| HS Code | 775501 |
| Material | Polyamide 12 (PA12G) |
| Density | 1.02 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Strength | 55 MPa |
| Modulus Of Elasticity | 2100 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 40% |
| Hardness | 62 Shore D |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | -30 °C |
| Continuous Service Temperature | -40 °C to +100 °C |
| Water Absorption | 0.25% at 24h / 1.3% at saturation |
| Coefficient Of Friction | 0.25 |
| Chemical Resistance | Good resistance to oils, greases, fuels, and weak alkalis |
As an accredited Freudenberg Sealing Technologies PA12G 37599 Nylon 12 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaged in 25 kg sealed, moisture-proof bags, labeled with product name, lot number, and handling precautions for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | PA12G Nylon 12 granules in bags, palletized, loaded into 20' FCL, ensuring dry, ventilated conditions to prevent moisture damage. |
| Shipping | Freudenberg Sealing Technologies PA12G 37599 Nylon 12 ships as a non-hazardous thermoplastic granulate. Pack in sealed, moisture-resistant bags or containers to prevent humidity absorption. Avoid exposure to excessive heat or direct sunlight. Use dry, ventilated transport conditions. Standard ground freight is suitable; no special regulatory shipping classification required. |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, tightly sealed in its original container to prevent moisture absorption. Keep away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, and incompatible substances. Avoid prolonged high humidity, as nylon 12 can take up water. Ensure area is clean and clearly labeled. No special hazardous storage requirements under normal handling conditions. |
| Shelf Life | Store in original packaging, cool and dry. Typical shelf life is 5 years from manufacture, avoiding UV and moisture exposure. |
In heavy-duty mobile hydraulic cylinders, Freudenberg Sealing Technologies PA12G 37599 Nylon 12 is converted into wear rings and back-up rings by machining from annealed semi-finished rod or plate. The loading is defined less by a single industry code than by clearance control between the nitrided steel rod and the honed cylinder bore. A diametral clearance of 0.25 mm to 0.50 mm per 100 mm of rod diameter is typical for wear rings in cylinders operating at 35 MPa system pressure. Machining shops using CNC lathes with positive-rake coated carbide inserts at cutting speeds of 200 m/min to 350 m/min and feed rates of 0.05 mm/rev to 0.15 mm/rev report that burr formation increases sharply when depth of cut falls below 0.2 mm; a finishing pass of 0.5 mm to 0.8 mm is therefore maintained. The stock is conditioned at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity for 48 h before final turning because PA12G 37599 reaches a moisture-dependent dimensional plateau under those conditions. Typical PA12 grades absorb 0.7 % to 1.0 % water at equilibrium, lower than PA6 or PA66, which reduces humidity-driven clearance deviation in assembled cylinders. Thermal expansion of 80 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ to 110 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹, measured according to ISO 11359-2, must be added to the designed clearance when hydraulic oil temperatures reach 60 °C to 80 °C. Dry sliding against induction-hardened steel shafts is the dominant wear mode; component-level lifetime validation on hydraulic test stands is required because published ASTM G77 block-on-ring data for this specific Freudenberg compound are limited.
At the head end of an ISO 15552 pneumatic cylinder, dry compressed air can reach 85 °C, and piston seals or cushioning discs machined from PA12G 37599 undergo moisture desorption rather than simple thermal softening. Rings machined from stock equilibrated at 50 % RH contain 0.6 % to 0.9 % absorbed water. When placed in a closed-loop pneumatic system with a pressure dew point below −20 °C, the rings lose water through exposed surfaces over 500 h to 1000 h. This desorption produces volumetric shrinkage, but the outer diameter shrinks more rapidly than the inner diameter because of the higher surface-to-volume ratio at the lip, causing interference to drop below the sealing threshold. The phenomenon is evaluated first by conditioning according to ISO 1110, which specifies 70 °C and 62 % RH for accelerated polyamide exposure. However, the dry-air case requires a supplementary test at 85 °C in a desiccated circulating-air oven until weight change remains below 0.01 % over 24 h. If the pre-drying step is skipped before final machining, coolant absorption can add 0.1 % to 0.3 % water to the surface layer and exaggerate later shrinkage. A practical production sequence is rough-turning, drying for 24 h at 80 °C with an oven dew point of −30 °C, and then taking the finishing pass. This sequence holds lip interference within 0.2 mm diametral. Hardness measured by ISO 868 remains above 70 Shore D through such ageing, showing that the limiting failure is dimensional relaxation rather than thermal softening.
When bakery and bottling lines require wear parts that tolerate occasional direct food contact, natural PA12G 37599 machined into guide strips, star-wheel wear segments and scraper blades is assessed against FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 for nylon resins and EU 10/2011 for plastics intended to contact food. Migration testing under EU 10/2011 uses food simulants such as ethanol 10 %, acetic acid 3 % and olive oil; the overall migration limit for the final article is 10 mg/dm². PA12G 37599 has low extractables after annealing, but that does not waive end-testing when the part contacts fatty media above 60 °C. In dry-solids conveying, wear blocks run against stainless steel guide rails at surface speeds up to 1.5 m/s and contact pressures below 0.5 MPa. The operational boundary is wet chemical sanitation. Repeated cleaning with 2 % sodium hydroxide solution at 70 °C for 30 min is generally acceptable, but continuous steam sterilisation above 100 °C is not recommended because polyamide hydrolysis accelerates and embrittlement can occur. Hypochlorite solutions above 200 ppm free chlorine should be avoided because oxidising agents degrade the polyamide surface. Warpage after machining is relieved by a pre-machining anneal at 160 °C for 2 h in a mineral oil or nitrogen atmosphere, followed by final dimensioning at service humidity. The following compliance references apply to the downstream segments under review.
| Application segment | Reference | Test method or clause | Condition or limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydraulic wear rings | ISO 11359-2 | Thermomechanical analysis, linear expansion | Expansion coefficient 80–110 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ |
| Pneumatic seals | ISO 1110 | Accelerated conditioning of polyamides | 70 °C, 62 % RH, equilibrium weight change |
| Food contact | FDA 21 CFR 177.1500, EU 10/2011 | Migration testing in final article | Overall migration ≤ 10 mg/dm² |
| Electrical insulation | IEC 60112, UL 746A | Comparative tracking index | CTI 600 V, PLC 0 |
| Fuel vapour valves | ISO 179-1 | Charpy notched impact after Fuel C ageing | No brittle fracture at −40 °C |
After 500 h of ASTM Reference Fuel C vapour exposure at 60 °C and 50 % relative humidity, poppet seats and solenoid armature guides machined from PA12G 37599 are tested to ISO 179-1/1eA at −40 °C. The acceptance criterion is absence of brittle failure at the gate, knit line, or sharp corner. PA12G 37599 retains low-temperature ductility because the polyamide 12 backbone has a glass transition temperature near 40 °C to 50 °C and a secondary relaxation below 0 °C. This differs from PA6, where the higher glass transition makes low-temperature notched impact more sensitive to moisture content. Swelling in Fuel C is typically low for polyamide 12, but the exact value for Freudenberg PA12G 37599 must be confirmed using ASTM D543 immersion because mould-release residues or surface orientation in machined stock can vary. The machining allowance is set at 0.3 mm per side after a vapour-ageing verification batch because fuel exposure relaxes internal stresses and can release 0.05 % to 0.15 % linear distortion. A second requirement is compatibility with evaporative blow-by containing amine-based corrosion inhibitors. Polyamides can react with amine species and develop surface tackiness or colour shift. Compatibility testing should include 500 h exposure to inhibited blow-by condensate at 80 °C before production approval.
Because PA66 loses dimensional stability in humid tropical switchrooms, cable glands, terminal blocks and busbar supports machined from PA12G 37599 are used where creepage distances must remain stable. The comparative tracking index for PA12G grades is commonly 600 V, corresponding to PLC 0 under UL 746A, which supports design according to IEC 60664-1. Dielectric strength on 3 mm specimens per IEC 60243-1 is in the range of 18 kV/mm to 24 kV/mm when dry, but the value falls after moisture absorption. Conditioning at 23 °C and 50 % RH for 48 h is therefore mandatory before type-testing. PA12G 37599 has volume resistivity above 10¹² Ω·cm under IEC 62631-3-1 when measured dry, but this is not a permanent value in wet service. Dust and salt fog environments require the insulator to be protected or sealed because surface leakage along a wet polyamide surface reduces effective creepage path. The material is not recommended for outdoor high-voltage primary insulation without hydrophobic surface treatment or enclosure. In production, blind holes and sharp internal threads must be radiused because polyamide 12 notch sensitivity can lead to cracking under repeated thermal cycles from −20 °C to 80 °C. Annealing at 160 °C for 2 h after rough machining releases internal stress before drilling and tapping. Torque levels for brass inserts are set at 40 % of the PA6.6 baseline to avoid hoop stress failures in dry indoor service.
In cold seawater at 4 °C to 8 °C, ROV clamp liners, riser protection pads and underwater cable guides machined from PA12G 37599 are passive applications. The immediate advantage is lower moisture uptake than PA6.6, with equilibrium water absorption below 1.5 % at 23 °C according to ISO 62, which limits swelling-induced loosening of steel inserts. The risk of hydrolytic embrittlement becomes measurable only when temperature and water activity are simultaneously high. Ageing at 70 °C in deionised water for 1000 h can reduce tensile strength by 20 % to 30 % relative to dry ISO 527 bars, but published data for this exact Freudenberg PA12G 37599 grade under hydrostatic pressure exceeding 10 MPa is limited. Validation for subsea use therefore requires saturated ageing at 60 °C to 70 °C followed by tensile retention testing per ISO 527-2 and notched impact per ISO 179-1. In cold water, the main processing risk is not hydrolysis but stress corrosion from concentrated zinc chloride solutions used in offshore cleaning; these should be excluded. The machining fixture must account for the sector cut releasing case-hardened stock stresses, which can produce radial distortion of 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm on a 300 mm clamp segment. Pre-machining stress relief at 160 °C for 3 h in a nitrogen-purged oven and final reaming after 24 h rest at ambient humidity reduce this distortion. In service, PA12G 37599 is not a direct replacement for PA12 extrusion grades used in flexible pipe pressure sheaths; those grades are plasticised and formulated for continuous flexure, while PA12G 37599 is a machining-grade polyamide 12 intended for semi-finished components.
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Freudenberg Sealing Technologies PA12G 37599 Nylon 12 is a semi-crystalline polyamide 12 compound identified by the manufacturer-specific designation 37599. The base polymer is polymerized from laurolactam and contains a lower amide-group density than polyamide 6 or polyamide 66; this structure reduces the concentration of hydrogen-bonding sites available for water absorption. Unfilled PA12 reference materials reach equilibrium moisture of 0.2–0.3% at 23 °C and 50% RH, while PA66 reference materials absorb 2.5–3.0% under the same conditions. These values are measured according to ISO 62:2008 and are not grade-specific release limits. Published data for the exact PA12G 37599 formulation are limited to the Freudenberg Sealing Technologies controlled datasheet; therefore, all comparative values in this document are reference ranges for polyamide 12 compounds unless the supplier specification confirms otherwise.
The designation string contains PA12G; under ISO 1043-1:2011, the code letter G can indicate glass reinforcement. If the 37599 suffix denotes a glass-filled grade, density, tensile modulus, and heat distortion temperature will exceed unfilled PA12 values, while elongation at break and mold shrinkage will decrease. Filler type, loading percentage, fiber diameter, and sizing chemistry must be obtained from the manufacturer before cavity design or mold-flow simulation. The grade may also contain heat-stabilizer, nucleating, or processing-aid packages that are not visible from the base polymer code.
The suffix is an internal formulation marker rather than a chemical descriptor. It may define a specific stabilizer package, internal lubricant, colorant, or reinforcement level. In a glass-reinforced PA12, the matrix remains polyamide 12, but the fiber sizing and coupling chemistry control interfacial adhesion and mechanical response. The suffix can also control lot-to-lot additive identity, which matters for extraction and migration performance. For fuel-contact seals, additive migration is evaluated with OEM-specific extraction procedures, not by a single ISO method. Where published data for this specific configuration is limited, qualification should include molded plaques produced on the intended injection tool because cavity pressure, gate freeze time, flow orientation, and fiber-length distribution affect anisotropic shrinkage and mechanical properties.
Table 1 provides comparative orientation data for unfilled PA12, glass-reinforced PA12, and 30% glass-reinforced PA66. The ranges are aggregated from commercial datasheets and are not release limits for PA12G 37599.
| Property | Test method | Unfilled PA12 | Glass-reinforced PA12 | PA66 GF30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density, g/cm³ | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.01–1.03 | 1.23–1.28 | 1.35–1.40 |
| Tensile strength at break, MPa | ISO 527-2:2012 | 40–55 | 100–140 | 150–190 |
| Tensile modulus, GPa | ISO 527-2:2012 | 1.3–1.8 | 6–9 | 9–11 |
| Notched Charpy impact at 23 °C, kJ/m² | ISO 179-1:2010 | 4–8 | 8–14 | 8–13 |
| Heat distortion temperature, 1.8 MPa, °C | ISO 75-2:2013 | 50–60 | 170–180 | 235–250 |
| Moisture absorption, 23 °C / 50% RH, % | ISO 62:2008 | 0.2–0.3 | 0.1–0.2 | 2.0–2.8 |
Mechanical data for PA12 compounds are reported in both dry-as-molded and conditioned states. The dry-as-molded condition is produced by drying to a moisture content below 0.10% and testing immediately; the conditioned state is often 50% RH at 23 °C until equilibrium. Values can differ by more than 20% for tensile strength and more than 50% for notched impact. Any comparison with other products must state the conditioning protocol, preferably using ISO 291:2008 standard atmospheres. This is a common source of error when PA12G 37599 is compared with PA66 or POM datasheets.
Pre-drying is the first control point for PA12G 37599. Polyamide 12 can undergo hydrolytic degradation at melt temperature if residual moisture exceeds the supplier limit. A desiccant dryer with a dew point of -30 °C or lower is required. Drying at 80 °C for 4–8 hours is typical for unfilled PA12; a glass-reinforced grade may require the same or slightly longer residence time. The residual moisture target should be below 0.10% by weight. Hopper residence time should not exceed the dried-air capacity; material held in an open hopper beyond 2 hours without active drying should be re-dried or removed from production.
Injection molding is performed on a three-zone screw with a compression ratio between 2.0:1 and 2.5:1. Barrel temperatures for unfilled PA12 normally fall between 230 °C and 260 °C; glass-reinforced compounds may require the upper end of that interval and mold temperatures from 40 °C to 80 °C. The actual settings for PA12G 37599 must be taken from the manufacturer's processing guide. Residence time above 280 °C should be minimized because thermo-oxidative chain scission produces volatile degradation products that can create splay and reduce weld-line tensile strength measured under ISO 527-2:2012.
Tooling and gating details depend on filler content. For glass-reinforced PA12, gate dimensions should be at least 50% of the wall thickness to reduce jetting and fiber orientation. Vent depths of 0.01–0.02 mm are typical. Mold shrinkage is anisotropic: flow-direction shrinkage may be 0.1–0.3% and transverse shrinkage 0.3–0.5%, depending on fiber loading and part geometry. A shot size between 25% and 75% of the barrel capacity is standard to limit residence time. Batch-to-batch viscosity shifts above ±10% from the qualified reference, measured as melt volume-flow rate under ISO 1133-1:2022, should trigger a processing audit before production continues.
Production-scale molding experience with glass-reinforced PA12 indicates that screw speed and back pressure control fiber-length retention. High back pressure or excessive screw speeds can reduce fiber length from as-compounded values of 300–400 µm to below 200 µm; the result is a measurable drop in notched Charpy impact and tensile modulus. Melt temperature, back pressure, and screw speed must therefore be recorded during first-article qualification. Regrind ratios above 20% are not recommended unless validated because repeated heat histories degrade the sizing and reduce impact performance.
In fluid-power and automotive sealing applications, PA12 is substituted for PA66 when dimensional stability in humid service is the controlling requirement. A PA66 component conditioned at 23 °C and 50% RH can absorb enough water to alter dimensions by 0.5–0.6%, while an unfilled PA12 reference component typically changes by 0.1–0.2%. For radial lip seals and wear rings, that difference affects contact stress and interference against a hardened steel counterface. At -40 °C, unfilled and low-glass PA12 compounds generally retain ductile notched impact behavior more consistently than PA66 grades of comparable reinforcement, as measured by ISO 179-1:2010. The comparison is valid only when specimens are conditioned to the same moisture level because absorbed water plasticizes polyamides and raises impact toughness.
Against POM, PA12G 37599 should be compared on low-temperature impact and hydrolysis resistance. POM typically has higher tensile modulus and better boiling-water resistance, but PA12 can provide higher notched impact strength at sub-zero temperatures and lower density. Creep behavior is assessed with ISO 899-1:2017; POM often shows lower creep at elevated temperature, while PA12 may require glass reinforcement to approach comparable stiffness. Against PA11, PA12 has a slightly longer alkane segment between amide groups. The melting point of PA12 is typically 175–180 °C, roughly 5–7 °C below PA11; the exact value depends on grade. The two materials are often interchangeable in low-moisture sealing applications, but the specific additive package of 37599 can shift the practical processing window.
For fuel-rail and quick-connector applications, permeation resistance is often quantified by gravimetric or pressure-decay methods rather than a single standardized test. PA12 grades are frequently specified because their hydrocarbon permeation is lower than many polyamide elastomers but higher than ETFE or PPS. The comparison must be made at the same wall thickness and temperature because permeation follows Arrhenius behavior. Published data for this specific configuration is limited to supplier test reports.
For fluid-system service, compatibility must be established by immersion testing. The polymer generally resists diesel, gasoline, mineral oil, and aliphatic hydrocarbons but is not recommended for continuous contact with strong acids, phenols, cresols, or boiling water. Methanol and ethanol blends can plasticize the amorphous phase and reduce tensile modulus. For seal applications, volume swell and tensile retention should be measured after 1,000 h at the maximum service temperature using ASTM D471-16a or ISO 1817:2022. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; OEM specifications may require additional exposure to urea solution, brake fluid, or engine coolant before approval.
In tribological service, such as wear rings and guide bands, counterface roughness and pressure-velocity mapping control performance. Hardened steel counterfaces with Ra 0.2–0.4 µm are typical for PA12 compounds. Under ASTM G99-17 pin-on-disk conditions, unfilled PA12 can exhibit specific wear rates on the order of 10-6 mm³/N·m at moderate contact pressures; glass-reinforced grades may show lower wear but can increase counterface abrasion. These values are system-dependent and cannot be translated to a seal without a full PV limit map generated on the production counterface material.
Table 2 lists the compliance points that must be verified with the supplier; the absence of a listed method does not imply approval.
| Regulation or standard | Relevant clause or method | Verification required |
|---|---|---|
| FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 | Nylon resins for food contact | Grade-specific confirmation including colorant package |
| EU Regulation 10/2011 | Overall migration and specific migration limits | Grade-specific confirmation for intended food simulant |
| RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU | Annex II restricted substances | Supplier declaration required |
| REACH Regulation EC 1907/2006 | SVHC candidate list, Article 33 communication | SDS and SVHC declaration review |
| ISO 1874-1:2018 | Polyamide designation and specification | Confirm designation block for PA12G 37599 |
Storage and handling boundaries for PA12G 37599 follow standard PA12 practice. Unopened containers should be stored at 15–30 °C and protected from direct sunlight. Once opened, the material should be processed within a controlled moisture window; if ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%, drying before molding is mandatory. The material should not be processed in barrels or hot-runner systems contaminated with PVC, fluoropolymer residues, or acetal residues because incompatible degradation products can generate acidic volatiles. Contact with copper or copper alloys at melt temperature should be minimized because copper ions can accelerate thermo-oxidative degradation of the polyamide backbone. These operational boundaries are derived from generic PA12 behavior and must be superseded by the manufacturer's certificate of analysis and an approved first-article molding trial.
