| HS Code | 739100 |
| Color | white |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Particle Size D50 | 140 µm |
| Bulk Density | 0.40 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption | 0.2% (24h, 23°C) |
| Tensile Strength | 40 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 250% |
| Shore Hardness | 75 Shore D |
| Impact Strength | no break (Charpy, 23°C) |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.25 W/(m·K) |
| Volume Resistivity | 10^13 Ω·cm |
As an accredited Evonik VESTOSINT® 1174 white Polyamide 12 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Evonik VESTOSINT® 1174 white Polyamide 12 is supplied as free-flowing powder in 25 kg sealed bags. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20' FCL: Palletized, 25kg bags, shrink-wrapped, secure loading. Ensure dry, ventilated container; avoid moisture and static ignition sources. |
| Shipping | VESTOSINT® 1174 white Polyamide 12 ships as a fine thermoplastic powder in sealed, moisture-proof bags or drums. Ensure containers remain dry and undamaged. Transport in standard, covered vehicles at ambient temperatures. Avoid excessive dust accumulation, ignition sources, and direct sunlight during transit. Proper labeling as non-hazardous material is recommended. |
| Storage | Store Evonik VESTOSINT® 1174 white Polyamide 12 in its original, unopened packaging in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Avoid direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture, as humidity can affect powder flow and performance. Ideal temperature is below 25°C. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically 12 months from delivery. |
| Shelf Life | Evonik VESTOSINT® 1174 white Polyamide 12 has a shelf life of at least 2 years when stored unopened in original, dry conditions. |
In fluidized-bed coating lines that apply VESTOSINT 1174 white to drawn AISI 304 wirework destined for commercial dishwasher baskets, the powder is charged into a hopper fitted with a sintered porous plate and fluidized with compressed air at 0.20–0.35 bar and a pressure dew point below −20 °C. The degreased and acid-pickled wire assemblies are preheated in a gas-fired convection tunnel until the surface thermocouple records 330–380 °C, then immersed into the powder cloud for 2–6 s. The dipped rack transfers into a post-fusion zone held at 160–180 °C for 6–12 min, producing a continuous fused film of 250–450 µm on the wire. Film thickness is verified with a dual-type eddy-current gauge in accordance with ISO 2178 and ISO 2360, using not fewer than five measurement points per square metre of rack surface. Adhesion is assessed on flat coupon sections by cross-cut tape peel under ISO 2409; acceptance is class 1 for coating builds above 120 µm. The formulation used in this process is reviewed against REACH 1907/2006 and RoHS 2011/65/EU, while direct food-contact declaration is not assumed for the grade without written grade-specific confirmation. At wire intersections and welded nodes, residual forming stress can initiate microcracking if the fused layer drops below 150 µm; production lines therefore increase immersion time on the lower basket grid or specify a minimum edge radius of 0.5 mm. Reclaimed overspray blended above 20 wt% narrows the processing window because partially sintered particles carry elevated moisture. Moisture above 0.15 % determined by Karl Fischer titration under ISO 15512 produces pinholes at contact points between adjacent wires. Terminal products include commercial dishwasher bottom grids, cutlery holders, and hot-water rinse rack dividers, where the white layer is required to tolerate alkaline detergent exposure at 60–80 °C and periodic citric acid descaling without loss of adhesion.
For seat spring assemblies manufactured from spring steel grades C75S and 51CrV4, VESTOSINT 1174 white is applied on a continuous electrostatic spray line after the wire forms are degreased, shot-peened, and given a thin zinc phosphate layer at a coating mass of 2.0–3.5 g/m² determined gravimetrically under ISO 3892. The phosphate layer serves as both adhesion promoter and temporary corrosion barrier during pre-coat handling. The workpieces are preheated to 120–140 °C and passed through automatic corona guns operating at 60–70 kV, electrode current 10–20 µA, and powder output 40–70 g/min per gun. The target fused film thickness is 120–180 µm on the wire surface; thickness is measured non-destructively on ferritic substrates per ISO 2178. Curing is carried out in a conveyorized gas-fired oven with peak air temperature 170–180 °C and dwell 8–10 min. Comparative tests on seat-mount raceways have shown that build-up beyond 220 µm on spring hooks interferes with clip insertion during seat assembly; gun output is therefore reduced in the hook zone to cap local thickness at 220 µm. Creak noise performance is evaluated on a multiaxial seat test rig at 1–2 Hz load cycling, while coating integrity after cyclic corrosion is screened under ISO 9227 neutral salt spray for 240 h. Impact resistance on flat plate sections is assessed under ISO 6272-1 with a 1 kg falling mass at 50 cm drop height, and the coating must show no flaking beyond 2 mm from the impact centre. Compliance documents for the segment include REACH 1907/2006 and the restricted substance annexes of the automotive supplier agreement; fresh powder and reclaim are typically blended at 90:10 wt%. Terminal parts include seat cushion suspension mats, lumbar support spring arrays, and comfort spring subassemblies for passenger cars.
| Parameter | Fluidized-Bed Dip | Electrostatic Spray |
|---|---|---|
| Substrate preheat | 330–380 °C | 120–140 °C |
| Powder application | 2–6 s immersion | 10–20 µA corona, 60–70 kV |
| Post-fusion/cure | 160–180 °C, 6–12 min | 170–180 °C, 8–10 min |
| Film thickness | 250–450 µm | 120–180 µm |
| Fresh/reclaim ratio | 80:20 wt% maximum | 90:10 wt% maximum |
| Thickness verification | ISO 2178 / ISO 2360 | ISO 2178 |
| Adhesion acceptance | ISO 2409 class 1 | ISO 2409 class 0–1 |
The substrate receives a zinc phosphate conversion layer at a gravimetric coating weight of 2.0–3.5 g/m² according to ISO 3892 before VESTOSINT 1174 white is electrostatically applied to valve handwheels and lever sleeves. For aluminum handwheels used in low-torque control stations, the phosphate step is replaced by a chrome-free trivalent passivation layer conforming to the plant-specific specification referenced to DIN EN 12487. The handwheel castings or forgings are preheated to 200–220 °C in an infrared tunnel, and the powder is applied with automatic corona guns at 65–75 kV and 15–25 µA, giving a fused thickness of 200–300 µm after 10–12 min at 170–180 °C. Chemical resistance of the finished coating is checked by liquid immersion in 10 wt% sodium hydroxide solution at 70 °C for 7 d under ISO 2812-1, with blistering rated no greater than 1(S2) under ISO 4628-2. Salt spray screening on coated steel plate samples is carried out to ISO 9227 for 500 h, with scribe creep not exceeding 2.5 mm when tested according to the relevant automotive or valve-industry purchase specification. The white polyamide surface is specified because it resists cracking at the parting-line rim of die-cast handwheel bosses and because it provides dry-touch insulation against the metal core. The layer is not specified for continuous immersion in strong organic solvents at elevated temperature; published data for this specific grade under concentrated solvent exposure is limited. Terminal products include gate and butterfly valve handwheels, control lever sleeves, and lockable isolation handles on process piping.
Mechanistically, the electrostatic deposition of VESTOSINT 1174 white onto steel drawer slides and retail display hardware is controlled by powder particle charging efficiency at the corona electrode and by the dissipation of surface charge through the semi-insulating layer as the first powder particles fuse. The powder is conditioned at 20–25 °C and 40–55 % RH for a minimum of 24 h before use to prevent feed blockage and to stabilize tribo-electrostatic pickup. Automatic guns deposit the powder at 65–80 kV, electrode current 10–25 µA, and powder output 50–70 g/min per gun, with a gun-to-target spacing of 150–250 mm. The target substrate is cold-rolled steel strip that has been alkaline-cleaned, rinsed, and given an iron phosphate conversion treatment. The powder-coated sections then pass through a conveyorized gas-fired oven at peak metal temperature 175 ± 3 °C for 7–10 min; oven exit temperature is monitored with an IR pyrometer to prevent whiteness drift from overheating. Cured film thickness on the running surface is held at 100–160 µm and measured with either ISO 2178 or ISO 2360 depending on the substrate magnetic character. Abrasion resistance on the slide wear path is evaluated by the Taber method under ISO 9352-1 using a CS-17 wheel, 1000 g load, and 1000 cycles; mass loss is required to remain below 20 mg. Pencil hardness under ISO 15184 is typically specified at H to 2H, and impact resistance is checked with ISO 6272-1 at 50 cm drop height without coating detachment. Because drawer slide subassemblies operate at low sliding speeds and high cycle counts, the coating is formulated without external lubricant that could migrate to adjacent powder-coated surfaces. Terminal products include ball-bearing drawer slide outer rails, retail display rack arms, and rolling garment trolley tubular frames.
For contract furniture frames that require a durable white exterior finish on smooth MIG-welded steel tube, VESTOSINT 1174 white is applied after angular shot blasting to surface cleanliness Sa 2½ under ISO 8501-1. The steel frames are preheated to 280–320 °C when processed by fluidized-bed dip, depending on tube wall thickness and local mass, followed by immersion for 3–8 s and post-fusion at 165–180 °C for 8–12 min. The resulting film thickness on the outer tube face is 180–250 µm; on interior corners, thickness is not specified below 120 µm. At sharp cut edges of laser-cut tube, molten VESTOSINT 1174 white withdraws if the edge radius is below 0.2 mm; a minimum edge radius of 0.5–1.0 mm is therefore specified for coated profiles to maintain edge coverage. Adhesion is tested under ISO 2409 and must meet class 0 on smooth tube sections. Bend resistance is checked on a cylindrical former with diameter 10 mm under ISO 1519, and no cracking is permitted through the fused layer. The coating is specified instead of Nylon 11 because the PA12 layer is less hygroscopic than short-chain polyamide alternatives and provides cleaner tape-release on square-tube edges during adhesive assembly of writing tablets to the frame. The compliance package for this furniture segment includes REACH 1907/2006, RoHS 2011/65/EU, and the procurement specification for low formaldehyde emission in finished goods, while mechanical strength of the welded joint is tested separately from the coating. Terminal products include school chair frames, desk leg assemblies, and mobile teacher workstation frames.
In bottling and food processing plant retrofit work, VESTOSINT 1174 white is applied to stainless steel guide rails, splash guards, and small machine guards that are located upstream of direct product-contact zones. The substrate is cleaned, passivated, and preheated to 220–260 °C before electrostatic powder application at 60–70 kV and 10–20 µA. Fused film thickness is specified at 150–250 µm, measured on non-magnetic stainless steel with ISO 2360. The white layer provides a cleanable, non-marking surface for bottle transfer and prevents black oxide deposition on light-coloured bottle bases during line stops. Compliance for incidental food-contact applications is not automatic; the processor must verify that the exact powder formulation satisfies the relevant requirements of EU 10/2011 or FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 for the intended use temperature and food simulant. Chemical resistance to dilute peracetic acid sanitizer is screened at 20 °C for 72 h under ISO 2812-1, and coatings must remain free of blisters at 1(S2) or better. Terminal products include HDPE bottle guide rail sleeves, dairy case splash guards, and control panel enclosure surrounds. Published data for this specific VESTOSINT 1174 white grade under full food simulant migration testing is limited; formal migration and organoleptic testing is conducted only against the actual purchased lot.
| Segment | Standard/Code | Test or Requirement | Acceptance Limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dishwasher baskets | ISO 2178 / ISO 2360 | Thickness measurement | 250–450 µm on wire |
| Dishwasher baskets | ISO 2409 | Cross-cut adhesion | Class 1 |
| Automotive springs | ISO 9227 | Neutral salt spray | 240 h, no red rust |
| Valve handwheels | ISO 2812-1 | Chemical immersion | No blister above 1(S2) |
| Drawer slides | ISO 9352-1 | Taber abrasion | Mass loss <20 mg, 1000 cycles |
| Furniture frames | ISO 6272-1 | Impact deformation | No detachment at 50 cm |
| Food-line guards | EU 10/2011 | Misregistration check | Not assumed without lot-specific testing |
Production experience with laser-cut steel machine guards reveals a recurrent failure mode in which the coating withdraws from the oxide-free but geometrically sharp cut edge during fusion, leaving a discontinuous bead and potential humidity entry. The defect is observed when VESTOSINT 1174 white is processed at the lower end of the post-fusion range, below 165 °C, because the melt viscosity is insufficiently reduced to flow over a radius below 0.2 mm. Process adjustments include raising the post-fusion zone to 175–180 °C, reducing line speed to extend soak time by 2–3 min, and adjusting reclaim addition to no more than 15 wt%. The geometry of the guard part is also corrected by specifying a 0.5–0.8 mm edge radius on laser-cut profiles before coating. Thickness on the cut edge is inspected under ISO 2178 or by cross-section microscopy at 100× magnification; a continuous layer below 100 µm at the edge is reported as nonconforming. The white layer on such guards is expected to withstand occasional washdown with neutral detergent at 40 °C and to resist yellowing under machine-shop lighting with high UV content. Long-term UV exposure is not a specification for the grade unless an external UV-stable topcoat is applied. Terminal products are machine guarding panels, robotic cell perimeter guards, and CNC machine door infill panels. The processing defects described are drawn from common powder coating line observations on small-batch and job-shop runs, and documented acceptance ranges should be confirmed on the specific line because oven calibration and part loading density can shift the edge-peeling threshold.
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Evonik VESTOSINT® 1174 white Polyamide 12 is a thermoplastic coating powder based on ω-laurolactam, supplied as a white fine-particle material for fluidised-bed sintering, electrostatic spray deposition, flame spraying, and dip coating of metallic substrates. The grade belongs to the VESTOSINT family of PA12 powders, which differ from reactive thermoset powders in that film formation occurs through melt fusion and recrystallization rather than cure chemistry. The product is therefore re-meltable and weldable, and overspray can be reclaimed when particle-size distribution and moisture uptake are controlled. Selection of VESTOSINT 1174 white generally targets applications requiring low coefficient of friction, low water absorption relative to PA6/PA66, and ductile impact behaviour below 0 °C. Comparative selection should evaluate the product against alternative PA12 grades and competing thermoplastic powders such as PA11 on the basis of melt temperature, particle-size distribution, and deposition-mode transfer efficiency.
Representative physical data used for preliminary material selection are listed in Table 1. Batch certificate values may differ; conflicts should be resolved against the certificate.
| Property | Representative value | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Powder bulk density | 0.45 g/cm³ | DIN EN ISO 60 |
| Particle-size top cut | 100 µm | ISO 8130-1 |
| Coating density | 1.01 g/cm³ | ISO 1183-1 |
| Melting range | 176–180 °C | ISO 11357-3 |
| Shore D hardness | 70 | ISO 7619-1 |
| Tensile strength of coating film | 45 MPa | ISO 527-2 |
| Elongation at break of coating film | >200 % | ISO 527-2 |
| Water absorption at saturation | 1.5 % | ISO 62 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion | 1.1 × 10−4 K⁻¹ | ISO 11359-2 |
Particle-size distribution of VESTOSINT 1174 white is controlled for corona electrostatic spray guns and fluidised-bed hoppers. In corona charging systems, particles below 10 µm tend to produce high charge-to-mass ratios but suffer from overspray and low transfer to recessed regions; particles above 100 µm exhibit poor electrostatic adhesion and may fall from vertical surfaces before sintering. Production-scale electrostatic coating lines with flat-plate electrodes and air-assist nozzles generally set gun voltage between 60 kV and 90 kV, with powder output between 80 g/min and 180 g/min; transfer efficiency on cold parts is maintained when the top cut is controlled below 100 µm and the D50 remains in the 40–60 µm range. Powder flow measurements by ISO 8130-5 or DIN EN ISO 60 should be recorded at incoming inspection because batch-to-batch variation in fines content alters hopper fluidisation and gun dosing. Moisture uptake above 0.1 % reduces powder fluidisation and can generate Faraday-cage defects in corner geometries. Pre-drying at 80 °C for 4 h in a dehumidified air oven is recommended after storage at relative humidity above 60 %; fluidised-bed feed hoppers should be purged with dried air at −40 °C dew point. Coating lines that recycle overspray must screen the reclaimed powder through a 150 µm sieve and blend at no more than 30 % reclaimed material to avoid build-up of fine particles and oxidized polymer. These values are derived from general PA12 powder practice and industrial coating equipment technical bulletins; batch-specific particle-size data should be obtained from the certificate of analysis.
Table 2 provides starting-point ranges for common deposition methods used with VESTOSINT 1174 white. These ranges are not final line settings; they are derived from industrial coating equipment practice for unfilled PA12 coating powders.
| Deposition method | Parameter | Starting-point range |
|---|---|---|
| Electrostatic spray | Gun voltage | 60–90 kV |
| Electrostatic spray | Powder output | 80–180 g/min |
| Fluidised-bed dip | Part preheat temperature | 350–400 °C |
| Fluidised-bed dip | Dwell time | 3–8 s |
| Flame spray | Air pressure | 0.2–0.4 MPa |
| Flame spray | Substrate temperature | 180–250 °C |
In fluidised-bed sintering, metal parts are preheated above the crystalline melting range of PA12, then immersed in the fluidised powder. VESTOSINT 1174 white melts over 176–180 °C by ISO 11357-3; practical part preheat temperatures on production lines are typically 350–400 °C for steel parts with wall thickness 2–5 mm, measured by infrared pyrometer at the point of immersion. The high preheat provides the sensible heat to fuse powder and produce a film thickness of 150–350 µm after one dip. Coating thickness is governed by part heat capacity, dwell time, withdrawal rate, and powder bed temperature; bed temperature is usually held below 50 °C to prevent sintering in the hopper. After withdrawal, residual heat completes film coalescence and initiates crystallization; parts are quenched or slow-cooled depending on required crystallinity. Rapid cooling increases amorphous content and lowers thermal stability but improves impact resistance slightly; slow cooling increases crystallinity and hardness. Post-heating at 180 °C for 5–10 min is used to reduce internal stresses and heal pinholes. For thin-wall parts, the same preheat range may cause polymer degradation or film yellowing if dwell exceeds 10 s; published data for this specific configuration is limited, so line trials with substrate thermocouples are required. The product is a thermoplastic, so re-heating of a defective area can re-flow the film, unlike thermoset powders.
Substitution of an epoxy or polyester thermoset powder with VESTOSINT 1174 white changes both process control and end-use performance. Thermoset powders develop hardness and solvent resistance through crosslinking; VESTOSINT 1174 white forms a semicrystalline thermoplastic film with elongation at break above 200 % by ISO 527-2, whereas typical epoxy films exhibit elongation below 6 % and fail by brittle cracking under impact at low temperature. The PA12 film has lower Shore D hardness than cycloaliphatic epoxy films, so it is not selected where scratch resistance is the controlling specification. Edge coverage also differs: a thermosetting melt can retain a film on sharp edges as viscosity rises during cure, while the thermoplastic melt may recede from edges if the part is overheated. Processors compensate by reducing part preheat temperature or increasing powder recirculation. In corrosion-critical applications, VESTOSINT 1174 white without a primer may not meet salt-spray requirements beyond 1000 h under ISO 9227:2022 NSS on degreased steel; adhesion loss at the scribe can occur after 500–1000 h when film thickness is below 200 µm. With zinc phosphate pretreatment and a suitable primer, coated parts can be specified for longer exposure. Compared with PA11 coating powder, PA12 has a slightly lower melting range and lower water absorption; PA11 may exhibit better impact resistance at very low temperature in some formulations, but direct comparison must be made using ISO 179-1 notched impact data on the actual substrate. Within the VESTOSINT range, 1174 white is distinguished from carbon-black-pigmented coating grades mainly by pigmentation and aesthetic position; the white TiO₂ pigment may reduce charging consistency and require a reduction in electrostatic gun current by 5–15 µA to suppress back-ionization on large flat panels.
Free-film mechanical data generated by ISO 527-2 on a 250 µm film of VESTOSINT 1174 white should not be applied directly to a powder-coated part with variable thickness. On production lines, film thickness variation of ±50 µm on sharp edges is common, and the resulting local stress concentration reduces low-temperature impact resistance. Coating thickness should be measured by ISO 2808 eddy-current or destructive cross-section methods. When a specification requires notched impact resistance at −40 °C, the coated part should be tested according to ISO 179-1 or ISO 180 on the actual substrate geometry, because the powder film alone does not represent the energy absorption of the composite structure.
Adhesion to degreased, grit-blasted steel and aluminium is a process boundary, not an inherent property of the powder. Coating lines that specify VESTOSINT 1174 white for immersion or dishwasher environments typically use a zinc phosphate or thin-film silane pretreatment for steel, and chromate-free conversion coatings for aluminium, followed by baking at 120 °C to 150 °C for 20 min before powder application. Adhesion after conditioning in deionised water at 40 °C for 14 days is assessed by ISO 2409 cross-cut; loss of adhesion greater than 1 classification step indicates an inadequate interface. The product is not recommended for continuous exposure to concentrated acetic acid, formic acid, or phenol; swelling may occur in methanol and glycol ethers. Approval for food-contact applications should be confirmed against the specific grade’s FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 and EU Regulation 10/2011 compliance documentation for the application and use temperature. Continuous service above 80 °C under load is not recommended because PA12 softens near its glass transition and creep rate increases; hydrothermal ageing in steam above 121 °C accelerates amide hydrolysis.
Thermo-oxidative stability of VESTOSINT 1174 white is governed by the melt-processing thermal history. Repeated reclamation of overspray beyond 3 cycles raises acid value and yellowing; the powder should not be dry-blended with epoxy or polyester powder because melt-phase incompatibility generates low-gloss inclusions and delamination defects. The addition of reclaimed powder should be limited to 30 % unless oxidative induction time by ISO 11357-6 is monitored. Published data for highly accelerated weathering of this specific white PA12 grade is limited; outdoor colour stability should be verified by ISO 4892-2 UV exposure before specification for exterior parts.
