1520 in the United States or EU 10/2011 for plastic food-contact materials, but the UV-stabilised formulation should not be assumed to carry identical food-contact clearance without supplier certification. The grade is positioned primarily as a non-food agricultural or technical film resin. REACH status must be confirmed through the supplier safety datasheet. No medical or pharmaceutical packaging clearance is associated with this formulation.
Because film thickness controls the total reservoir of ultraviolet stabiliser per unit area, service life is not constant across gauges. At 15 μm, the stabiliser reservoir is small and the surface-to-volume ratio is high; ultraviolet failure therefore occurs earlier than at 150 μm. Greenhouse films are consequently produced at 80 μm to 200 μm, while mulch films at 15 μm to 50 μm are designed for shorter service periods. The thickness-service-life relationship for 3121UV should be generated from outdoor exposure in the target climate; published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Compared with EVA-based greenhouse films, 3121UV does not provide equivalent thermal infrared retention or light transmission. EVA is selected when night-time heat retention and high photosynthetically active radiation transmission are critical, while LLDPE is selected for mechanical toughness in thinner gauges. No published data indicates that 3121UV can replace EVA in a thermal greenhouse film without reducing night-time temperature stability.
On conversion lines that heat-seal agricultural covers, seal strength is measured to ASTM F88/F88M and seal initiation temperature to ASTM F1921. The ultraviolet stabiliser can shift seal initiation relative to an unstabilised base resin; settings from non-UV LLDPE should not be transferred without verification.
Substitution of a non-UV LLDPE for 3121UV in agricultural film is a documented failure pattern on production-scale greenhouse and tunnel applications. The substitute may process without visible difference, but the finished film can crack after a single hot season. The observed field failure mode is longitudinal splitting in the machine direction after wind-induced flexing. The underlying physical change is loss of elongation at break caused by photochemical chain scission. Outdoor durability cannot be inferred from melt index, density, or film appearance.
Conversely, using 3121UV in indoor packaging is not a processing risk, but the ultraviolet additive package is unnecessary and may reduce clarity. No published data establishes a shelf-life benefit in indoor applications.
For accelerated weathering, xenon-arc exposure to ISO 4892-2 for 2000 h with retention of at least 50% of initial elongation at break is a common screening protocol for agricultural film. Accelerated testing cannot fully reproduce the combined effects of temperature cycling, pesticide contact, condensation and dust deposition on unstabilised film surfaces. Field validation is therefore required for the exact gauge, layer structure and agricultural chemical exposure of the target application.
