| HS Code | 810268 |
| Density | 1.65 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption Saturation | 1.5% |
| Melting Temperature | 178 °C |
| Tensile Modulus Dry | 19000 MPa |
| Tensile Stress At Break Dry | 220 MPa |
| Elongation At Break Dry | 2% |
| Flexural Modulus Dry | 18000 MPa |
| Flexural Strength Dry | 300 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched 23 C | 18 kJ/m² |
| Izod Impact Strength Notched 23 C | 15 kJ/m² |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 8 Mpa | 175 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 195 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B50 | 175 °C |
| Flammability | HB |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LV-65H SST nat PA12-GF65 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in sealed, moisture-proof 25 kg bags, protecting PA12-GF65 granules from humidity and contamination during storage and transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loaded with Grilamid® LV-65H SST nat PA12-GF65 pellets, packed in 25kg bags on pallets, shrink-wrapped, and securely containerized. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® LV-65H SST nat is shipped as moisture-protected, heat-sealed bags or drums to preserve its low viscosity and glass-fiber integrity. Store in a dry, cool area away from direct sunlight. Not classified as hazardous goods; standard non-regulated freight applies. Avoid prolonged exposure to humidity before processing. |
| Storage | Store in the unopened original packaging in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture. Keep sealed when not in use to prevent water absorption, which can affect processing. Recommended storage temperature is below 30°C. Maintain these conditions to preserve material properties and ensure consistent performance. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years when stored unopened, dry, and protected from UV light in original packaging. |
In automotive engine-compartment structural components, the selection of EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-65H SST nat PA12-GF65 is governed less by generic heat resistance claims than by the need to hold snap-fit assembly geometries after exposure to hot air, crankcase blow-by, and calcium chloride road de-icing residues. The 65 wt% glass fiber fraction shifts material behavior toward elastic, creep-resistant mechanics, while the PA12 matrix limits equilibrium moisture uptake to approximately 1.5 wt% at saturation, thereby restricting dimensional movement below that of PA66 at equivalent reinforcement levels. Applicable compliance baseline: underhood thermal management components are validated to ISO 16750-4:2023 thermal shock and vibration profiles, with long-term thermal endurance assessed under UL 746B relative thermal index methodology using ISO 527-2 tensile modulus retention as the primary acceptance criterion. Formulation addition ratio: the compound is processed as supplied because the glass fiber mass fraction is already fixed at 65 wt%; in-plant sprue and runner regrind is limited to 15 wt% for vibration-loaded brackets and is excluded from ultrasonic-welded bosses to avoid glass fiber length attrition. Downstream production process: injection molding is performed on a 350 t hydraulic clamp unit with a 52 mm screw, 20:1 L/D ratio, bimetallic barrel, and low-compression check ring. Pellets are dried in a desiccant dryer at 80 °C to residual moisture below 0.10 wt% with a dew point of -40 °C, typically for 4–8 h. Melt temperature is controlled at 270–280 °C, mold temperature at 95 °C, fill time at 1.5–2.5 s, and hold pressure at 70 MPa for 6–8 s. Rib roots below 1.0 mm create short-shot risk due to 65 wt% glass packing; rib design is therefore maintained at 1.2–1.5 mm root thickness. Terminal finished product types: charge-air cooler end caps, EGR cooler flanges, sensor carrier brackets, turbine actuator bodies, and underhood fluid reservoir brackets.
In pneumatic components, the material’s high glass fiber packing creates a distinct sealing-face warpage risk when mold temperature drops below 90 °C, making cavity-to-cavity thermal uniformity the primary production-scale failure mode. Industry compliance standard: tie-rod cylinder end caps are dimensioned within ISO 15552:2005 mounting and port geometry, while compressed-air contact surfaces are evaluated for oil carryover in accordance with ISO 8573-1:2010 classes 2.4.2 to 3.4.4; long-term creep under tensile load is screened using ISO 899-2:2003 creep data extrapolated to 10,000 h. Formulation addition ratio: pressure-bearing walls are molded from 100 wt% virgin compound, while non-pressure end covers allow 20 wt% in-plant regrind; glass fiber content is not altered by dry blending neat PA12 because dilution would reduce modulus and create localized knit-line failure zones. Downstream production process: hot-runner valve-gated injection molding on a 240 t clamp unit with 24 cavities uses melt temperature 250–290 °C, mold temperature 90–100 °C, injection speed 60–80 mm/s through the mid-cavity segment, and 25 mm/s near the gate to prevent jetting. Back pressure is set to 2–3 MPa, residual residence time is kept at or below 8 min, and hold pressure of 65–75 MPa is maintained until the gate seals. Abrasive wear on the screw tip and check ring from 65 wt% glass necessitates bimetallic barrels and hardened screw flights; screw replacement intervals typically shorten relative to unfilled PA12 processing. Terminal finished product types: ISO 15552 cylinder end caps, manifold blocks, valve island housings, and pressure regulator bodies.
The limiting failure mode is not tensile rupture but creep under constant pressure at 80 °C, specifically at the volute tongue and sealing-face transitions where hydrostatic stress concentrates. Industry compliance standard: centrifugal coolant pump housings are evaluated for allowable casing pressure using ISO 5199:2002 as the design envelope, while dimensional stability in hot water-glycol is verified by ISO 62:2008 water absorption and ISO 527-2 tensile modulus retention; published data for this specific configuration under water-glycol creep is limited, so finished-part pressure testing is mandatory. Formulation addition ratio: virgin compound only is specified for impeller shrouds and volute tongue areas; regrind is rejected for pressure-containing sections because repeated shear reduces glass fiber length distribution from a nominal pellet value of 300–500 µm to 150–250 µm after two heat histories, shifting creep behavior. Glass content remains at 65 wt%; no external mold release is permitted on sealing faces. Downstream production process: injection molding with section thicknesses of 4–8 mm generates sink and void risks, so the process uses melt temperature 265–285 °C, mold temperature 95 °C, and hold pressure 80 MPa for 10–15 s per 4 mm wall section. Packing is split into two stages: 80 MPa for 2 s, then 50 MPa for 8 s, to suppress microvoid coalescence near the tongue. Degassing stroke is set to 0.2–0.5 mm to vent volatiles without venting glass fibers. Terminal finished product types: coolant recirculating pump housings, marine engine water pump volutes, face seal carriers, and suction covers.
Because repeated steam exposure hydrolyzes the PA12 matrix at the glass fiber interface, surface fiber bloom and microcrack initiation become the primary acceptance risks after multiple sterilization cycles. Industry compliance standard: the natural grade is not automatically biocompatible; medical device manufacturers conduct lot-specific testing to ISO 10993-1:2018, ISO 10993-5:2009 for cytotoxicity, and ISO 17665-1:2006 for moist heat sterilization compatibility, with mechanical stability after 121 °C for 30 min autoclave cycles assessed by ISO 527-2 tensile modulus retention. Formulation addition ratio: virgin material only is used for housing parts that contact sterilized surfaces; regrind is not permitted because fiber length attrition after regrind changes surface glass orientation and increases free fiber release after steam. The heat stabilization package is used as supplied, and no external color masterbatch or impact modifier is dry-blended because additive inhomogeneity worsens glass fiber wetting at the surface. Downstream production process: cleanroom injection molding is performed with melt temperature 260–275 °C, mold temperature 100 °C, screw L/D 20:1, back pressure 3 MPa, gate thickness 1.0–1.2 mm for ribs, and hold pressure 70 MPa for 5 s. Post-process annealing at 110 °C for 2 h under nitrogen is specified to normalize crystallinity and reduce residual stress before sterilization validation. Terminal finished product types: diagnostic imaging device structural brackets, surgical navigation arm housings, infusion pump bases, and non-patient-contact mechanical frames.
Electrical relay bases and industrial control gear housings molded from PA12-GF65 exploit the low equilibrium moisture uptake of the PA12 backbone to maintain strike and creepage distances within IEC 60664-1 limits across tropical service conditions. The 65 wt% glass fiber content reduces thermal expansion mismatch with copper alloy inserts, and the natural, halogen-free character of the grade avoids the conductivity drift associated with carbon-black-filled compounds in high-voltage creepage paths. Applicable compliance baseline: IEC 60664-1:2020 governs insulation coordination, IEC 60695-2-11:2014 glow-wire flammability testing is applied at the finished-part wall thickness, and UL 94 listing must be re-confirmed for the actual natural grade and wall thickness because published data for this specific configuration is limited. Formulation addition ratio: in-plant sprues and runners are reused at 30 wt% for non-tracking relay bases, while glass fiber content is held at 65 wt%; flame retardant masterbatch is not dry-blended without complete compounder re-extrusion because localized additive pockets increase tracking index. Downstream production process: high-speed injection molding in 8–16 cavity tools uses melt temperature 270–285 °C, mold temperature 80–100 °C depending on warpage tolerance, injection speed 80–120 mm/s for thin walls down to 0.6 mm, and gate diameter ≥1.0 mm to limit shear heating. Residual residence time is held at or below 6 min, and hold pressure 60 MPa for 2 s reduces fiber orientation plateau at weld lines. Terminal finished product types: relay bases, contactor housings, motor starter enclosures, and DIN-rail mounted control modules.
For marine hydraulic manifold bodies, the selection of PA12-GF65 is driven by the combination of low equilibrium water absorption, dimensional stability in humid bilge environments, and sufficient stiffness to maintain flatness across sealing faces. Industry compliance standard: manifold bodies are evaluated within ISO 6162-1:2012 hydraulic flange connection pressure envelopes, with material-level moisture uptake measured by ISO 62:2008 and tensile creep by ISO 899-2:2003; burst and impulse testing must be performed on finished parts because glass fiber orientation around internal galleries is strongly tool-dependent. Formulation addition ratio: virgin compound only is specified for pressure galleries and flange sealing zones; regrind is limited to 15 wt% for non-pressure bracketry, and the glass fiber content remains fixed at 65 wt% with no post-mold additive modification. Downstream production process: injection molding with sequential valve gates avoids weld lines crossing pressure galleries; melt temperature is controlled at 260–285 °C, mold temperature at 95–100 °C, and packing pressure at 70–85 MPa for 8–12 s. Internal gallery cores require hydraulic slides or collapsible cores, and sealing faces are post-machined with diamond tooling because 65 wt% glass fibers rapidly dull carbide cutters. Terminal finished product types: low-pressure marine steering manifold bodies, valve plates, filter heads, and quick-coupling adapter blocks.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LV-65H SST nat is an injection-moulding and extrusion compound designated under ISO 1043 as PA12-GF65, in which a polyamide 12 matrix carries a nominal glass-fibre reinforcement of 65% by mass. The nat suffix indicates natural unpigmented pellets, and the grade carries the supplier’s stabilisation/toughening package indicated by the SST suffix. The material is specified where high stiffness and low water absorption must be combined in a single thermoplastic. Density values determined under ISO 1183-1:2019 fall between 1.64 g/cm³ and 1.66 g/cm³, and saturated water uptake under ISO 62:2008 remains below 1.0% by mass. Dry tensile modulus at 23°C is reported in the range 21,000 MPa to 23,000 MPa when tested according to ISO 527-1/-2. These values place the grade above PA12-GF30 and PA12-GF50 in stiffness, but below those grades in flow length and ease of moulding.
Supplier datasheet values are split into dry-as-moulded and conditioned states because the PA12 matrix still interacts with atmospheric moisture. At equilibrium with 50% relative humidity and 23°C, tensile modulus typically shifts downward by 2,000 MPa to 2,500 MPa from the dry value, while tensile strength at break declines by approximately 10%. This rate of property loss is smaller than that of PA66 at equivalent filler loadings. The difference arises from the lower amide group concentration of the PA12 backbone and has direct implications for mechanical parts that must pass acceptance tests after exposure to humidity swings.
Pre-drying with a desiccant dryer is mandatory unless residual granulate moisture is verified below 0.10% by mass. EMS processing literature recommends drying at 80°C to 100°C for 4 h to 8 h, with a supply-air dew point below -30°C. Higher residual moisture promotes hydrolytic chain scission at the PA12 matrix and creates silver-streaking and splay defects at the flow front. Melt temperature should be controlled between 250°C and 280°C using a needle pyrometer; below 250°C, glass-fibre breakage and check-ring wear increase, while above 280°C the surface appearance degrades and odour generation rises. Mould temperature is specified between 90°C and 120°C to obtain crystallinity sufficient for dimensional stability and to reduce post-mould shrinkage. At the lower end of that window, moulded parts may display lower gloss and higher residual stress; at the upper end, cycle time increases and ejection may require additional draft angles. Screw rotation and back pressure should be adjusted to maintain a consistent melt cushion of 3 mm to 5 mm, and accumulated residence time above 280°C should not exceed 10 min. Production-scale experience with 65% glass-fibre compounds shows that bimetallic barrels, nitride-hardened screw flights, and hardened tool-steel moulds with Rockwell hardness above HRC 52 are necessary to control abrasive wear.
At 65% by mass fibre loading, the melt is strongly pseudoplastic. Viscosity curves measured under ISO 11443 show pronounced shear-thinning, so filling pressure drops more than in proportion to injection speed at high rates. However, excessive shear heating in small gates raises local temperature above the recommended 280°C limit and produces surface degradation. Gates should be located away from critical weld lines, and sequential valve gating is used on multi-cavity tools to avoid gas traps and burn marks at the end of flow. Short shots, glass-fibre agglomerates at the gate, gas burn marks, and post-mould warpage are the main processing defects associated with this compound. Glass-fibre agglomerates arise from insufficient drying or poor dispersion when reground material is added above factory limits. The use of regrind should be restricted to 20% by mass with virgin granulate unless part qualification demonstrates otherwise. Separation of glass fibres during recycling may shift the effective reinforcement level and alter shrinkage.
In hot-runner systems, the low thermal conductivity of the filled melt and the high glass content produce rapid gate freeze at the end of the runner. If nozzle tip temperature is too low, glass fibres accumulate at the tip and create drool or stringing. If tip temperature is too high, the PA12 matrix oxidizes and forms black specks. Field reports from multi-cavity moulds indicate that thermocouple placement within 5 mm of the gate land and independent hot-runner zone controllers are required to maintain cycle reproducibility.
Table 1 presents representative dry and conditioned ranges from publicly available EMS-Grivory product data. Testing is performed at 23°C unless otherwise indicated.
| Property | Standard | Dry value | Conditioned 23°C/50% RH |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.64–1.66 g/cm³ | — |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 21,000–23,000 MPa | 19,000–21,000 MPa |
| Stress at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | 240–270 MPa | 210–230 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | 2.0–2.5% | 2.5–3.0% |
| Charpy notched impact strength | ISO 179-1/1eA | 18–25 kJ/m² | 20–26 kJ/m² |
| Charpy unnotched impact strength | ISO 179-1/1eU | 80–95 kJ/m² | 85–100 kJ/m² |
| Heat deflection temperature 1.8 MPa | ISO 75-2:2013 | 165–175 °C | — |
| Melting point, DSC | ISO 11357-3:2018 | 170–178 °C | — |
| Comparative tracking index | IEC 60112 | 600 V | — |
| Mould shrinkage, parallel/transverse | ISO 294-4 | 0.1–0.3% / 0.3–0.5% | — |
Conditioning at 23°C/50% RH lowers tensile modulus by approximately 10% to 12%, whereas comparable PA66 glass-fibre grades may lose 20% or more under identical moisture exposure because of the higher amide group density. This behaviour is relevant for parts machined after moisture uptake and for snap-fit retention under periodic humidity cycles.
Selection against PA66-GF60, PPA-GF65, and PPS-GF65 reduces to trade-offs in moisture absorption, melt temperature, and long-term thermal oxidative stability. The PA12 matrix provides lower saturated water uptake than PA66 and a lower processing temperature than PPS, which reduces tooling thermal fatigue and permits use of conventional oil-heated moulds. Under ISO 62:2008, the 65% glass-fibre PA12 grade typically shows saturation uptake below 1.0% by mass, while PA66-GF60 grades commonly reach 3.5% to 4.5% by mass. The modulus depression after moisture uptake is correspondingly smaller. Against PPS-GF65, the Grilamid grade offers higher strain at break and better machining behaviour, but its continuous load-bearing thermal ceiling is lower, usually cited near 100°C in air. The difference from unfilled or PA12-GF30 is primarily the steep rise in tensile modulus and creep resistance, combined with a reduction in flow length. Spiral-flow length is therefore shorter, and gates, runners, and vents require larger cross-sections than for lower-fibre PA12 grades. Table 2 summarizes representative comparative values from industrial datasheets; exact values vary by supplier and stabilisation package.
| Property and standard | Grilamid LV-65H SST nat | PA66-GF60 typical | PPS-GF65 typical |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density, ISO 1183-1 | 1.64–1.66 g/cm³ | 1.66–1.70 g/cm³ | 1.90–2.00 g/cm³ |
| Saturation water uptake, ISO 62 | 0.6–1.0% | 3.5–4.5% | 0.1% |
| Tensile modulus, dry, ISO 527-1/-2 | 21,000–23,000 MPa | 18,000–22,000 MPa | 22,000–25,000 MPa |
| Charpy notched, 23°C, ISO 179-1/1eA | 18–25 kJ/m² | 10–14 kJ/m² | 7–10 kJ/m² |
| HDT 1.8 MPa, ISO 75-2 | 165–175 °C | 235–250 °C | 260–270 °C |
| Continuous load-bearing temperature, supplier typical | 80–100 °C | 110–140 °C | 200–220 °C |
| Mould temperature range | 90–120 °C | 70–100 °C | 130–150 °C |
In fatigue-sensitive pump impellers and gear housings, the glass-fibre network dominates fatigue crack-growth resistance only if weld-line placement is controlled. Fatigue data generated under ISO 13003 or supplier-internal sinusoidal loading show that weld-line strength retention in high-glass-fibre compounds can drop to 50% of unfilled-matrix values when the knit line lies perpendicular to the principal tensile stress. For LV-65H SST nat, the use of overlapping gate paths and sequential valve gating is therefore introduced to move the weld line to a low-stress region or to eliminate it. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; most successful conversions rely on prototype moulds with pressure transducers and short-shot analysis rather than on standard datasheet values alone.
Replacement of zinc die-cast valve bodies, sensor carriers, and pump brackets is addressed by the compound’s density and stiffness-to-weight ratio. With density near 1.65 g/cm³ under ISO 1183-1:2019, a load-bearing housing can be lighter than a zinc alloy equivalent at 6.6 g/cm³ to 6.8 g/cm³, while still achieving tensile strength above 200 MPa at 23°C after conditioning. Dimensional stability in the presence of hot oil, road salt, and alcohol-blended fuels is supported by the semicrystalline PA12 matrix, but continuous exposure to hot water above 90°C and strongly acidic media requires testing because hydrolytic attack and acid-catalysed chain scission can reduce weld-line strength. Moulded-in threads and snap-fit features are feasible only if the fibre orientation around the feature is modelled with process-specific anisotropic shrinkage data; published data for this specific configuration is limited, so prototype mould trials with short-shot and pressure-loss studies are advisable before series release.
The compound is also specified for electrical housings where corrosion resistance and dimensional control under harsh underhood conditions are primary requirements. Under IEC 60112, the comparative tracking index is reported at 600 V, placing the grade in the same class as many glass-reinforced PA12 products used for connector bodies and sensor housings. Mould shrinkage is anisotropic and depends on gate location and wall thickness; in practice, values parallel to flow can be as low as 0.1% and transverse values as high as 0.5% under ISO 294-4. Tool design should compensate for warpage by adjusting gate number and location rather than by increasing packing pressure alone, because fibre orientation gradients dominate shrinkage anisotropy at 65% fibre loading. Operational boundaries include restrictive use of regrind, the need for hardened tooling, and pre-drying at relative humidity above 60%. The grade is not recommended for prolonged exposure to concentrated mineral acids, strong polar solvents such as phenol, or continuous hot water above 90°C unless end-use testing demonstrates acceptable performance. Natural colour does not confer food-contact or drinking-water approval; suitability for regulated applications must be confirmed against the supplier’s lot-specific compliance documentation under the relevant regulation.
