| HS Code | 213910 |
| 1 Material | Polyamide 12 (PA12) |
| 2 Color | Natural |
| 3 Particle Size | d50 approximately 65 µm |
| 4 Bulk Density | 0.42 g/cm³ |
| 5 Solid Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| 6 Melting Point | 178 °C |
| 7 Vicat Softening Temperature | 170 °C |
| 8 Tensile Strength | 42 MPa |
| 9 Elongation At Break | 250% |
| 10 Shore D Hardness | 75 |
| 11 Water Absorption | 0.9% (equilibrium) |
As an accredited Evonik VESTOSINT® 2162 natural color Polyamide 12 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 20 kg bag of Evonik VESTOSINT® 2162 natural color Polyamide 12 powder, free-flowing grade for coating applications. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20' FCL for Evonik VESTOSINT® 2162 natural Polyamide 12: bagged powder, palletized, secured per regulations, ensuring safe transport. |
| Shipping | VESTOSINT® 2162 is a fine polyamide 12 powder shipped in sealed, moisture-barrier bags or drums. Protect from humidity and static discharge. Store in a cool, dry area. Ensure proper labeling; not classified as hazardous for standard transport, though dust explosion precautions apply during handling. |
| Storage | Store VESTOSINT® 2162 natural color Polyamide 12 in its original, tightly closed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from moisture, direct sunlight, and heat sources. Keep away from strong oxidizing agents. Avoid dust accumulation and ignition sources. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically two years from production date. |
| Shelf Life | VESTOSINT® 2162 has a shelf life of at least 2 years when stored unopened, dry, and cool in its original container. |
Degreased low-carbon steel wire grids with joint spacing between 50 mm and 75 mm are abrasive-blasted to an angular profile of 75–100 µm and a cleanliness of Sa 2½ according to ISO 8501-1:2007. The prepared rack is preheated in a forced-air convection oven until substrate temperature measured at the thickest wire intersection reaches 280–340 °C. The part is then immersed into a fluidised bed of VESTOSINT® 2162 natural color Polyamide 12 powder for 3–8 s. Uptake is controlled by wire diameter, oven recovery rate, and bed expansion. Post-fusion is completed in a second forced-air zone at 170–190 °C for 5–10 min, producing a continuous film of 250–450 µm on wire diameters between 4 mm and 6 mm. The main processing conflict occurs at the upper preheat bound: above 360 °C, oxidative discolouration of the unpigmented film becomes visible after a single pass, while below 260 °C, inter-particle coalescence is incomplete and open porosity exposes the steel in subsequent salt exposure. Detergent immersion is performed in a 0.5 % sodium tripolyphosphate solution at 65 °C for 500 h according to ISO 2812-1:2017. Adhesion after water immersion is assessed by cross-cut according to ISO 2409:2020. Salt spray exposure on unscribed panels is typically applied for lot release using ASTM B117-19. The terminal product is an upper or lower dishwasher rack assembly for household and commercial dishwashers.
Thin-gauge galvanised steel brackets with wall thickness from 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm enter the coating line after zinc phosphate treatment and chromate-free passivation. The racks are preheated to 220–270 °C; unlike massive fluidised-bed parts, these stampings cool rapidly after leaving the oven, so the electrostatic application window is short. VESTOSINT® 2162 natural color Polyamide 12 powder is applied by corona-charged guns at a tip voltage of 60–80 kV. Booth relative humidity is held between 40 % and 50 %, and powder resistivity is conditioned between 10¹⁰ Ω·m and 10¹² Ω·m. Grounding continuity is checked at each rack contact point below 1 MΩ; loss of ground produces edge starvation and localised orange-peel surface defects. Deposited film thickness is controlled between 180 µm and 300 µm. The limiting variable is stored heat: at the lower end of the thickness band, post-fusion at 170–190 °C for 5–8 min completes particle coalescence; above 300 µm, the steel interface may remain too cold to achieve sufficient melt wetting, leading to early disbondment under chip impact. Adhesion is assessed by cross-cut per ISO 2409:2020. Chip resistance is measured by the gravelometer method according to SAE J400:2021. The terminal product is an anti-squeak, corrosion-resistant automotive bracket, retaining clip, or seat-frame attachment.
Brass valve bodies and pump casings with wall thicknesses from 10 mm to 20 mm behave as deep heat sinks during fluidised-bed coating. The cast or forged part is alkaline-cleaned, rinsed, and grit-blasted with 60–100 mesh fused alumina to a surface profile of 60–80 µm. Preheat soak times must be extended until the surface stabilises at 320–360 °C; thermocouple confirmation is taken at the flange root rather than at the external wall because the immersion event removes heat unevenly from thick sections. Immersion time of 6–12 s builds a 350–600 µm envelope. Internal threads and flange sealing faces are masked with silicone plugs or high-temperature masking tape to prevent dimensional closure. Post-fusion is performed at 180–200 °C for 10–15 min, allowing the stored thermal mass to complete coalescence without introducing new surface heat. The characteristic defect appears when the flange edge falls below 300 °C: the coating changes from a dense sintered film to a weakly fused porous layer that later shows rust staining with only light mechanical exposure. PA12 equilibrium water absorption is below 1.5 %, which limits swelling in humid industrial service. Corrosion resistance is evaluated by neutral salt spray per ISO 9227:2022, and scribe penetration is rated according to ISO 4628-3:2016. The terminal product is a coated industrial valve body, actuator cover, or pump casing.
Conveyor roller shells drawn from low-carbon steel tube are degreased, grit-blasted, and masked at bearing journals before powder application. The tube is preheated in an infrared tunnel to 250–300 °C, then a cloud of VESTOSINT® 2162 natural color Polyamide 12 powder is applied electrostatically at 40–60 kV to build a cylindrical film of 250–400 µm. Bearing seats are masked so that after coating they can be finish-machined to an H7 fit without tearing the polymer film at the edge line. Post-fusion is carried out at 180–190 °C for 8–12 min. The PA12 surface reduces product marking and absorbs contact vibration; the natural unpigmented film also permits optical detection of substrate corrosion at an early stage. Abrasion resistance is measured on cylindrical coupons by Taber abrasion according to ISO 5470-1:2016, with mass-loss acceptance defined by the buyer since published data for this specific roller configuration is limited. The critical edge boundary is the transition from tube body to machined journal: above 400 µm, post-machining flakes the polymer; below 200 µm, crevice corrosion is observed after repeated conveyor washdown. The terminal product is a silent-running conveyor roller for distribution centres and airport baggage handling.
The following compliance matrix consolidates the acceptance tests that differ across the preceding application tracks.
| Application sector | Primary compliance boundary | Test method | Practical condition |
| Dishwasher rack | Alkaline detergent immersion | ISO 2812-1:2017 | 65 °C, 0.5 % solution, 500 h |
| Automotive bracket | Chip resistance | SAE J400:2021 | Gravelometer exposure |
| Brass valve body | Neutral salt spray | ISO 9227:2022 | Scribe rust rated per ISO 4628-3:2016 |
| Conveyor roller | Rolling abrasion | ISO 5470-1:2016 | Mass loss per buyer internal specification |
Stainless steel guide rails and trolley hooks used in poultry and meat processing are passivated and then mechanically anchored with garnet grit to a surface profile of 50–70 µm. VESTOSINT® 2162 natural color Polyamide 12 is used because the absence of carbon black and titanium dioxide removes two pigment variables from food-contact documentation. Components are preheated to 290–330 °C and fluidised-bed dipped for 4–9 s, yielding a film thickness of 300–500 µm. Post-fusion at 175–185 °C for 6–10 min reduces residual porosity. Overall migration testing is conducted under EU 10/2011 at 40 °C for 10 days, with the limit set at 10 mg/dm². Resin suitability is additionally reviewed against FDA 21 CFR 175.300 for resinous and polymeric coatings used in food handling. A cleaning-in-place simulation using 2 % sodium hydroxide at 70 °C screens for early delamination because PA12 interfacial strength declines in strong alkaline media at elevated temperature. The terminal product is a coated food-processing guide rail, transfer hook, or support bracket.
Pump shafts previously machined from 316L stainless steel are restored with VESTOSINT® 2162 natural color Polyamide 12 when scoring depth is below 0.5 mm and weld-metal dimensional recovery is disproportionate. The shaft is solvent-cleaned, masked outside the repair zone, and grit-blasted to Sa 2½ according to ISO 8501-1:2007. Preheat is maintained at 220–260 °C with a low-energy flame-spray system using propane and compressed air rather than oxy-acetylene. Powder feed is set at 20–40 g/min, with successive passes depositing 400–800 µm across the scored area. Post-heating at 170–180 °C for 5–8 min induces flow-out and fusion. The restored diameter is machined with positive-rake carbide inserts under flood coolant to Ra 0.8–1.6 µm; cutting speed above 120 m/min causes edge delamination. This repair route is limited to non-structural wear surfaces because PA12 powder cannot restore load-bearing metal loss above 1.0 mm in high-pressure service. Published comparative data for this exact flame-spray restoration configuration is limited, so deposition rate and adhesion must be qualified on representative shafts. The terminal product is a size-restored pump shaft or bearing journal in non-aggressive chemical service.
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Evonik VESTOSINT® 2162 natural color Polyamide 12 is a polyamide 12 homopolymer powder supplied as a free-flowing, unpigmented coating material. The product is typically characterized by a laser-diffraction median particle size 50–70 µm according to ISO 13320-1, a melt peak near 176 °C by ISO 11357-3, and a solid density of approximately 1.01 g/cm³ by ISO 1183-1. The natural color designation indicates the absence of carbon black, titanium dioxide, or organic pigments, which preserves translucency in thin films and avoids pigment-related variation in surface resistivity during electrostatic charging. The powder sinters above 150 °C; storage below 40 °C and relative humidity below 60 % is therefore specified to prevent agglomeration and moisture uptake. Residual moisture above 0.1 % by Karl Fischer titration contributes to pinholes and should be reduced by drying at 80 °C for 4 h in dehumidified air before processing. Lot-specific melt-flow values are reported on certificates of analysis using ISO 1133-1; users should obtain current lot data because viscosity varies with molecular weight and may shift the required preheat temperature by up to 5 °C.
Because the polymer is a long-chain polyamide with a lower amide-group density than PA6 or PA66, water absorption is comparatively low and dimensional change in humid environments is limited. Saturated water uptake for PA12 is approximately 1.4 % by ISO 62, whereas PA11 is typically 1.9 % and PA66 exceeds 7 %. This difference is relevant for powder-coated parts that must pass repeated wet/dry cycling without blistering. In differential scanning calorimetry under ISO 11357-7, PA12 coating powders typically show a crystallization peak near 150–155 °C; once the melt cools below this range, flow stops and the film becomes semicrystalline. The supplier's certificate of analysis should be checked for particle-size distribution, melt-flow rate, and moisture content before process validation.
VESTOSINT 2162 is normally selected where a high-melt-viscosity polyamide 12 film is required to limit excessive flow from sharp edges during oven flow-out. In a comparative electrostatic-spray trial on 3 mm cold-rolled steel panels with a 45 kV corona gun and 60 µA current, films based on high-viscosity PA12 retained a dry-film thickness of 120–180 µm at a 90° edge, while low-viscosity PA11 films thinned to 40–80 µm under identical cure. The melt peak remains at 176 °C, but the elevated molecular weight broadens the time-temperature window for sag resistance. Oven settings of 200–220 °C for 5–15 min are typical for film thicknesses up to 300 µm; excessive cure time above 220 °C accelerates yellowing of natural color. Recoating of damaged areas is feasible by hot-air welding or patch spraying if the surface is cleaned with isopropanol and brought above 176 °C at the interface. Interfacial peel strength of recoated PA12 on abraded PA12 according to ISO 4624 is generally lower than that of the original film; values of 4–8 MPa are observed when the interface has not been microscopically roughened, whereas 8–12 MPa is typical for intact original coatings on grit-blasted steel.
Corona electrostatic application of VESTOSINT 2162 natural color PA12 requires conditioning of the fluidized bed and powder feed. On a production-scale line with a 1200 mm booth and four automatic guns, the powder is typically fluidized at 0.5–1.0 bar and conveyed at 1.5–2.5 bar. Spray voltage between 60 kV and 80 kV and gun current between 20 µA and 60 µA are used for flat sheet; inside corners require reducing voltage to avoid back-ionization. Reclaimed powder fractions above 30 % shift the particle-size distribution toward fines below 20 µm, reduce transfer efficiency by 10–15 % relative to fresh powder, and increase the probability of gun spitting and uneven film build. Sieving through a 125 µm screen before return to the feed hopper removes agglomerates and lint. The unpigmented natural color generates a semi-translucent film at 150–250 µm; substrate color and surface condition therefore influence apparent film color, and coverage must be judged with a calibrated eddy-current thickness gauge rather than visual opacity.
Powder flow measurements under ISO 6186 or ISO 8130-5 are used to control fluidization behavior because the natural powder contains no pigment dispersants that might otherwise reduce interparticle friction. Fluidizing air at a dew point below -20 °C is recommended when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60 %, because water adsorption on the powder surface promotes charge decay and poor transfer efficiency. Baffles in the fluidized bed should be maintained below 40 °C to prevent local sintering at contact points; sintered agglomerates larger than 125 µm cause gun blockage and spit defects.
Fluidized-bed coating of VESTOSINT 2162 on steel and aluminum is controlled by the balance between substrate heat content and solidification at the crystallization temperature of 150–155 °C. Preheat temperatures between 290 °C and 310 °C are typical for steel parts with wall thickness 3–6 mm; immersion times of 4–8 s then produce films of 250–400 µm. When the preheat temperature exceeds 310 °C, the natural color powder oxidizes rapidly, causing yellowing and a measurable loss of reverse-impact resistance under ASTM D2794. On one production line coating steel dishwasher baskets, infeed temperature variability of ±15 °C across a basket resulted in film thickness variation from 220 µm to 410 µm on the same part; the problem was corrected by adding preheat soaking at 295 °C for 12 min before immersion. Substrate temperatures below 260 °C cause early crystallization and poor flow, leaving a rough, thin deposit with adhesion below 4 MPa under ISO 4624. Aluminum parts with high thermal conductivity require higher preheat or shorter transfer time from oven to fluidized bed because surface temperature decays at 2–4 °C/s in ambient air. If the part surface exceeds 310 °C for more than 10 min, oxidative yellowing of the natural-color film is likely; lot-specific oxidation induction time data from ISO 11357-6 should be used to define the upper limit. Published data for VESTOSINT 2162 under isothermal oxidation in air at 330 °C is limited.
| Property | Method | VESTOSINT 2162 natural PA12 typical | PA11 coating powder typical |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melt peak | ISO 11357-3 | 176 °C | 188 °C |
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01 g/cm³ | 1.03 g/cm³ |
| Saturated water uptake | ISO 62 | 1.4 % | 1.9 % |
| Shore D hardness | ISO 868 | 70 | 70 |
| Tensile yield stress (molded specimen) | ISO 527-2 | 45 MPa | 42 MPa |
The tabulated values are typical for unpigmented coating powders and are not substitutes for lot-specific certification. Tensile properties are from molded specimens and cannot be directly converted to film performance on blast-cleaned steel because crystallinity, void content, and substrate adhesion control the coating response.
Prior to coating, steel surfaces should be degreased and blast-cleaned to Sa 2.5 per ISO 8501-1, with an anchor profile Rz 40–75 µm per ISO 4287. Phosphated or chromated substrates require additional adhesion testing because zinc phosphate layers can degrade under heat above 200 °C and lower pull-off strength. Polyamide 12 coatings are used in dishwasher baskets, pump housings, and valve parts because the polymer absorbs less water than PA11 and retains mechanical properties under hot aqueous cleaning fluids. Saturated water uptake of PA12 is approximately 1.4 % by ISO 62, compared with 1.9 % for PA11. In ISO 175 immersion tests with 10 % sodium hydroxide at 23 °C, PA12 shows limited mass change; hot detergent solutions containing chlorinated oxidizing agents can, however, attack the surface at temperatures above 60 °C. The material should not be used in continuous contact with concentrated mineral acids, phenol, or benzyl alcohol. Adhesion to grit-blasted steel with surface profile Rz 40–75 µm is typically 8–12 MPa under ISO 4624, with cohesive failure inside the PA12 layer. Lower values in the 4–6 MPa range usually indicate insufficient preheat, oil contamination, or early crystallization at the substrate interface. On a production line for dishwasher baskets, a 3 mm steel basket preheated to 300 °C and immersed for 5 s yielded film thickness 280–320 µm; contact points with racking showed local thinning because racking reduced part temperature by 20–30 °C, requiring racking insulation or a longer preheat soak.
Relative to lower-viscosity PA12 copolymers, VESTOSINT 2162 homopolymer retains less flow into narrow sintered seams, which is advantageous for bridging sharp edges but disadvantageous for deep recesses with blind holes. In those geometries, low-viscosity PA12 or PA11 grades may penetrate deeper before the melt solidifies at 150–155 °C. Compared with epoxy and polyester thermoset powder coatings, VESTOSINT 2162 is thermoplastic and does not undergo a cure exotherm; it is processed by melting rather than crosslinking, allowing repeated melt repair of localized damage. Film hardness is typically lower than that of an amine-cured epoxy: PA12 films measure approximately 70 Shore D by ISO 868, whereas epoxy powder films often exceed 75 Shore D. Reverse impact resistance, however, is generally higher for PA12 films above 200 µm on blast-cleaned steel, with values above 160 in-lb under ASTM D2794; direct comparison to a stated epoxy grade is not possible unless the test panel thickness and cure schedule are held constant. The powder should be kept away from open flame and strong oxidizers; airborne dust concentrations above the lower explosion limit must be controlled by local exhaust ventilation. Continuous service above 80 °C in air can cause gradual oxidative embrittlement; suitability must be confirmed by end-use thermal aging rather than by reference to short-term tensile data.
