| HS Code | 359004 |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption At 24h | 0.3 % |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 35 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 1000 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 50 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 50 % |
| Flexural Modulus | 950 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched | 5 kJ/m² |
| Izod Impact Strength Notched | 4 kJ/m² |
| Hardness Shore D | 76 |
| Volume Resistivity | 1e12 Ω·cm |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid XE 3982 Nylon 12, Conditioned factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | EMS-Grivory Grilamid XE 3982 Nylon 12, Conditioned is supplied as dry pellets in sealed, moisture-proof 25 kg bags. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Load 20′ FCL with palletized Grilamid XE 3982 nylon 12 granules, securely dunnaged, protected from moisture and contamination, for safe transit. |
| Shipping | Ship EMS-Grivory Grilamid XE 3982 Nylon 12 as non-hazardous, conditioned granules. Store in sealed, moisture-proof packaging to prevent water absorption. Transport at ambient temperature, protected from excessive heat and humidity. Ensure containers are dry and intact; avoid direct sunlight. Standard dry freight or truck shipment is suitable. |
| Storage | Store EMS-Grivory Grilamid XE 3982 Nylon 12 (Conditioned) in its original, sealed packaging in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture, as nylon absorbs humidity. Ideal temperature: below 30°C. Keep away from oxidizing agents. Use within recommended shelf life to maintain uniform conditioning and performance. |
| Shelf Life | Store in original sealed container, cool and dry. Typical shelf life is two years from manufacture date when properly conditioned. |
In heavy-duty vehicle pneumatic circuits, Grilamid XE 3982 Nylon 12 conditioned to 50 % RH at 23 °C is extruded into coiled air brake and pneumatic suspension tubing. Conditioned lot data generated under ISO 1110 must not be confused with dry-as-molded values, because water uptake lowers tensile modulus while raising elongation at break and low-temperature impact resistance. Pellets are pre-dried in a desiccant hopper at 80 °C for 4–6 h, using a dew point of −40 °C and a target residual moisture below 0.10 wt% by Karl Fischer titration at 170 °C; moisture above 0.15 wt% causes melt surging at the die and degrades concentricity below the 0.05 mm tolerance band. Extrusion is performed on a single-screw extruder with 30:1 L/D, a barrier screw, a 60/80/60 mesh screen pack, and a static mixer in the adapter. Barrel temperatures are profiled from 210 °C in the feed zone to 240 °C at the metering zone, with the die held at 235 °C; vacuum calibration at −0.8 bar partial vacuum locks the outer diameter before quench. The final tube wall contains 2–3 wt% carbon black masterbatch for UV resistance, and clean regrind is limited to 15 wt% to prevent widening of molecular weight distribution and pinhole formation. Silos with batch-to-batch moisture variation require hopper sampling every 4 h; otherwise day-to-day viscosity drift changes die-swell and final wall thickness. Burst and pressure-cycling performance is assessed under SAE J844 and DIN 73378, with coiled assemblies heat-aged at 100 °C for 1,000 h before low-temperature burst verification. The terminal product is push-to-connect air brake line, cab suspension leveling coil, and dump-valve pilot line in commercial vehicles.
| Conditioning state | Test method | Mechanical response in PA12 tube wall |
|---|---|---|
| Dry-as-molded, moisture below 0.10 wt% | ISO 527-2 | Higher tensile modulus and hoop stress; lower notched impact |
| Conditioned at 23 °C / 50 % RH to 0.8–1.2 wt% water | ISO 527-2, ISO 179/1eA | Tensile modulus falls by 15–30 %; elongation at break and impact strength rise |
| Water-saturated at 23 °C | ISO 62 | Modulus reaches a plateau; dimensional increase becomes the design limit |
The fuel vapour return circuit in diesel passenger cars and commercial engines places a PA12 outer cap against clip, abrasion, and stone impingement, while the permeation barrier is supplied by a coextruded EVOH or modified polyamide layer. In five-layer construction the outer PA12 cap is maintained at 0.5–0.8 mm, the tie layer at 0.03–0.05 mm, the EVOH barrier at 0.08–0.12 mm, and the inner PA12 at 0.15–0.25 mm; total wall thickness is governed by OEM fitting retention and minimum bend radius. Coextrusion uses satellite extruders with gravimetric dosing and gear pumps on each layer, so melt-temperature separation can be held at 235 °C for PA12 and 215–220 °C for EVOH; exceeding 230 °C at the barrier layer produces gel deposition at the die lip. Layer runout is monitored in-line by ultrasonic wall measurement at 25 MHz, with alarm limits at 0.02 mm eccentricity. The conditioned PA12 cap contributes cold impact resistance at −30 °C measured by ISO 179/1eA, but moisture in the PA12 layer does not control permeation; evaporative emission compliance is assessed through SAE J2260 and vehicle-level SHED testing aligned to CARB or Euro 6d protocols. Die gap is set 20 % above final wall to compensate draw-down, and vacuum calibration maintains a wall-thickness capability index Cpk above 1.33. Terminal products include fuel filler neck vent lines, tank rollover valve lines, and diesel vapour return jumper hoses, where the dominant failure mode is barrier-layer kinking after repeated clamp cycles, not PA12 brittleness.
For subsea hydraulic control lines and methanol injection umbilicals, the PA12 sheath is crosshead-extruded over stainless steel 316L or duplex tube at line speeds below 20 m/min, using a 25:1 L/D PA screw and a die land ratio of 10:1 to maintain melt pressure above 150 bar. The sheath composition is plasticizer-free and contains 2.5 wt% carbon black plus a hydrolysis-resistant heat package below 0.5 wt%; the absence of low-molecular-weight plasticiser reduces extraction into hot methanol and glycol-based fluids. Pre-drying follows the same 80 °C desiccant-dryer protocol, but continuous Karl Fischer sampling from the hopper is required on runs above 3,000 m to prevent moisture drift beyond 0.12 wt%. After crosshead extrusion, the sheath is cooled in 40 °C water and passed through a laser diameter gauge with ovality limits below 5 %. Long-length production uses a vertical accumulator after cooling to decouple extrusion speed from downstream coiling. Hydrostatic collapse resistance is evaluated under API 17E and ISO 13628-5 at 30 °C and 60 °C, with additional chemical resistance screening per NORSOK M-710. Because the conditioned PA12 modulus is lower than dry modulus, deepwater wall design must not rely solely on room-temperature conditioned tensile data; the designer should apply the end-use moisture profile or wet-state modulus. The terminal product is the outer protection sheath in steel-tube control umbilicals and methanol injection lines for subsea trees and manifolds.
When PA12 is adopted as a halogen-free jacket layer in electric-vehicle supply equipment cable, the design driver is the combined requirement of low-temperature flexibility, abrasion resistance, and mineral-oil resistance typical of charging installations. Pressure extrusion with a tube-on pressure die is preferred, using a 24:1 L/D single-screw machine with melt temperature between 230 °C and 240 °C; screw speed above 60 min⁻¹ tends to generate shear heating in the metering zone, so barrel cooling at the feed throat must remain active. The formulation typically contains 5–15 wt% non-halogenated flame-retardant masterbatch plus 2 wt% carbon black, but published compound-specific data for this exact PA12 grade in halogen-free FR cable formulations is limited; therefore, twin-screw compounding trials at 26:1 L/D are required before industrial extrusion. The jacket is cooled in a hot-water trough at 40 °C over 10 m to reduce frozen-in stress, and the line is purged with a low-viscosity PA12 purge compound whenever shutdown exceeds 15 min to prevent die-lip discoloration. Compliance is assessed through IEC 62893-1 for charging-cable construction, EN 50620 for the European EV charging cord, IEC 60811-506 for cold impact at −40 °C, and UL 2263 for the North American EV supply-equipment cable configuration. Compared with crosslinked PE, the PA12 jacket can be specified at reduced wall thickness while retaining abrasion and chemical resistance, but the extinction of flame through the outer jacket must be retested after any wall-thickness reduction. The terminal product is the flexible outer sheath of Mode 2 and Mode 3 charging cables, as well as industrial charging leads.
Mandrel-formed convoluted tubes and hydraulic hose liners exploit the high melt viscosity of the PA12 grade to maintain wall uniformity during crosshead extrusion over a flexible mandrel. In hydraulic hose construction, the liner is extruded at 230–240 °C through a crosshead die, then immediately cooled to 60 °C before the aramid or steel-wire braiding step; residual liner heat above 80 °C at braiding causes the wire to cut into the liner. The liner formulation uses heat-stabilised PA12 with 10 wt% maximum clean regrind and no external plasticizer, because plasticizer migration into hydraulic esters reduces burst strength retention after 1,000 h at 100 °C. Bonding between the PA12 liner and the rubber jacket is achieved with an adhesion promoter that is free of resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, since amine-based adhesion agents can cause premature yellowing and surface crosslinking. Pressure performance is evaluated under ISO 18752 and SAE 100R12 or SAE 100R13 depending on the braid configuration, while fluid resistance is screened in reference oil at 100 °C for 1,000 h per ISO 1817. The terminal products are high-pressure hydraulic lines for construction machinery, compactors, and mobile cranes; failure is most often observed as liner cracking at the hose-ferrule interface if the PA12 is inadequately moisture-conditioned before crimping, because dry-as-molded liners have lower notch impact and cannot absorb the deformation imposed by ferrule compression.
Automated lubrication and coolant lines in CNC machining centres use conditioned PA12 for its combination of oil resistance and dimensional stability under water-glycol coolants. The tube is extruded on a 28:1 L/D polyamide screw at 220–235 °C, vacuum-sized to an outer-diameter tolerance of ±0.05 mm, and post-formed into spiral coils at 120 °C to reduce kinking. The formulation contains hydrolysis-resistant heat stabiliser at 0.3–0.7 wt% and no external plasticizer, because coolant extraction of plasticizer would cause progressive embrittlement and surface tack. Long-term exposure to water-glycol at 80 °C is monitored by ISO 527-2 tensile retention after 500 h and 1,000 h immersion. Push-to-connect fittings are specified with sleeves that do not impose radial creep exceeding the conditioned PA12 yield at 80 °C. The terminal product is the lubrication and coolant delivery circuit of machining centres, transfer lines, and automated assembly equipment.
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When polyamide 12 is evaluated for fluid conduits that must pass cold-impact tests after humidity cycling, the moisture state is a specification variable. EMS-GRIVORY Grilamid XE 3982 Nylon 12 in the conditioned state is a high-viscosity, heat-stabilised polyamide 12 grade within the impact-modified segment of the Grilamid range. Conditioning under ISO 1110 at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity brings unreinforced PA12 to approximately 0.7 % moisture by weight, whereas a PA6 reference under the same conditions reaches roughly 2.5–3.0 %. Because PA12 has a lower amide concentration than short-chain aliphatic nylons, its equilibrium moisture uptake is lower, and the transition from dry-as-moulded to conditioned properties is smaller. For XE 3982, the principal conditioned-state changes are a decrease in tensile modulus, a reduction in yield stress, an increase in elongation at break, and improvement in notched impact energy.
Conditioned mechanical data are generated after specimens are stored in a climate chamber until mass change over 24 h is less than 0.01 %. For PA12, this is commonly reached after approximately 168 h at 23 °C/50 % RH from the dry state, although thinner sections equilibrate faster. Tensile testing according to ISO 527-1/-2 uses 1 mm/min for modulus determination and 50 mm/min for yield, while Charpy notched impact is evaluated according to ISO 179-1/1eA on 4 mm thick specimens with a 2 mm notch. Direct comparison with dry-as-moulded data is valid only when specimen thickness, notch geometry, and conditioning protocol are identical.
Unmodified PA12 grades rely primarily on molecular weight for melt strength. XE 3982 provides a higher melt-tenacity baseline and a low-temperature impact response that is not dependent on migratory plasticisers. In production-scale tubing, plasticiser-free impact modification avoids the progressive loss of ductility that can occur when low-molecular-mass additives diffuse through the tube wall during thermal ageing. The grade is therefore considered where conditioned Charpy notched impact energy at 23 °C must remain above 40 kJ/m² and where the -30 °C value should not fall below 10–15 kJ/m². Published data for this specific configuration is limited outside the EMS-GRIVORY technical datasheet; lot-specific certificates are required for design approval. The impact-modified character also reduces flexural stiffness relative to unmodified PA12, so unsupported tube lengths may require closer clamp spacing or larger wall thickness if rigidity is the governing criterion.
Compared with PA11, another long-chain polyamide used for tubing, PA12 provides a similar low moisture uptake and ductility profile but is typically supplied at a lower global price. Compared with PA6 and PA66, PA12 has lower density, lower equilibrium moisture uptake, and better retention of low-temperature impact resistance, at the cost of lower melting temperature and lower tensile strength. XE 3982 specifically modifies the impact response of PA12, which widens the performance gap relative to PA6 in cold impact tests. However, the upper continuous use temperature is limited by the melting point of 176 °C; for sustained service above 120 °C, a high-temperature polyamide such as PPA is normally required.
Indicative conditioned values for design screening are shown below. The ranges are compiled from typical PA12 impact-modified grade data and are not specification limits.
| Property | Test method | Indicative value range |
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01–1.02 g/cm³ |
| Tensile modulus, 1 mm/min | ISO 527-1/-2 | 1,100–1,300 MPa |
| Tensile stress at yield, 50 mm/min | ISO 527-1/-2 | 35–40 MPa |
| Nominal strain at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | >50 % |
| Charpy notched impact, 23 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 40–60 kJ/m² |
| Charpy notched impact, -30 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 10–20 kJ/m² |
| Melting temperature | ISO 11357-3 | 176 °C |
| Melt volume-flow rate, 275 °C/5 kg | ISO 1133-1 | 4–6 cm³/10 min |
Moisture control for melt processing is more stringent than the equilibrium moisture level used for mechanical testing. A pellet with 0.7 % internal moisture may be acceptable for conditioned property determination, but it is unacceptable for melt extrusion because dissolved water hydrolyses the amide groups at processing temperature. Pre-drying in a desiccant dryer at 80 °C for 4–6 h to a residual moisture level below 0.1 % is standard. If the feed throat is open to ambient air above 60 % RH for more than 4 h, surface moisture re-adsorption can produce splay, melt pressure fluctuation, and reduced melt strength. A dryer outlet dew point of -30 °C or lower should be maintained. Drying temperatures above 90 °C for prolonged periods are not recommended because oxidative yellowing and melt-flow drift may occur.
On a grooved-feed single-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 30:1 and a barrel diameter of 45 mm, a three-zone screw with a compression ratio of 2.5:1 is typical. Barrel temperatures of 200–230 °C in the feed zone, 220–240 °C in the compression zone, and 230–250 °C in the metering zone are used, with a die head temperature of 220–240 °C. Melt temperature should not exceed 250 °C. At screw speeds above 100 rpm on the 45 mm line, shear heating can raise melt temperature by more than 5 °C, so temperature profiling is necessary. Melt pressure fluctuation above 5 % of the mean die pressure typically indicates unstable feed, worn screw, or excessive regrind. A regrind fraction above 30 % is not advised for tubing that must meet burst-pressure requirements because repeated heat history reduces melt strength and increases gel formation.
Rheologically, the melt exhibits shear-thinning behaviour. For a high-viscosity PA12 of this type, apparent viscosity at 100 s⁻¹ is typically in the order of 50–200 Pa·s, with the lower value corresponding to elevated melt temperature and the upper value to dry feed at the lower end of the melt-temperature window. Melt strength is best assessed on a capillary rheometer with a melt extensional module; a filament draw-down speed at break below 100 mm/s is indicative of insufficient melt strength for vacuum calibration. Die drool is controlled by maintaining a die land length of 10–15 mm and eliminating dead spots in the head. Batch-to-batch variation in melt volume-flow rate is normally maintained within ±10 %, but narrow die gaps may require adjustment of screw speed or temperature.
Thermal analysis by ISO 11357-3 shows a melting endotherm peak at approximately 176 °C. Non-isothermal crystallisation on cooling at 10 °C/min begins near 150–155 °C and peaks near 145 °C. The crystallinity of extruded tube is influenced by cooling rate; rapid quenching in a 20 °C water bath produces smaller spherulites and higher elongation, while slow cooling yields higher modulus and lower impact energy. These differences are measurable on the production line but are not captured by standard conditioned test specimens.
Pneumatic tubing and commercial vehicle air brake tubing are often qualified with a cold-impact test after hot-air ageing and humidity exposure. In those tests, dry-as-moulded Charpy data can overestimate low-temperature performance because the ductile-to-brittle transition shifts with conditioning and ageing. Grilamid XE 3982 is designed to retain low-temperature impact energy at -30 °C after conditioning. The heat-stabilisation package resists oxidative embrittlement during short-term exposure up to 120 °C when evaluated by accelerated ageing methods such as ISO 188. Finished tube validation typically follows ISO 7628 for air brake tubing or an OEM-specific sequence that includes burst pressure, hot-oil ageing, cold impact at -40 °C, and dimensional recovery. Published data for this specific configuration in air brake systems is limited; final approval is performed on extruded tube assemblies rather than on pellets.
For outdoor exposure, the natural grade should be UV-stabilised or pigmented with carbon black; otherwise surface chalking and embrittlement can occur. The impact-modified package does not by itself provide UV stability. Weathering performance should be confirmed by ISO 4892-2 or a relevant OEM exterior test sequence when the tube or connector is not shielded from sunlight.
When the same grade is injection moulded into connector bodies or sensor housings, the melt temperature is normally 230–260 °C and the mould surface temperature is 20–80 °C. At the lower mould-temperature boundary, crystallinity is lower and post-mould shrinkage may increase; at the upper boundary, cycle time is longer but dimensional stability improves. Holding pressure is typically 30–60 % of the injection pressure. Screw-back pressure of 20–80 bar helps homogenise the melt; higher back pressure increases melt temperature and residence time. For profile extrusion, a vacuum calibration tank with a vacuum level of 0.2–0.6 bar below atmospheric and water temperature of 20–40 °C is common. Calibration sleeve length for round tube should be at least 10 times the outer diameter, and draw-down ratio should be kept below 1.5:1. If the draw-down ratio exceeds 1.5:1, molecular orientation can produce anisotropic shrink and reduce hoop strength in the finished tube.
In cable sheathing applications, the conditioned grade offers a balance of flexibility and abrasion resistance. Jacket extrusion is performed on a crosshead die with pressure tooling. Pre-heating of the conductor or optical fibre bundle to 60–80 °C improves adhesion control when an inner liner is used. Because the equilibrium moisture uptake of PA12 is low, the change in electrical performance under humid service is smaller than with PA6. Volume resistivity and comparative tracking index should be confirmed according to IEC 62631-3-1 and IEC 60112 on the exact wall thickness before electrical enclosure use.
Chemical resistance of the conditioned grade follows the general behaviour of PA12: aliphatic hydrocarbons, diesel fuel, lubricating oils, hydraulic fluids, and saline solutions are generally well tolerated, while strong mineral acids, phenols, cresols, and certain chlorinated solvents are incompatible. Continuous hot-water exposure above 80 °C can produce slow hydrolysis; the rate is lower than for PA6/PA66, but design validation under ISO 22088-1 or a pressure-vessel protocol is required for multi-year service. Regulatory compliance must be verified on the exact colourant and lot: EMS-GRIVORY provides REACH and RoHS declarations, while food-contact status depends on EU 10/2011 or FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 for the specific formulation.
