| HS Code | 799393 |
| Density | 1.66 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Modulus | 22000 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 230 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 2.0% |
| Flexural Modulus | 21000 MPa |
| Flexural Strength | 300 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched 23 C | 15 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Impact Strength Unnotched 23 C | 55 kJ/m² |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 8 Mpa | 175 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 180 °C |
| Water Absorption Saturation | 1.2% |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-65H SST nat Nylon 12, 65% Glass Fiber Filled, Dry factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Moisture-proof sealed aluminum foil bags, 25 kg net each, containing dry nylon 12 pellets with 65% glass fiber reinforcement. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | A 20-foot FCL container securely loaded with dry EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-65H SST nat Nylon 12, 65% glass fiber filled pellets. |
| Shipping | This material is shipped as dry, glass-fiber-reinforced nylon pellets in sealed, moisture-barrier bags or drums to prevent water absorption. Transport requires standard freight handling, protection from impact and humidity, and storage in cool, dry conditions to maintain optimal processing performance. |
| Storage | Store in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Since nylon 12 is hygroscopic, keep the material dry to prevent moisture absorption; reseal promptly after use. Ideal temperature is below 30°C, with low humidity. Avoid prolonged exposure to UV or condensation. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is indefinite when stored sealed, dry, and away from UV light; moisture absorption may degrade properties. |
For hydraulic fluid power manifolds and valve bodies, EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-65H SST nat Nylon 12, 65% Glass Fiber Filled, Dry is processed in closed-loop injection molding cells where residual moisture must remain below 0.06 percent prior to plastication. The as-received moisture ceiling is 0.10 percent; any exposure beyond 30 min at ambient relative humidity above 60 percent requires desiccant-bed drying at 80 °C for 4 h to 8 h with a return-air dew point below −30 °C. Mold temperature is held between 90 °C and 110 °C to control post-mold shrinkage and to limit anisotropic fiber orientation in port seal zones. Injection speed is set to maintain a flow-front velocity of 200 mm/s to 350 mm/s because slower flow permits surface-layer glass fibers to orient strongly in the flow direction, which produces a tensile modulus shift between flow-direction and cross-flow specimens. Holding pressure applied through the runner system is maintained at 60 MPa to 100 MPa for walls between 4 mm and 8 mm; inadequate holding pressure produces sink marks at threaded boss intersections and measurable flatness deviation in port-to-port sealing faces. The melt residence time above 265 °C must not exceed 3 min. Longer residence in hot runner manifolds initiates yellowing, lowers notched Charpy impact energy, and generates carbonaceous deposits at the valve-gate tips.
Hydraulic manifolds made from this grade are used with mineral oil, water-glycol blends, and selected phosphate ester fluids after compatibility validation under ISO 175. The design-critical property is not only the tensile strength but also the fiber-orientation-dependent creep modulus. Prototype plates molded with single-edge gates exhibit flow-direction tensile strength values under ISO 527-1/-2 that can exceed cross-flow values by a factor of 1.5 to 1.8. This anisotropy directly constrains the allowable internal pressure in rectangular manifolds because the highest hoop stress frequently intersects the last-filled weld line at a port boss. Weld-line strength retention for this class of highly glass-loaded polyamide 12 is normally lower than that of unfilled or short-glass compounds; published weld-line data for this specific grade is limited, but comparable 60 wt% to 65 wt% glass-filled polyamide 12 formulations show retention between 35 percent and 55 percent relative to unwelded specimens. When a weld line cannot be removed by re-gating, it should be relocated to a non-critical rib or flange. Accelerated conditioning under ISO 1110 at 70 °C and 62 percent RH is used to evaluate moisture uptake prior to pressure cycling. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion is measured under ISO 11359-2; steel inserts should be knurled and preheated to the mold temperature to reduce microcracking at the insert interface during mold opening.
In engine-bay installations, the material is selected for brackets that position pressure sensors, temperature probes, and small electronic modules where dimensional stability under fluctuating humidity is the primary failure mode. The terminal component is a multi-point sensor-support bracket with molded-in brass bushings and snap features. The processing window for this application is narrower than for unfilled nylon 12 because the 65 wt% glass content raises the melt viscosity and reduces the available flow length in thin ribs. Barrel-zone setpoints are typically distributed from 220 °C at the feed throat to 265 °C at the nozzle, with a mold temperature of 80 °C to 100 °C. Multiple edge gates or valve gates are used instead of a central hot-tip gate to shorten flow paths and to control warpage from differential shrinkage between flow and cross-flow directions. The cavity layout is balanced so that each bracket arm receives a separate packing path; otherwise the bracket arms show post-demolding twist of 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm over a 120 mm span after 24 h of unrestrained conditioning at 23 °C and 50 percent RH.
Mechanical validation follows ISO 527-1/-2 for tensile properties, ISO 178 for flexural modulus, and ISO 179-1/1eA for notched Charpy impact at 23 °C and −20 °C. Environmental durability is assessed under ISO 16750-4 thermal cycling, typically between −40 °C and 150 °C, with the upper temperature limited by the short-term thermal resistance of the polyamide 12 matrix. The low equilibrium moisture uptake of nylon 12 relative to nylon 66 maintains bracket fit and clamp load retention after humid storage; this is quantified by measuring boss pull-out force before and after ISO 1110 conditioning. Under dynamic vibration loads, the bracket design must account for the relatively low elongation at break of the dry-as-molded material, which is normally below 3 percent for this glass content. Sharp internal corners at the bushing base should be replaced by a minimum radius of 0.8 mm to reduce notch sensitivity and to prevent stress cracking during cold-start vibration events.
Industrial electrical housings and busbar support frames made from this grade are specified where structural rigidity is required in combination with dimensional stability under partial discharge conditions. The material is molded into terminal housings, switchgear insulating supports, and high-current connector frames. The central technical conflict is that the high glass content lowers weld-line toughness while also increasing the dielectric surface variability along flow-front boundaries. The tool layout therefore avoids placing injection weld lines between phases or between a busbar and a grounded mounting point. If a weld line cannot be eliminated from a creepage path, the creepage distance is increased beyond the minimum required by IEC 61439-1 to account for a possible reduction in comparative tracking index along the weld line. The comparative tracking index is measured under IEC 60112; lot-specific values for this grade can vary with filler wet-out and surface skin formation, so the material certificate must be checked for the production batch.
The terminal component is an insulating support frame for laminated busbars inside a low-voltage switchgear assembly. The component is injection molded with sequential valve-gate control to reduce the number of uncontrolled flow-front collisions. Fill time is set between 1.5 s and 2.5 s; higher fill speeds generate shear heating above 280 °C at the glass-matrix interface, which causes surface glass exposure and lowers dielectric strength under IEC 60243-1. After molding, the part is annealed at 120 °C for 2 h in a circulated-air oven to relieve orientation stresses and to stabilize post-molding shrinkage. This annealing step is critical because residual stress around metal inserts can produce microvoids that act as partial discharge initiation sites. The housing is tested at 2.5 kV to 4 kV AC for 60 s depending on the rated insulation voltage; the exact test voltage is derived from the equipment standard, not from the material standard alone.
Centrifugal pump impellers and wear rings for low-pressure chemical transfer are molded from this compound when the pumped fluid is compatible with nylon 12 and when metallic impellers fail from corrosion or excessive mass. The material offers low cold-dimensional growth in water and diluted aqueous process streams, with equilibrium moisture uptake far below that of nylon 6 or nylon 66 grades. The terminal impeller has blade thicknesses between 2.5 mm and 4 mm, which places the melt under high shear. The operator must limit melt residence time above 270 °C to less than 4 min because glass fiber attrition accelerates under these conditions. The number-average fiber length after molding is measured on ashed specimens; when the fiber length drops below 0.25 mm, the notched Charpy impact energy shifts toward the lower end of the lot distribution and the failure mode changes from fiber pull-out to matrix cracking. This shift is more visible at −20 °C, where embrittlement reduces the safety margin against impeller fracture during pump startup with entrapped air.
The pump housing and impeller are validated under ISO 527-1/-2 for tensile strength and under ISO 178 for flexural modulus. Chemical compatibility is established by immersion testing under ISO 175 in the actual process fluid at the maximum continuous service temperature. The service temperature for standard water-based fluids is limited to 80 °C, with short-term excursions to 95 °C permitted only for clean-out cycles of less than 30 min. The impeller hub is designed with a molded-in stainless steel insert because the dry-as-molded material has limited creep resistance at localized shaft contact pressures above 20 MPa. The insert is knurled and heated to the mold temperature before insertion molding to reduce interfacial gaps that could allow fluid penetration into the hub. Rotational balance is measured after machining of the hub and blade tips; the low specific gravity compared with bronze reduces unbalance force, but tool wear from the glass content changes the cavity dimensions over time. Mold inserts in the blade region should be produced from hardened tool steel with surface hardness above 55 HRC. Published data for impeller fatigue limits in this exact grade is limited, so pump producers typically qualify the impeller on an end-use test rig under cyclic start-stop operation.
Robotic end-effector arms and structural automation fixtures are molded from this material when high stiffness and low moving mass are required simultaneously. The terminal component is a cantilevered pick-and-place arm mounted to a linear actuator, with integrated vacuum channels and sensor pockets. The tool uses sequential valve gating to prevent air entrapment at thickness changes from 3 mm to 10 mm. Fill velocity below 150 mm/s at the valve gate produces visible fiber orientation lines on the surface, but the more severe defect is flow-front hesitation at the vacuum channel rib, which generates a weld line with low flexural strength. The arm is tested under ISO 527-4 for flexural modulus and under ISO 179-1/1eA for impact at 23 °C and −20 °C. The low-temperature impact value is the controlling design limit for pick-and-place systems with impact speeds above 1.5 m/s. For collaborative robot installations, the end-effector assembly must comply with ISO 10218-1 and ISO/TS 15066 safety limits, but the material itself is evaluated only as a structural component within the overall safeguarding concept.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-65H SST nat is a polyamide 12 injection-moulding compound reinforced with 65% by weight glass fibre and supplied in a dry condition. In the EMS-Grivory material designation, “LV” places the grade within the glass-fibre-reinforced PA12 range, “65” identifies the glass-fibre weight percentage, “H” indicates heat-ageing stabilization, “SST” denotes a stiffening technology, and “nat” specifies natural uncoloured resin. The dry supply condition means pellet surface and core moisture are controlled at packaging, but it does not prevent subsequent moisture absorption from ambient exposure. The grade is intended for metal-replacement components requiring tensile modulus above 17,000 MPa and dimensional stability in contact with hydrocarbon media. Published data for this specific configuration should be checked against the EMS-Grivory material database, because conditioning state, specimen thickness, and fibre orientation can shift mechanical values.
The continuous load-bearing temperature for Grilamid LV-65H SST nat is governed by heat deflection temperature rather than by the crystalline melting point alone. Under ISO 75-1/-2:2013 with an applied stress of 1.8 MPa, the grade typically remains below excessive deflection in the 165–175°C range. The melting peak recorded by differential scanning calorimetry in accordance with ISO 11357-1/-3 is approximately 176°C, but the practical load-bearing limit is lower because the PA12 matrix softens above its glass transition region. This distinction is significant in metal-replacement design: a component can survive short-term soldering or powder-coating excursions, but sustained static load at 1.8 MPa near the melting point will produce creep. The 65% glass network reduces creep but does not eliminate it; published creep-rupture data for PA12-GF65 remain limited at temperatures above 120°C.
| Property | Test method | Typical dry value |
|---|---|---|
| Glass fibre content | ISO 3451-1 | 65 wt% |
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.65 g/cm³ |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 19,000 MPa |
| Tensile strength at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | 230 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | 2.0 % |
| Charpy notched impact strength | ISO 179/1eA | 12 kJ/m² |
| Charpy unnotched impact strength | ISO 179/1eU | 75 kJ/m² |
| Heat deflection temperature HDT/A | ISO 75-1/-2 | 165–175 °C |
| Melting point DSC | ISO 11357-1/-3 | 176 °C |
Following the property profile, processing of the dry grade requires redrying whenever pellet moisture exceeds 0.10% by weight. In production facilities using dehumidified-air dryers with a dew point below −30°C, redrying at 80°C for 4–8 h is normally sufficient for pellets stored in opened packaging. The high glass-fibre content produces a viscous, dough-like melt that transmits shear differently from unfilled PA12: screw recovery is more consistent with a low-compression general-purpose screw, and injection speed should be increased rather than compensated by excessive melt temperature. On a 120-t class injection moulding machine filling a 2.0 mm wall thickness, filling pressures commonly exceed 100 MPa, while clamp force requirements can approach 70–80% of machine capacity because the frozen layer forms quickly. Melt temperatures in the 230–270°C range and mould temperatures of 80–120°C are used in practice; lower mould temperatures reduce cycle time but degrade surface reproduction and increase fibre read-through.
In twin-screw compounding, glass roving is fed downstream into a PA12 melt on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 40–52. If glass is fed too early or the screw contains excessive kneading blocks, fibre attrition lowers the final modulus and increases melt instability. A vented barrel configuration with atmospheric or mild vacuum devolatilization is used to remove volatiles introduced with the glass sizing. Batch-to-batch viscosity variation can be reduced by controlling pellet moisture before moulding to a target below 0.10%; higher moisture shifts the apparent melt viscosity and can produce silver streaks at the gate.
| Parameter | Reference range |
|---|---|
| Hopper moisture content before moulding | <0.10 % |
| Redrying temperature | 80 °C |
| Redrying time | 4–8 h |
| Melt temperature | 230–270 °C |
| Mould temperature | 80–120 °C |
| Injection pressure | 100–140 MPa |
| Back pressure | 0.5–1.0 MPa |
| Screw rotation speed | 30–60 rpm |
| Maximum melt residence time | 5–8 min |
The high filler content in Grilamid LV-65H SST nat creates a pronounced reduction in mechanical continuity at knit lines. When a mould design includes multiple gates or around-core flow restrictions, the meeting fronts consist largely of glass-depleted PA12 skins, so the weld-line tensile strength may fall below 50% of the parent material strength. This is not a defect specific to the grade but scales with glass loading. Differential scanning calorimetry and short-beam shear tests on moulded plaques show that weld-line morphology depends on melt-front temperature and the angle of confluence; a confluence angle below 90° produces lower weld-line elongation. For design verification, ISO 527-2 Type 1A tensile bars with a centre gate should be supplemented by ISO 527-2 specimens with opposing injection and by instrumented impact testing according to ISO 8256. In production, moving the gate to a low-stress area and increasing mould temperature to 120°C improves weld-line strength but may extend cooling time. Adding a mould-filling simulation with fibre-orientation tensor data is recommended before committing to tool steel because the 65% glass fraction makes predicted warpage sensitive to gate location and packing pressure.
In hydrocarbon contact, PA12-GF65 demonstrates one of its principal advantages over PA66-GF60. The PA12 backbone absorbs less fuel and brake fluid by mass, and swelling after immersion in a standard automotive fuel test fluid at 60°C generally remains below 1%. This low uptake maintains post-moulding dimensions in fuel-sender flanges, quick-connect couplings, canister valves and compressed-air fittings. However, hydrolysis resistance is not unlimited: pressurized water or steam above 120°C can attack the polymer at the fibre interface, and exposure to concentrated mineral acids, zinc chloride solutions or strong polar solvents should be evaluated case by case. The grade is not designed for continuous outdoor load-bearing with direct UV exposure unless an external stabilizer or coating system is applied.
Comparative modulus retention in humid environments separates Grilamid LV-65H SST nat from both PA6 and PA66 glass-fibre compounds. At saturation in 23°C water, PA12 absorbs approximately 0.5–0.7% moisture, while PA66 GF60 can reach 4–5%. The practical consequence is that the PA12-GF65 grade loses less tensile modulus after equilibration in a 50% relative-humidity environment than a PA66-GF60 grade, making it suitable for pneumatic components that experience seasonal humidity shifts. Against Grilamid LV-50H, the 65% loading increases flexural modulus and lowers linear thermal expansion but reduces fracture strain and unpainted impact toughness. Against a high-performance thermoplastic such as PPS GF40, the PA12-GF65 grade offers lower processing temperature, lower density and lower tool wear, but cannot match continuous use above 200°C or inherent flame retardancy. The property window therefore places the grade between standard glass-filled aliphatic polyamides and high-temperature aromatic compounds.
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured by ISO 11359-1/-2 is anisotropic in the glass-filled grade: flow-direction values remain near 15–25 µm/m·K, transverse values near 40–60 µm/m·K. This anisotropy must be included in metal-replacement tolerance stacks, particularly for bearing bores and flat sealing faces. The dry condition at delivery does not remove the need for moisture management because PA12 pellets can reach surface moisture equilibrium within hours. Incompatibilities include prolonged contact with concentrated formic acid, phenol, and nitric acid, as well as high-pressure steam sterilization above 121°C. Regrind usage should be limited to 20–30% by weight in moulding facilities, and regrind must be dried to the same moisture specification because chopped glass and matrix degradation reduce impact strength more rapidly than in unfilled PA12. If the finished article is intended for potable-water contact, product-specific migration testing under national health standards is required because the glass-fibre content and heat-stabilizer package are not automatically covered by general PA12 food-contact compliance. The material should not be combined with amine-based release agents or additives without prior stability testing because alkaline species can accelerate chain scission of polyamide at elevated processing temperatures.
