| HS Code | 581696 |
| Density | 1.02 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Modulus | 2000 MPa |
| Tensile Strength | 75 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | >50% |
| Charpy Impact Strength 23 C | No break |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 155 °C |
| Melting Point | 180 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 146 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 80 Mpa | 115 °C |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.2% |
| Refractive Index | 1.507 |
| Light Transmission 3 Mm | 90% |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid TR 90 LS PAMACM12 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | EMS-Grivory Grilamid TR 90 LS PAMACM12 is supplied as transparent polyamide granules in sealed, moisture-proof 25 kg bags. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: Palletized Grilamid TR 90 LS PAMACM12 drums/cartons, securely braced and loaded for safe, efficient container transport. |
| Shipping | EMS-Grivory Grilamid TR 90 LS is a transparent polyamide supplied as dry, moisture-resistant pellets. Ship in sealed, labeled containers to prevent water absorption. Non-hazardous, but store away from excessive heat and humidity. Standard ground or air freight is acceptable; ensure palletized, protective packaging to avoid contamination and damage. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid TR 90 LS in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from direct sunlight, moisture, and temperatures above 30°C to prevent degradation. Keep away from strong oxidizers. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically 2–3 years. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2–3 years when stored sealed, dry, and cool, protected from moisture and UV light. |
In prescription eyewear frame production, EMS-Grivory Grilamid TR 90 LS PAMACM12 is processed as a transparent amorphous polyamide with a light-stabilized additive package. Natural-grade light transmission at 2 mm thickness is approximately 92% when measured per ISO 13468-2:2006, density is 1.00 g/cm³ per ISO 1183-1:2019, and notched Charpy impact strength of dry-as-moulded specimens is approximately 10 kJ/m² per ISO 179/1eA:2010. Frame components are injection moulded from virgin pellets combined with polyamide-compatible colour masterbatch at 1.0–3.0 wt%; external release agent addition is kept at 0.1–0.3 wt% because higher levels produce visible surface haze in polished moulds. Drying is mandatory at 80 °C for 4–6 h in dehumidified air to residual moisture <0.06%; material left at relative humidity above 60% for more than 30 min after drying must be re-dried. Production-scale processing uses all-electric injection moulding machines with clamp force between 800–1,500 kN, screw L/D ratio 20:1–22:1, rear-to-nozzle temperature profile 220–260 °C, nozzle setpoint 250–270 °C, mould temperature 60–80 °C, holding pressure 60–80 MPa, back pressure 5–10 MPa, screw speed 50–100 min⁻¹, and screw forward velocity 20–60 mm/s to prevent jetting in thick sections. Terminal parts include prescription frame fronts, sunglass frontals, and transparent side shields; if the finished article is marketed as safety eyewear, impact and optical performance must meet EN 166:2001 and frame mechanical stability must be verified under EN ISO 12870:2016 clause 6.3. Compliance also requires REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XVII restrictions for nickel release if metallic components are co-moulded, and Directive 2011/65/EU RoHS for electrical sensors embedded in smart eyewear. Immersion in ethanol-based cleaning agents at temperatures above 40 °C can promote environmental stress cracking; compatibility testing per ISO 175:2010 is therefore required before approval of cleaning protocols.
Selection of EMS-Grivory Grilamid TR 90 LS PAMACM12 for non-implantable medical device housings begins with ISO 10993-1:2018 biological evaluation planning. If the final component contacts intact skin for more than 30 d, the evaluation must address cytotoxicity, sensitization, and irritation endpoints under ISO 10993-5:2009, ISO 10993-10:2010, and ISO 10993-23:2021. USP <88> Class VI testing may be requested by North American device manufacturers for indirect patient contact, but it does not replace ISO 10993-1:2018. Formulation is restricted to 100% virgin PAMACM12; regrind is not used on patient-contacting surfaces because batch-to-batch variability in low-molecular-weight fractions can shift biological test results. Colour masterbatch addition is limited to 0.0–1.0 wt%, and only masterbatches with documented ISO 10993-5:2009 and ISO 10993-10:2010 test data are permitted. Injection moulding is performed in an ISO 13485:2016-qualified cleanroom, typically ISO 14644-1 class 7 or higher, using all-electric machines with clamp force 800–2,000 kN. Drying follows the same <0.06% residual moisture requirement, with dryer outlet dew point below -30 °C. Melt temperature is controlled between 250–280 °C, mould temperature between 60–90 °C, holding pressure between 40–70 MPa, screw speed 40–80 min⁻¹, and decompression 2–5 mm to prevent nozzle drool. The amorphous glass transition temperature of approximately 155 °C per ISO 11357-2:2020 limits autoclave sterilization; steam sterilization at 121 °C can be considered only if dimensional validation includes loaded-part creep measurement, while hydrogen peroxide plasma, ethylene oxide, or radiation-sterilized sealed packaging are generally more compatible with transparent PAMACM12 housings. Terminal products include infusion pump viewing windows, surgical instrument handle bodies, diagnostic device enclosures, and drug delivery device components.
| Endpoint | Standard | Test condition |
|---|---|---|
| Cytotoxicity | ISO 10993-5:2009 | L929 cell extract dilution |
| Sensitization | ISO 10993-10:2010 | Guinea pig maximization or LLNA |
| Irritation | ISO 10993-23:2021 | Intracutaneous or reconstructed skin model |
| USP Class VI | USP <88> | Systemic injection, intracutaneous, implantation |
Transparent PAMACM12 replaces mineral glass in industrial sight glasses and flow-meter bodies where impact cracking and chemical exposure combine with the need for optical clarity. Chemical resistance is evaluated by immersion testing according to ASTM D543-21 or ISO 175:2010; pressure-containing parts may additionally require assessment under PED 2014/68/EU when installed volume and pressure exceed Article 4(3) limits. The compound is unfilled, and a polyamide-compatible processing aid is added at 0.2–0.5 wt% only when flow-path length exceeds 150 mm; above 0.5 wt%, the additive contributes to haze and can reduce light transmission below 88% per ISO 13468-2:2006. Injection moulding parameters are melt temperature 250–280 °C, mould temperature 70–100 °C, hold pressure 50–80 MPa, and valve-gated hot runners to minimize gate blush; direct sprue gates are avoided because they create visible internal stress in transparent parts. For rod stock used in CNC-machined sight glass discs, single-screw extrusion at melt temperature 240–260 °C is followed by annealing at 80 °C for 2 h to reduce residual stress before machining. Terminal products include sight glass discs fitted to DIN 11851 flange faces, rotameter tubes, filter bowl covers, and transparent flow-meter bodies for low-pressure lines. Operational boundaries are defined by chemical compatibility: continuous contact with concentrated sulphuric acid, formaldehyde, or strong polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and cresol is not recommended, while aliphatic hydrocarbons, mineral oils, and dilute acids are generally tolerated at room temperature only after specific test validation.
In cosmetic and fragrance packaging, thick-wall transparent components made from EMS-Grivory Grilamid TR 90 LS PAMACM12 are specified when impact resistance, low density, and high-gloss surface quality are required. The final article is governed by Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 for cosmetic product packaging safety, REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XVII restrictions for substances such as phthalates in packaging, and Directive 94/62/EC heavy metal concentration limits of 100 mg/kg for lead, cadmium, mercury, and hexavalent chromium. Formulation for tinted transparent parts uses organic colour masterbatch at 1.0–3.0 wt%; metallic pigments are avoided because plate-like particles disrupt the amorphous matrix and reduce notched impact strength. The LS light-stabilizer package allows limited UV exposure, but external packaging components exposed to continuous sunlight are typically coated or overmoulded. Processing on hydraulically clamped machines of 1,500–3,000 kN uses melt temperature 250–280 °C, mould temperature 70–90 °C, and holding pressure 50–80 MPa with sequential valve gating to shift weld lines away from visible surfaces. Thick-wall sections above 4 mm require cooling times exceeding 30 s to prevent sink marks and warpage, and wall-thickness variation is held below 25% across adjacent zones. Moulds are polished to SPI A-1 finish. Terminal products include fragrance cap outer shells, cosmetic jar outer bodies, lipstick case bodies, and transparent overpacks for cosmetic kits.
Replacing mineral glass in potable water contact components shifts the compliance burden to specific migration testing and long-term hydrostatic stability. Under Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 Article 3, no constituents may transfer to water in amounts that endanger human health; Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 sets an overall migration limit of 10 mg/dm² for plastic food contact materials, while FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 may apply to nylon-type resins only after the final formulation is cleared or tested. In North American municipal water components, NSF/ANSI 61 certification is used for material safety and requires extraction testing across pH 5.0 and pH 8.5 waters. Formulation is 100% virgin PAMACM12; regrind is forbidden in potable water parts, and colourant addition is 0.0–1.0 wt% from positive-list masterbatches. Injection moulding of water reservoirs and sight tubes proceeds with melt temperature 250–280 °C, mould temperature 60–90 °C, and holding pressure 50–80 MPa; hot-plate welding of half-shells uses a welding temperature of 230–260 °C, welding rib height 0.8–1.2 mm, melt film thickness 0.2–0.4 mm, and welding time 10–20 s depending on wall thickness. Weld integrity is verified by burst testing. Annealing at 60 °C for 2 h reduces residual stress that accelerates environmental stress cracking in chlorinated water. Terminal products include coffee machine water reservoirs, water filter housings, beverage dispenser sight tubes, and pump housings for point-of-use water dispensers. Continuous exposure above 65 °C requires hydrostatic design basis evaluation per ASTM D1598 or ISO 161-1:2018, and the design must account for the loss of tensile modulus as temperature approaches the glass transition region.
Automotive optical sensor brackets and adjacent transparent covers use PAMACM12 because lower moisture absorption than PA6 reduces dimensional drift after humidity cycling. Thermal and mechanical data are generated under ISO 75-1/-2:2013 for heat deflection temperature, ISO 11357-2:2020 for glass transition temperature, and ISO 527-1/-2:2019 for tensile modulus, which is approximately 1,600 MPa in dry-as-moulded specimens; the supplier quality system is expected to conform to IATF 16949:2016. Formulation for transparent covers uses external release agent at 0.1–0.3 wt%; carbon black masterbatch is not used because it eliminates transparency, while near-infrared-transmitting organic pigment systems at 0.5–1.0 wt% are used only when an optical sensor cover must appear dark but transmit specific wavelengths, and published data for this specific configuration is limited, so optical transmission must be validated at the intended wavelength. Injection moulding uses melt temperature 250–280 °C, mould temperature 80–100 °C to reduce orientation birefringence, holding pressure 40–70 MPa, and clamp force 1,000–2,500 kN depending on projected area. Annealing at 90 °C for 4 h under nitrogen or dry air is required for brackets exposed to underhood temperature excursions above 100 °C. Terminal products include ADAS camera module housings, interior ambient light guides, sensor alignment brackets, and transparent cover lenses for LiDAR or heads-up display units. Exterior transparent lenses without a hardcoat or second-surface coating are not recommended for surfaces receiving direct road stone impact unless validated under ISO 20566:2020 or equivalent carwash and stone-chip simulation; the LS grade provides UV stabilization but does not eliminate surface abrasion damage.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid TR 90 LS PAMACM12 is a light-stabilized, amorphous polyamide derived from bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane and dodecanedioic acid. The product designation PAMACM12 follows ISO 16396-1; the amorphous chain architecture suppresses spherulitic crystallinity that would otherwise scatter light, allowing wall sections up to approximately 4 mm to retain useful transparency when processing is thermally controlled. The grade is supplied in moisture-proof packaging. Density determined by ISO 1183-1 is 1.00 g/cm³, which is lower than polycarbonate at 1.20 g/cm³ and PMMA at 1.18 g/cm³. Representative dry-as-moulded tensile modulus determined by ISO 527-1/-2 is 1600 MPa, with elongation at break above 50%; notched Charpy impact at 23°C per ISO 179/1eA is approximately 10 kJ/m². Because the LS designation refers to a light-stabilizer package added to the base TR 90 polymer, exact yellowness index, melt viscosity and impact values should be confirmed against the current EMS-Grivory release specification; the stabilizer package can measurably depress melt volume-flow rate and alter UV ageing response under ISO 4892-2. Typical applications include eyewear frames, sports goggle bodies, transparent housings for automotive sensor packages, cosmetic packaging, and protective covers where combined chemical resistance, low density and dimensional stability in humid environments are required. Published data for this specific LS configuration is limited; statements below drawn from the unmodified TR 90 polymer should not be used as a release specification.
Pre-drying in a closed-loop desiccant dryer with dew point at or below −30°C is mandatory. A drying cycle of 4 h at 80°C is used for material exposed to relative humidity above 60%; if the resin has been stored in damaged foil bags, drying should be extended to 8 h and residual moisture checked by an absolute moisture analyser. Target residual moisture before plastication is ≤0.10%. At moisture levels above 0.10%, hydrolysis reduces melt viscosity, produces splay on the part surface, and shifts the yellowness index of clear mouldings. Barrel melt temperature should be maintained between 240°C and 270°C; tool temperature between 40°C and 80°C. For optical parts with wall thickness between 0.8 mm and 2.5 mm, tool temperatures below 50°C produce visible flow lines and elevated birefringence, particularly near gate lands. Hot-runner systems for this grade perform best with externally heated manifolds and individually controlled drop tips because internally heated systems can create melt-temperature differences exceeding 10°C across the melt stream. Screw plasticising should use a low-compression, three-section screw with L/D ratio between 20:1 and 25:1 and a shut-off nozzle. At a 270°C barrel set point, total melt residence time should not exceed 5 min; at 250°C, residence time up to 10 min is generally tolerated. Barrel zones above 280°C lead to chain scission, yellowing, and loss of molecular weight, which are detectable as reduced dynamic viscosity in the purge. Clamp force on production lines should be calculated from projected area and cavity pressure; for multi-cavity optical tools, a specific clamp force near 0.6 t/cm² is used in production practice, though published data for this exact configuration is limited.
Direct comparison with aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamides and amorphous thermoplastics clarifies the product position. PA6 and PA66 absorb approximately 9.5% water at saturation per ISO 62, leading to tensile modulus loss and dimensional growth; Grilamid TR 90 LS PAMACM12 exhibits equilibrium moisture uptake near 1.5% at 23°C and 50% RH and saturated uptake around 4.0%, depending on wall thickness and ageing time. Polycarbonate provides higher tensile modulus but higher density and lower notch-impact ductility after exposure to certain cosmetic esters; PMMA provides high optical clarity but lower chemical resistance and lower elongation at break. The lower density of PAMACM12 is used in eyewear frames to reduce part mass without changing wall thickness.
| Material | Density (g/cm³) | Tensile modulus (MPa) | Test method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grilamid TR 90 LS PAMACM12 | 1.00 | 1600 dry | ISO 1183-1, ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Polycarbonate | 1.20 | 2350 | ISO 1183-1, ISO 527-2 |
| PMMA | 1.18 | 3300 | ISO 1183-1, ISO 527-2 |
| PA6 dry | 1.14 | 2900 | ISO 1183-1, ISO 527-2 |
Regulatory status is application-specific. The base polyamide is generally manufactured in accordance with ISO 9001 and ISO 14001; RoHS compliance under Directive 2011/65/EU is documented by supplier declaration if the selected LS package does not contain restricted stabilizers. For food-contact use, compliance must be evaluated under EC 10/2011 or FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 with specific migration testing; the LS package may require additional migration studies. For medical device housings, ISO 10993-5 and ISO 10993-10 testing on the finished sterilised article is mandatory; the resin alone does not confer biocompatibility. Sterilization by ethylene oxide at 55°C and 70% RH may be possible for short cycles, but repeated gamma irradiation at 25 kGy can shift yellowness index under ISO 11137-validated protocols; published data for this specific configuration is limited.
The cycloaliphatic diamine and long-chain dodecanedioic acid repeat units reduce crystallinity and shift the glass transition temperature above the service range of semi-crystalline nylon 12. The amorphous character is responsible for low mould shrinkage, typically 0.5–0.7% in flow and 0.5–0.7% transverse, measured on a 60 mm × 60 mm × 2 mm plaque according to ISO 294-4. This isotropy reduces warpage in thick-walled lenses and housings. Light transmission through a 2 mm plaque measured by ISO 13468-1 is approximately 91%, and haze by ASTM D1003-21 is below 1.0% for properly dried material. The refractive index near 1.509, determined by ISO 489, places the product between PMMA and polycarbonate, which affects anti-reflection coating compatibility. Because the LS package contains UV absorber, UV cutoff may be higher than unmodified TR 90; weathering campaigns under ISO 4892-2 cycle 1 with QUV 340 nm lamps are required to quantify retained transmission after 500 h and 1000 h. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; release specifications do not include weathering performance.
Eyewear frame production with Grilamid TR 90 LS PAMACM12 uses cold runner systems with tunnel gates or valve-gated hot tips. The melt is injected at 240–260°C into tools at 60–80°C; holding pressure between 60 MPa and 80 MPa is applied until gate freeze. Moulders observe that manual removal of sprue from amorphous PAMACM12 does not produce the crystallization-induced stress whitening seen in semi-crystalline PA6/PA66 gates. After demoulding, parts are conditioned at 23°C and 50% RH for 24 h before dimensional verification; a moisture-induced linear expansion of approximately 0.07% per 0.1% moisture uptake is typical. For sports goggles, the lens/body assembly must pass bending fatigue and impact regimes specific to the manufacturer; the resin does not provide a standalone ASTM/ISO approval for finished eyewear. Chemical resistance to skin oils, sunscreens and plasticizer-containing cleaning wipes is generally better than PMMA, but continuous contact with ethanol-based lotions above 70% concentration may induce stress cracking in highly constrained areas; compatibility testing should follow ISO 22088-3 or equivalent solvent exposure protocols.
When transparent sensor housings are converted from polycarbonate to EMS-Grivory Grilamid TR 90 LS PAMACM12, the mass reduction from density 1.20 g/cm³ to 1.00 g/cm³ is approximately 17% at equal wall thickness. The lower tensile modulus of 1600 MPa compared with 2350 MPa for polycarbonate requires snap-fit deflection calculations under ISO 178 to be revalidated; higher wall thickness may be required to maintain equivalent assembly force. The amorphous PAMACM12 resistance to certain automotive coolants and commercial cleaning agents is adequate for many exterior sensor applications, but continuous service above 90°C under load is not recommended without creep testing under ISO 899-2. Polycarbonate retains higher heat resistance and surface hardness, whereas PAMACM12 offers lower density, better resistance to stress cracking in warm aliphatic hydrocarbon environments, and easier colour matching in small batches. Converters report that degassing ports on plasticising units must be maintained when running PAMACM12 after polycarbonate; residual PC purge can create visual contamination and delamination because the two polymers are immiscible and differ in processing temperature. The LS grade has been processed on 80 t to 220 t hydraulic and electric injection moulding machines with shut-off nozzles and vented injection sleeves; screw recovery should be set to avoid melt temperature overshoot above 275°C at the check ring.
Outdoor transparent covers for gas meters and industrial sensor displays are injection moulded with wall thickness between 2.0 mm and 3.5 mm. Long flow paths above 150 mm require melt temperatures at the upper end of the 240–270°C window and sequential valve gating to avoid weld lines. The resin dries to ≤0.10% moisture and is conveyed with dry-air hopper loaders to prevent reabsorption. Because amorphous PAMACM12 does not crystallize, thick sections show less sink mark depth variation than polycarbonate in ribbed designs. However, the LS package can increase sensitivity to thermal degradation if the screw barrel retains residues from PA6/PA66 compounds; the recommendation is to purge with low-viscosity acrylic or polycarbonate-based purging compounds and flush until the purge is free of black specks. Dimensional inspection after 24 h at ISO 291 standard atmosphere 23/50 is standard for release; no annealing step is required for stabilized low-temperature service down to −20°C in dry impact applications, but impact verification under ISO 179/1eU at the intended low-temperature limit is required for parts with sharp notches.
On compounding lines, PAMACM12 pellets are re-extruded with the LS stabilizer package using co-rotating twin-screw extruders with L/D 40:1 to 48:1 and vacuum devolatilisation at −0.08 MPa. The stabilizer is added via a gravimetric side feeder at the melt-conveying zone to limit thermal history; if added too early in the feed throat, the package can reduce chain extension and shift notched Charpy impact below 8 kJ/m². Batch-to-batch viscosity variation is controlled by relative solution viscosity measured according to ISO 307; incoming inspection of pellets for moisture and fines is recommended. Chemical incompatibilities include strong mineral acids above 10% concentration, phenol-based disinfectants, concentrated oxidizing acids, and aqueous zinc chloride or calcium chloride solutions, which can induce stress cracking under strain. The product is not recommended for continuous exposure to steam above 100°C because hydrolysis reduces molecular weight; even intermittent autoclave cycles at 121°C can cause visible haze in thick sections. For repeated steam sterilization, alternative high-temperature polyamides or polyphthalamides should be considered.
