| HS Code | 897828 |
| Base Polymer | PAMACM12 (amorphous transparent polyamide) |
| Density | 1.06 g/cm³ |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 155 °C |
| Melting Temperature | none (amorphous) |
| Tensile Modulus | 2100 MPa |
| Yield Stress | 90 MPa |
| Tensile Strain At Break | >50 % |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength 23c | 10 kJ/m² |
| Heat Deflection Temperature Hdt A 1 8mpa | 125 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature Hdt B 0 45mpa | 140 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B50 | 150 °C |
| Water Absorption 24h At 23c | 0.3 % |
| Light Transmission 1mm | 90 % |
| Ul94 Flammability | HB |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid TR 90 NZZ nat PAMACM12-I factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Grilamid TR 90 NZZ nat PAMACM12-I is packaged as dry translucent pellets in sealed 25 kg polyethylene bags, palletized for transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20’ FCL: palletized EMS-Grivory Grilamid TR 90 NZZ nat PAMACM12-I granules, securely loaded and braced in one container. |
| Shipping | Grilamid TR 90 NZZ nat is shipped as transparent polyamide granules in sealed, moisture-proof bags or drums. Transport at ambient temperature, protected from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight. Standard dry freight is suitable; avoid condensation. Handle with care to preserve product purity and packaging integrity. No special hazardous goods declaration required. |
| Storage | Store in the original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry area at room temperature. Protect from moisture, direct sunlight, and excessive heat to prevent degradation or water absorption. Keep away from incompatible substances. Under these conditions, the material remains processable within its stated shelf life. |
| Shelf Life | Store in original sealed container, cool and dry. Shelf life is two years from date of manufacture. |
Injection-compression moulding of Grilamid TR 90 NZZ nat / PAMACM12-I for ophthalmic carrier bodies and high-clarity visor shells starts with desiccant drying at 80°C until residual moisture by Karl Fischer titration is below 0.10%. Material held above this threshold during plastication generates splay, silver streaks and a measurable drop in notched Charpy impact after moulding. Melt temperature at the nozzle is maintained between 250°C and 280°C, while the tool face is run at 60–80°C to suppress frozen-in orientation. Injection-compression stroke after fill is set to 0.3–0.8 mm, with cavity pressure held near 400–600 bar; compacting pressure below 300 bar produces centre-line voiding in walls above 2 mm. Optical acceptance uses total luminous transmittance above 90% at 2 mm thickness per ISO 13468-1 and haze below 3% per ASTM D1003. Birefringence in the optical zone is inspected under polarised light; retardation beyond 100 nm is cause for rejection in prescription lens carriers. UV absorber masterbatch is metered at 0.2–0.5 wt% with compatible polyamide carrier resin; loadings above 0.8 wt% reduce room-temperature notched Charpy impact from supplier-datasheet values near 10 kJ/m² per ISO 179-1/1eA and increase haze under ASTM D1003. The grade density of 1.00 g/cm³ per ISO 1183 yields mass reduction over polycarbonate in injection-compression tooling while retaining chemical resistance required for safety visors exposed to alcohol-based cleaning agents. Escape from the low-density melt cushion has been observed on multi-cavity tools when the mould was left at 40°C; raising the tool face to 70°C eliminated the defect without increasing cycle time beyond 35 s on a 1600 kN clamping force press.
A documented failure mode in transparent fluid-management connectors is environmental stress cracking at the hose barb after ethylene oxide sterilisation followed by exposure to lipid emulsions. Residual stress magnitude is controlled by gate design and packing history, not by raw material alone. On a 32-cavity hot-runner tool with valve gates, cavity pressure above 600 bar at transfer generated gate blush and increased retained stress at the sealing feature. Reducing injection speed to fill the part in 1.2–1.5 s and applying holding pressure of 300–400 bar for 6 s reduced cracking after immersion in a 10% ethanol-water solution at 50°C for 72 h per ISO 175. Biocompatibility is assessed at system level under ISO 10993-1 and ISO 14971 risk management, not claimed as a raw-pellet property. Cytotoxicity per ISO 10993-5, sensitisation per ISO 10993-10, and irritation per ISO 10993-23 are evaluated on finished devices after the selected sterilisation dose. Low-temperature steam at 121°C for 15 min is evaluated; dimensional change must be measured after conditioning because the transparent polyamide absorbs moisture. A maximum mass gain of 1.5% after 24 h water contact at 23°C per ISO 62 is used as a drying and post-sterilisation control point. For fluid pumps and sealed connectors, the MACM12 backbone resists stress cracking in dialysate and alcohol-based disinfectants better than polycarbonate in the same geometry, but published data for specific drug combinations remains limited; compatibility testing per ASTM D543 with the actual formulation is mandatory before release.
| Evaluation | Standard | Carrier condition |
|---|---|---|
| Cytotoxicity | ISO 10993-5 | MEM extract, viable cell rate above 70% |
| Sensitisation | ISO 10993-10 | Guinea pig maximisation or LLNA |
| Irritation | ISO 10993-23 | Intracutaneous or in vitro skin model |
| Systemic toxicity | ISO 10993-11 | Single-exposure extract |
| Chemical characterisation | ISO 10993-18 | Extractables/leachables per solvent polarity |
End products include transparent catheter connectors, rigid valve bodies, and sensor flow cells.
At -40°C, impact resistance in thin-walled sensor brackets is governed by residual moisture and gate orientation. Supplier datasheet values for Grilamid TR 90 NZZ nat show notched Charpy impact near 10 kJ/m² at 23°C per ISO 179-1/1eA, but this drops with improper drying. For camera module housings exposed to 85°C and 85% RH for 1000 h, dimensional change remains lower than semi-aromatic PA66 alternatives because the amorphous MACM12 structure absorbs less water on a unit volume basis. A production-scale issue occurred when an 8-cavity tool for lens bezels ran with barrel residence time above 8 min; the melt exhibited brown streaks and reduced transmission below 85% per ISO 13468-1. Reducing screw speed to maintain residence below 5 min and purging after stoppages restored optical quality. The natural transparent grade allows through-transmission laser welding at 940 nm only when the lower absorbing partner is compounded with a laser absorber; without absorber, transmission is too high for energy deposition at the joint. In automotive salt spray testing per ASTM B117 for 500 h, housing surfaces show no stress-cracking when moulded-in stress is below 10 MPa in the sealing rib. End products include camera module housings, LiDAR window frames, and optical sensor brackets.
Because hot aqueous hydrocarbon mixtures attack semicrystalline polyamides through surface amide hydrolysis followed by crystallite boundary penetration, the amorphous MACM12 structure of Grilamid TR 90 NZZ nat removes the crystallite boundary route and slows mass loss in 80°C water per ISO 175. For pump bodies and valve housings that must remain transparent for flow indication, the material is processed at melt temperatures between 250°C and 280°C, with mould temperature at 80–100°C to improve surface replication and reduce microvoids. Thick-wall sections above 4 mm require packing pressure of 500–700 bar for 10–15 s to suppress sink marks; shorter packing creates vacuoles that become visible under 1.2 MPa hydrostatic test if the housing is used as a sight glass. Glass fibre cannot be used where transparency is required; instead, wall thickness is increased by 10–15% relative to PA66 to offset the lower tensile modulus of 1600 MPa per ISO 527-1/-2. In gear pumps for solvent transfer, the material resists aromatic hydrocarbons at 60°C better than unmodified polycarbonate, but swelling above 2% in ketone-containing streams is observed; published data for this specific configuration is limited, so continuous immersion testing per ASTM D543 is mandatory before release. End products include transparent flowmeter housings, filter bowls, pump volute covers, and valve position indicators.
When production campaigns alternate between glossy black and natural transparent spectacle frames on the same 4-cavity hot-runner mould, the purge protocol controls whether the natural grade returns to transmission above 90% per ISO 13468-1 within 20 shots or 200 shots. Residual black pigment in manifold dead spots produces grey tint when barrel head temperatures exceed 280°C; lowering the rear zones to 240°C and increasing screw recovery speed by 15% shorten purge time. Frame bridge sections with wall thickness below 1.5 mm require injection speed above 40 mm/s to fill before gate freeze; slower speeds create short shots and weld lines at the temple pivot. Mould temperatures of 60–80°C are used for high gloss, but temperatures above 80°C extend cycle time and promote sticking to polished steel with insufficient draft. Colourant masterbatches are dosed at 1–3 wt%; the carrier must be a compatible polyamide because incompatible carriers reduce Charpy impact. Final frames are checked for dimensional stability after 48 h at 70°C and 50% RH, with temple angular deviation limited to ±2° per drawing. End products include optical frames, sport visor rims, and safety spectacle side arms.
Volume resistivity of transparent polyamide connector housings is a strong function of surface moisture film and ionic extractables; after 48 h at 23°C and 50% RH, values above 10^13 Ω·cm per ASTM D257 are attainable only if the mould release agent is non-ionic and applied as a dilute solution below 0.5% active content. Comparative tracking index of unfilled Grilamid TR 90 NZZ nat is reported by the supplier as 600 V per IEC 60112; this value supports connector bodies in appliances where clear housing is needed for optical status indication. In low-current sensor connectors, tin-plated copper inserts are insert-moulded at tool temperatures of 80°C; higher tool temperatures accelerate insert oxidation before encapsulation. The processing window is narrow: melt temperature above 280°C lowers dielectric strength of a 1 mm plaque below 30 kV/mm per ASTM D149, while melt temperature below 250°C leaves unmelts at the gate. A production line with a 900 kN press and 24 s cycle time recorded batch-to-batch variation in surface haze after regrind was added at 20 wt%; colour shift exceeded the ΔE*ab 1.5 limit under ISO 11664-4 and required virgin polymer. End products include clear connector housings, terminal carriers, and optical sensor windows with integrated mounting features.
Following repeated opening cycles of 15–25 N·cm application torque, removal torque is measured after 24 h at 40°C. Closure threads moulded from Grilamid TR 90 NZZ nat resist stress cracking after immersion in isopropyl myristate, glycerin and ethanol-water blends at 23°C for 72 h per ISO 175; the same exposure causes polycarbonate closures to craze at the thread root. Injection moulding is performed with a melt temperature of 250–270°C and mould temperature of 60°C; thread cores are run at 40°C below the cavity steel to force shrinkage onto the core and reduce scrap. Release agents containing silicone are avoided; a 0.1% aqueous mould-release concentration is used only on the core side and must be baked off before colour coating. Multi-cavity tools with 16 cavities show warpage when the part is ejected below 80°C; forced air cooling to 55°C before ejection adds 3 s cycle time but maintains thread roundness to within ±0.05 mm. Pigment concentrates at 1–2 wt% with compatible polyamide carrier are used for tinted transparent versions; loadings above 3 wt% reduce notched Charpy impact per ISO 179-1/1eA. End products include caps, overmoulded vials, and replaceable cosmetic closures.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid TR 90 NZZ nat PAMACM12-I is an amorphous transparent polyamide supplied by EMS-Chemie. The resin designation PAMACM12, assigned under ISO 1043-1:2011, identifies a polycondensate based on MACM and dodecanedioic acid. The “nat” suffix denotes natural uncoloured granules; “NZZ” is a supplier internal code for a specific stabilised injection-moulding package; “I” denotes injection-moulding processability. The amorphous morphology prevents spherulitic crystallisation during cooling, which maintains transparency and reduces anisotropic shrinkage in moulded parts. Published EMS-Grivory literature lists a dry-as-moulded density of 1.00 g/cm³ under ISO 1183-1. Total luminous transmittance of a 2 mm natural plaque is typically in the range 88–92 % when measured according to ISO 13468-1.
The polymer can be specified according to ISO 16396-1 as PA-MACM12. The datasheet designation PAMACM12-I combines the ISO 1043-1 abbreviation with a supplier suffix for an injection-moulding grade. The product is intended for injection-moulded transparent components requiring low density, dimensional stability, and resistance to alcohol-based cleaning agents and cosmetic formulations. Typical parts include eyewear frames, sight windows, transparent housings, flow-meter covers, and fluid-reservoir sight gauges. For medical or food-contact use, product-specific conformity data must be obtained from EMS-Chemie because natural base resin compliance does not automatically cover the finished article.
Selection among transparent polymers for injection-moulded parts is commonly resolved by comparing dry mechanical properties, density, and stress-cracking behaviour. The PAMACM12 grade has a density approximately 17 % lower than unfilled polycarbonate at 1.20 g/cm³. Its dry tensile modulus is lower than that of general-purpose polycarbonate, which indicates that the material is less suited to stiff load-bearing optical covers unless ribbing or thicker sections are used. Against semicrystalline PA12, the amorphous PAMACM12 structure delivers lower shrinkage anisotropy and better transparency, though semicrystalline PA12 can offer higher solvent resistance in some hydrocarbon environments. Table 1 summarises typical dry-as-moulded values published in EMS-Grivory technical literature. These values are not specification limits and vary with moisture, pigmentation, regrind fraction, and moulding conditions.
| Property | Typical range or value | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.00 g/cm³ | ISO 1183-1 |
| Glass transition temperature | 155 °C | ISO 11357-2, 20 K/min |
| Tensile modulus, dry | 1500–1700 MPa | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Yield stress, dry | 50–60 MPa | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Nominal strain at break | >50 % | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Charpy notched impact strength, 23 °C | 8–10 kJ/m² | ISO 179-1/1eA |
| Water absorption, 23 °C, 24 h | 0.4–0.6 % | ISO 62 |
| HDT/A, 1.80 MPa | 110–125 °C | ISO 75-1/-2 |
The impact strength of PAMACM12-I is higher than that of unfilled PMMA, but the surface is softer than glass and more prone to scratching. When chemical cleaning agents are used, stress-crack resistance is commonly evaluated by fixed-strain immersion in isopropanol under 0.5 % outer fibre strain for 24 h, followed by tensile testing according to ISO 527-2. Published comparative data for natural Grilamid TR 90 show that alcohol-based media produce less visible crazing than in polycarbonate at comparable strain, although published data for specific colourants and hot-runner-generated weld lines are limited.
Because PAMACM12-I is amorphous, mould shrinkage is controlled primarily by packing rather than crystallisation. Published data from EMS-Grivory indicate mould shrinkage in the range 0.3–0.6 % when measured according to ISO 294-4 on a 60 mm × 60 mm × 2 mm plaque. Gate location influences the flow-to-transverse shrinkage ratio; with a centre gate, the difference is typically below 0.1 %. Weld lines in transparent parts should be moved away from optical surfaces because local orientation can produce haze despite the absence of spherulites.
Before injection moulding, the pellets should be dried in a desiccant-bed dryer with a supply air dew point of −30 °C or lower. A drying air temperature of 80 °C for 4–8 h reduces residual moisture to below 0.10 % by weight, measured by Karl Fischer titration according to ISO 15512. Open-air hoppers above 50 % RH should be avoided because surface moisture uptake can generate splay and nozzle drool within 2 h. On a conventional injection-moulding machine with a general-purpose screw of 18:1–20:1 L/D, a compression ratio of 2:1–2.5:1, and a clamp force determined by projected area, a flat barrel profile from 240 °C in the feed zone to 270 °C at the nozzle is commonly used. A melt temperature below 240 °C can limit flow in sections thinner than 0.8 mm, while a melt temperature above 280 °C accelerates thermal yellowing. Mould temperature should be maintained between 40 °C and 80 °C. Low mould temperatures increase frozen-in orientation and reduce stress-crack resistance in alcohol-based media.
Hot-runner assemblies should be configured to limit residence time above 260 °C to less than 10 min. Dead spots in the manifold should be eliminated because stagnant amorphous melt undergoes progressive thermal-oxidative degradation. Processors running 800–1200 kN machines for eyewear frames have reported improved dimensional repeatability when hold pressure is established before gate freeze, with shot-weight variation kept below 0.15 %. The natural grade can be coloured with polyamide-compatible masterbatch, but optical haze must be re-qualified after each colourant addition according to ISO 13468-1 because nucleating pigments can raise haze even in an amorphous matrix.
Optical quality in natural PAMACM12-I is influenced by melt temperature and mould temperature. Low melt temperatures leave flow-induced striae near the gate, while excessive melt temperatures generate yellow tinge. Hot-runner valve-gate systems reduce gate blush relative to cold sprue direct gates. For light-guiding components, total luminous transmittance and haze should be measured on actual moulded specimens according to ISO 13468-1 and ISO 14782, not on compressed film.
After moisture conditioning to equilibrium at 23 °C and 50 % RH, the tensile modulus decreases because water acts as a plasticiser. The conditioned modulus for this amorphous polyamide is typically in the range 1200–1400 MPa when tested according to ISO 527-1/-2. This reduction must be used in finite-element analysis of press-fit bosses and snap-fit closures. The yield stress is less affected, but creep under sustained load increases with moisture content. Design calculations for external snap arms should therefore use the conditioned modulus rather than dry-as-moulded values.
After ejection, the amorphous resin has negligible post-mould crystallisation, so dimensional changes are dominated by moisture uptake and thermal expansion. The coefficient of linear expansion is approximately 0.08–0.10 mm/m·°C in the temperature range 23–80 °C when measured according to ISO 11359-2. Tolerances for transparent snap-fit features should account for this movement across assembly and storage environments.
At the upper end of the processing window, two concurrent degradation routes are relevant: thermal-oxidative chain scission and hydrolysis from residual moisture. Hydrolysis of the amide linkage reduces molecular weight, lowers melt viscosity, and produces surface splay and reduced Charpy impact. Thermal-oxidative degradation contributes yellowing and carbonised specks, particularly in stagnant hot-runner zones. Differential scanning calorimetry according to ISO 11357-2 places the glass transition at approximately 155 °C. The melt-processing envelope therefore remains below decomposition, but residence time above 280 °C should not exceed 5 min. If an interruption stops production for more than 15 min, the hot-runner setpoint should be reduced to 200 °C or the melt system should be purged.
Moisture is controlled by the drying protocol. A rise in residual moisture from 0.10 % to 0.20 % measurably reduces the dry-as-moulded tensile modulus and notched impact strength; current lot-specific data from EMS-Chemie should be consulted because the sensitivity is dependent on regrind content and colourant chemistry. The use of regrind above 30 % by weight should be validated on the actual part geometry because repeated thermal history accelerates yellowing and shifts the melt volume-flow rate.
The natural uncoloured grade is supplied with a safety data sheet and a product data sheet. EMS-Chemie provides a REACH declaration under Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. RoHS status is generally evaluated against Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II and Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2015/863. Food-contact suitability requires a grade-specific formulation review; the base resin alone does not constitute compliance with EU Regulation 10/2011 or FDA 21 CFR for finished articles. Medical-device applications require biocompatibility evaluation of the finished device according to ISO 10993-1. Table 2 lists the main compliance evidence categories and the boundary of general declarations.
| Compliance area | Reference standard or regulation | Status for natural uncoloured grade |
|---|---|---|
| REACH declaration | (EC) No 1907/2006 | Supplier declaration available; SVHC content below threshold per Article 33 for the delivered lot must be verified. |
| RoHS restricted substances | 2011/65/EU, (EU) 2015/863 | Natural base resin is not formulated with Pb, Hg, Cd, CrVI, PBB, PBDE, DEHP, BBP, DBP or DIBP above 0.1 % w/w; verify with lot certificate. |
| Food-contact | EU 10/2011, FDA 21 CFR | No general finished-article compliance; grade-specific migration data and use conditions must be evaluated. |
| Medical biocompatibility | ISO 10993-5, ISO 10993-10 | Supplier may maintain data for natural base resin; final device testing is required under ISO 10993-1. |
For a fuel-system sight gauge or a cosmetic reservoir, the finished part must be qualified with the actual regrind fraction, colourant package, and gate geometry. Published data for Grilamid TR 90 NZZ nat in continuous hot-water contact above 80 °C are limited, and the material is not recommended for load-bearing components in that environment because moisture plasticisation depresses the glass transition. Solvent resistance should not be extrapolated from polycarbonate data; each chemical mixture must be tested under the maximum in-service strain.
When a transparent part is assembled with adhesives or coatings, compatibility with the amorphous polyamide surface should be assessed. Some cyanoacrylate adhesives may cause stress cracking on unstabilised transparent polyamides, although the specific NZZ stabiliser package is designed for injection-moulded parts. The supplier’s chemical resistance database lists test conditions for aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohol/water mixtures, and ester-based cosmetics.
The product should not be considered a direct drop-in replacement for polycarbonate in applications requiring ISO 175 chemical immersion data, because published data for this specific PAMACM12-I configuration in multi-component cleaning solutions are limited. Validation on production tooling is required to establish the operating limits of the actual part.
