| HS Code | 652150 |
| Density | 1.62 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Modulus | 15000 MPa |
| Tensile Stress At Break | 190 MPa |
| Tensile Strain At Break | 2.0% |
| Charpy Impact Strength | 80 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength | 12 kJ/m² |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 8 Mpa | 175 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 200 °C |
| Water Absorption Saturation | 0.6% |
| Coefficient Of Linear Thermal Expansion | 2.5e-5 /°C |
| Glass Fiber Content | 65% |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LV-65H FWA black 9225 PA12-GF65 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaged as moisture-protective 25 kg sealed bags of black PA12-GF65 pellets, labeled with product name, batch number, and traceability information. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container: load Grilamid LV-65H FWA black 9225 PA12-GF65 neatly on pallets, secured, dry, and ventilated. |
| Shipping | Ship as sealed, moisture-proof packaging to preserve PA12-GF65 properties. Store in a cool, dry area away from sunlight. Avoid dust generation; handle with care. Ensure containers are labeled correctly and comply with local transport regulations for polymer granules. Protect from crushing and contamination. |
| Storage | Store in original unopened packaging in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Keep tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption, which may degrade the PA12-GF65 material. Avoid direct sunlight, heat sources, and condensation. Use first-in, first-out rotation. Under proper storage conditions, shelf life is typically 24 months. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years when stored dry, sealed, and protected from heat, moisture, and UV exposure. |
Electrohydraulic brake actuator housings produced from Grilamid® LV-65H FWA black 9225 are specified where the part must retain flatness over an aluminium mating face after heat ageing in brake fluid vapour. The nominal glass fibre mass fraction of 65% lowers mould shrinkage to a range commonly below 0.2% in flow direction when measured on ISO 294-4 plaques; this property allows metal thread inserts to be overmoulded with less sink than unfilled PA12. Tooling must use hardened gates because the high fibre loading produces abrasive wear; land lengths above 0.8 mm and gate diameters below 1.2 mm generate shear heating that can degrade the matrix at the gate. The material is dried to ≤0.10 wt% moisture by ISO 15512 method B; barrel profiles are set from 260 °C at the feed zone to 280 °C at the nozzle, with 80–120 °C mould temperature. Holding pressure is established from gate-seal time curves; a minimum holding pressure of 60 MPa hydraulic is typically required to suppress sink on rib bosses with thickness ratio 0.6:1. Finished actuator carriers are validated for tensile strength at weld lines to ISO 527-2/1A specimens machined from plates, because weld-line strength in 60–65% glass-filled polyamides can fall by up to 45% compared with non-weld-line material. Brake fluid compatibility is screened to ISO 4925 fluid test conditions; dimensional change is recorded after 1,000 h at 150 °C in DOT 4 fluid, with pass criterion dependent on OEM drawing. The terminal product is a motor carrier integrated into electrohydraulic brake-by-wire systems, where the part must isolate motor torque and maintain sensor gap accuracy after thermal shock between -40 °C and 125 °C.
Selection for cold and warm potable water distribution manifolds depends on the approval status of the FWA formulation under national migration regimes, not solely on polymer class. For Grilamid® LV-65H FWA black 9225, the glass fibre content of 65% increases tensile strength but changes the surface-to-volume migration profile compared with unfilled PA12; the notified body evaluates the finished manifold geometry, not the raw material alone. Moulded manifold bodies are typically processed with a melt cushion of 3–5 mm to exclude fibre-depleted material; water-facing surfaces are not machined unless required by the thread core, because machining exposes fibre ends. The grade is dried at 80 °C for 4–8 h in dry-air equipment to reach 0.08–0.12 wt% moisture; excessive melt temperature above 285 °C increases free laurolactam oligomer diffusion, which can complicate EU 10/2011 migration testing. Mould temperature is held at 90–110 °C to develop crystallinity; panels moulded at 100 °C mould temperature show lower water uptake at saturation than parts moulded at 60 °C when tested by ISO 62 at 23 °C in distilled water. Threaded brass inserts are overmoulded in manifold ports; insert bosses are designed to avoid stress cracking from thermal expansion mismatch, with a minimum wall around the insert of 2.0 mm to prevent cracks during 85 °C water cycling. Finished manifolds are tested for hydrostatic strength at 1.5× maximum working pressure for 1,000 h under ISO 9080 methodology. The terminal articles are modular hot/cold water distribution blocks used in building installations.
| Parameter | Thin-wall ≤1.5 mm | Thick-wall ≥3.0 mm |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-drying | 80 °C, 4–6 h | 80 °C, 8–12 h |
| Residual moisture | ≤0.10 wt% | ≤0.10 wt% |
| Melt temperature | 270–285 °C | 255–270 °C |
| Mould temperature | 90–120 °C | 80–100 °C |
| Back pressure | 3–5 MPa | 2–4 MPa |
| Injection speed | fill in 0.5–1.0 s | fill in 1.5–3.0 s |
| Holding pressure | 80–120 MPa | 60–90 MPa |
| Regrind allowable | ≤15 wt% | ≤20 wt% |
For modular compressed air valve islands, manifold plates are injection-moulded from Grilamid® LV-65H FWA black 9225, where the glass fibre mass fraction of 65% provides the flatness required for O-ring grooves. In this application, the moulding process is clamped at 2.2–2.8 t/cm² projected area because short fibre orientation follows flow fronts; if the gate is placed at the centre of the plate, radial orientation creates a warpage pattern with out-of-flatness above 0.3 mm on a 200 mm length. Mould-filling simulations are therefore run with fibre orientation tensors; gate relocation to a fan edge and an extended holding pressure profile reduce post-moulding warpage to below 0.1 mm when measured on a surface plate per ISO 1101. The material is dried to ≤0.1 wt% moisture and injected at 260–275 °C melt temperature; screw back pressure is held at 3–5 MPa hydraulic to homogenise glass distribution. The runner is designed with full-round sections not smaller than 4.0 mm diameter; smaller tunnel gates freeze prematurely and generate high shear heating, causing surface silver streaks and local matrix degradation. Moulded manifold subplates are pressure-tested at 10 bar dry air for leak tightness after 50,000 actuation cycles on the assembled valve island. The terminal components replace anodised aluminium distributor blocks in factory automation equipment, with port spacing tolerances of ±0.05 mm verified by CMM inspection.
Hydraulic hose support clamps for agricultural and construction equipment are switched from machined aluminium to Grilamid® LV-65H FWA black 9225 where weight, corrosion resistance, and snap-fit assembly are required. The part is moulded with a regrind level of 15–20 wt%, not exceeding 20 wt%, to preserve notched impact strength; regrind is pre-dried identically to virgin material because partially hydrolysed regrind lowers the molecular weight and reduces weld-line strength. Clamp bodies are moulded in two-plate tools with hot runners; a valve gate of 1.5 mm diameter is used, and injection speed is set to fill the cavity in 0.8–1.2 s to prevent premature freeze-off in the fibre-rich flow front. The mould is configured at 100 °C; after ejection, parts are conditioned at 23 °C and 50% RH for 48 h before stiffness verification to ISO 527-2, because PA12 properties are moisture-dependent. Vibration resistance is evaluated on a servo-hydraulic shaker with random profile 10–500 Hz at 4 g RMS for 100 h; clamp brackets are torqued to 8 N·m on steel threaded bosses. The terminal products are multi-line hydraulic hose clamps and mounting brackets for off-highway equipment, where black 9225 colour provides long-term UV stabilisation through carbon black dispersion, though outdoor exposure still causes cosmetic surface chalking after 3,000 h in ISO 4892-2 xenon arc testing.
| Application | Property/requirement | Standard/method |
|---|---|---|
| Electrohydraulic brake actuator | Weld-line tensile strength retention | ISO 527-2/1A |
| Potable water manifold | Long-term hydrostatic strength | ISO 9080 |
| Pneumatic manifold plate | Flatness after ejection | ISO 1101 |
| Off-highway hydraulic clamp | Vibration resistance | servo-hydraulic random 10–500 Hz |
| Ski touring binding plate | Low-temperature flexural impact | ISO 179/1eU |
| Optical fixture base | Linear thermal expansion | ISO 11359-2 |
In alpine touring bindings, low-temperature structural plates are injection-moulded from Grilamid® LV-65H FWA black 9225 because the 65% glass fibre mass fraction shifts heat deflection temperature above 170 °C when tested to ISO 75-1/-2 at 1.8 MPa while retaining PA12 low-temperature ductility. The plate must withstand a release loading of 1,000 N in lateral bending without brittle fracture at -20 °C; moulded plates are therefore annealed at 120 °C for 4 h in nitrogen to bring the matrix to maximum crystallinity before mechanical testing. In this application, shrinkage anisotropy is controlled by gate position at the toe edge; the resulting plate shape is checked with a CMM after 24 h conditioning to ISO 291. The material is not painted; black 9225 provides the visual finish, and textured cavity surfaces are specified to VDI 3400 finish 24 for decoupling from snow. Binding screws are fastened with threaded brass inserts overmoulded during injection; insert pull-out force is verified on a universal testing machine at 5 mm/min. The terminal product is an alpine touring binding base plate.
Optical inspection fixture bases are machined from blank plates injection-moulded from Grilamid® LV-65H FWA black 9225, where flatness after thermal cycling is a pass/fail criterion. The moulding is performed with a maximum residual moisture of 0.08 wt%, a melt temperature of 270 °C, and a mould temperature of 110 °C; after ejection, plates are stress-relieved at 130 °C for 2 h under forced air to reduce frozen-in orientation. The glass fibre content of 65% reduces thermal expansion relative to unfilled PA12; linear thermal expansion is measured to ISO 11359-2 between -20 °C and 80 °C, and the average value around 25–30 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ is used for fixture compensation. Exact supplier datasheet values should replace this range for release documentation because fibre orientation can alter the result by up to 20%. The terminal machined fixture base is cycled between -10 °C and 70 °C for 500 h; dimensional change must remain below 0.05% on datum features. Machining feeds must be adjusted for glass fibre; carbide tooling with 0.2 mm depth of finish cut prevents fibre pull-out. The article shipped is a metrology fixture base used in automated optical inspection stations.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-65H FWA black 9225 is a heat-stabilised injection-moulding compound based on polyamide 12 and reinforced with 65 wt% glass fibre. Under ISO 16396-2 the material designation is PA12-GF65; the commercial model LV-65H identifies the EMS glass-reinforced PA12 series, the H suffix denotes heat stabilisation, and FWA indicates that the pellet formulation is intended for drinking-water and food-contact components. The colour code black 9225 is a pre-compounded carbon-black formulation. Typical end uses include structural housings, flanges, pump bodies, valve bodies, water-meter chambers, pneumatic manifolds, and mounting brackets requiring high stiffness, low moisture uptake, and resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons, oils, coolants, and water. The glass-fibre content raises the dry tensile modulus into the 20 000–24 000 MPa class under ISO 527-2, while elongation at break falls below 3%. These values place the product above glass-reinforced PA12 grades with lower filler loadings in stiffness and below unreinforced impact-modified PA12 grades in toughness.
The principal processing limits are melt residence time, moisture-induced hydrolysis, and tool wear. Pre-drying is mandatory before moulding. The recommended drying system is a dehumidifying dryer with a dew point of −30 °C or lower; residual pellet moisture should be below 0.10 wt%. Drying at 80 °C for 4–8 h is typical. Higher drying temperatures can lead to oxidative surface degradation, while insufficient drying produces splay, silver streaking, and reduced weld-line strength.
Melt temperature measured at the nozzle should be maintained between 230 °C and 270 °C. Thin-wall sections below 1.5 mm require the upper range to prevent premature freeze-off; thick sections above 3 mm are processed in the lower range to limit thermal degradation. Barrel profiles typically increase from 220 °C at the feed throat to 260 °C in the metering zone. Mould temperature should be held at 60–100 °C, with 80–100 °C preferred for dimensional stability and surface appearance. At the lower end of the mould-temperature range, glass-fibre orientation is more superficial and shrinkage anisotropy increases.
High glass-fibre content is abrasive. Screw and barrel should be hardened; a general-purpose three-zone screw with an L/D ratio of 20–24 and compression ratio of 2.0–2.5:1 is suitable for many machines. The non-return valve and check ring should be hardfaced. Back pressure of 0.2–0.5 MPa is commonly used, with injection speeds set to fill the cavity in 0.5–2.0 s depending on wall thickness. The melt cushion should be kept at 2–4 mm to maintain shot-to-shot consistency and to limit fibre breakage in the screw front.
Residence time at melt temperature should not exceed 8–10 min. Purging after production should be performed with a polyamide-compatible purging compound. Regrind should be limited to 30 wt% maximum because repeated extrusion reduces fibre length and notched impact. Under ISO 294-4, mould shrinkage of a 2 mm plaque is anisotropic; flow-direction shrinkage is typically below 0.3%, while transverse shrinkage is higher. Final shrinkage allowances require a tool trial using the production mould and the specified gate location.
Table 1 presents representative published values for the dry and conditioned states. These values are not lot-specific guarantees; they are used for initial part design and should be replaced by certified lot data from the current manufacturer’s technical data sheet before production validation.
| Property | Test standard | Dry | Conditioned |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.66 g/cm³ | — |
| Glass-fibre content | ISO 1172 | 65 wt% | — |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-2 | 21 000 MPa | 20 000 MPa |
| Tensile strength at break | ISO 527-2 | 270 MPa | 250 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-2 | 2.0% | 2.5% |
| Flexural modulus | ISO 178 | 19 500 MPa | 18 000 MPa |
| Charpy notched impact | ISO 179-1/1eA | 22 kJ/m² | 25 kJ/m² |
| Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa | ISO 75-2/A | 155 °C | — |
| Deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa | ISO 75-2/B | 165 °C | — |
Conditioned values refer to standard laboratory atmosphere at 23 °C and 50% RH. Residual moisture has a limited effect on modulus compared with PA6 or PA66 because the amide group density of PA12 is lower. Under ISO 62, PA12 reaches approximately 1.5% water uptake at saturation, whereas PA66 can exceed 7%. In moist service the grade therefore retains a higher fraction of dry modulus than polyamide 66 at similar glass loading. The notched impact values still indicate brittle behaviour; design should avoid sharp notches, weld lines, and point loads.
To define the differences from other products, Table 2 compares typical values for the subject grade, a 50 wt% glass-filled PA12, and a 60 wt% glass-filled PA66.
| Attribute | PA12-GF65 subject grade | PA12-GF50 typical | PA66-GF60 typical |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.66 g/cm³ | 1.45 g/cm³ | 1.70 g/cm³ |
| Dry tensile modulus | 21 000 MPa | 16 000 MPa | 20 000 MPa |
| Water uptake at 23 °C saturation | ~1.5% | ~1.5% | ~7–9% |
| Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa | 155 °C | 150 °C | 250 °C |
These differences define substitution limits. The PA12-GF65 grade is selected over 50 wt% glass PA12 when additional modulus and lower creep are required, but it sacrifices melt fluidity and weld-line ductility. It is selected over PA66-GF60 when lower water uptake, better dimensional stability in humid environments, and resistance to chloride-containing de-icing salts are needed, but it is not selected when continuous service temperature exceeds about 120 °C or when the peak HDT of PA66 is required. Tool wear is higher than with 30–50 wt% glass grades; hardened tool steels are required. Compared with die-cast aluminium, the polymer composite is not a direct stiffness replacement. The elastic modulus is approximately 20 000 MPa versus 70 000 MPa for aluminium, so structural equivalence requires thicker ribbed sections or geometry changes. The benefit is mass reduction and corrosion resistance in chloride-containing environments.
Coolant housings, water-pump bodies, valve covers, and water-meter chambers represent production applications where PA12-GF65 is evaluated as a substitute for polyamides with higher moisture uptake or lower dimensional stability. The service environment is typically a 50/50 vol% ethylene glycol/water mixture at 90–110 °C under 1–2 bar pressure. The PA12 matrix provides lower water absorption and greater dimensional stability in cold-water cycles than PA66, while the 65 wt% glass fibre supplies the stiffness needed for flatness and seal compression. However, hydrolysis resistance in hot coolant is not unlimited; long-term exposure above 110 °C with oxygen ingress can reduce molecular weight and cause embrittlement. Continuous-use temperature for the part should be derived from the UL 746B relative thermal index or from a component-level aging test.
For potable-water contact components, the FWA grade is evaluated for impellers, manifolds, distributors, and valve bodies. In such applications, migration testing is performed on the moulded part according to EU Regulation 10/2011 or FDA 21 CFR 177.1500, depending on market. The black 9225 carbon-black pigment must not violate purity limits for food-contact applications. Final compliance is component-specific because mould temperature, hold pressure, and regrind fraction influence low-molecular-weight species.
Production tooling requires larger gates and runner cross-sections than unreinforced PA12. A gate diameter of 0.8–1.2 mm is used for wall sections near 2–3 mm; edge gates and tab gates are preferred over pin gates to reduce fibre breakage. Hot-runner systems should use externally heated manifolds with wear-resistant needle tips; internally heated systems can create high shear and black speck formation. Venting grooves of 0.02–0.03 mm depth along the parting line prevent diesel-effect burning caused by trapped volatiles.
The FWA suffix in EMS-Grivory nomenclature refers to the formulation’s intended suitability for food-contact and drinking-water applications. It is not a standalone certification. The component manufacturer must validate migration, sensory, and mechanical performance on the final part. Applicable standards and regulations include EU Regulation 10/2011, U.S. FDA 21 CFR 177.1500, and national water-scheme documents such as KTW-BWGL, WRAS, or ACS, as required by the installation country. The exact grade and colour code, including black 9225, must be listed in the manufacturer’s compliance correspondence for the regulation in question.
Operational boundaries for this grade include a maximum suggested regrind fraction of 30 wt%; use of amine-based additives or acidic flame-retardant masterbatches should be avoided because they can reduce molecular weight and shift migration performance. Drying before moulding is mandatory at elevated humidity; storage in sealed moisture-barrier bags is recommended after drying. The material is not intended for continuous exposure to strong acids, strong bases, or polar organic solvents at elevated temperature. In potable-water service above 85 °C, long-term hydrostatic design data should be obtained under ISO 9080 or an equivalent pressure-pipe standard before specifying pressure-bearing walls.
