| HS Code | 101556 |
| Density Conditioned | 1.60 g/cm³ |
| Glass Fiber Content | 65% |
| Tensile Modulus Conditioned | 15000 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Break Conditioned | 185 MPa |
| Tensile Strain At Break Conditioned | 3.7 % |
| Flexural Modulus Conditioned | 14500 MPa |
| Flexural Strength At Break Conditioned | 250 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched Conditioned | 14 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Impact Strength Unnotched Conditioned | 50 kJ/m² |
| Heat Deflection Temperature At 1 8 Mpa | 195 °C |
| Melting Temperature | 178 °C |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.2 % |
| Water Absorption At Saturation 23 C 50 Rh | 0.7 % |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-65H FWA black 9225 Nylon 12, 65% Glass Fiber Filled, Conditioned factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 25 kg sealed moisture-barrier bags, conditioned to maintain low moisture content for optimal processing of Grilamid LV-65H. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loading of conditioned Grilamid LV-65H FWA black 9225, 65% glass-filled Nylon 12, securely packed for transport. |
| Shipping | Shipments of EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-65H FWA black 9225 are packaged in sealed, moisture-barrier bags to prevent absorption. Keep containers dry and away from heat. Handle with care to avoid damaging glass fibers. Standard ground or freight shipping is suitable; avoid extreme humidity during transit. See SDS for full handling details. |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry area in the original sealed container, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and ignition sources. Keep the material protected from moisture and condensation to prevent degradation. Maintain moderate temperatures and good ventilation. Avoid stacking excessively or damaging bags. Use within recommended shelf life. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is two years when stored in original, unopened packaging in a cool, dry place away from moisture and sunlight. |
Grilamid LV-65H FWA black 9225 is a polyamide 12 injection-molding compound with 65 wt% glass fiber reinforcement, designated PA12-GF65 under ISO 1043-1:2011 and supplied in a conditioned state. Conditioning reduces the step-change in moisture absorption that otherwise shifts dimensions and impact behavior after molding. The dry tensile modulus is typically reported in the range of 18,000 MPa to 22,000 MPa according to ISO 527-1:2019, while the density is 1.70 g/cm³ to 1.75 g/cm³ per ISO 1183-1:2019. Predrying in a desiccant dryer with a dew point of -40 °C to -20 °C at 80 °C to 100 °C for 4 h to 8 h is required when storage has occurred above 60% relative humidity; the maximum water content before processing is 0.10 wt%. Melt temperature is maintained between 250 °C and 290 °C, mold temperature between 80 °C and 120 °C, and screw surface speed is limited to 0.3 m/s unless data from a specific machine supports higher rates. Batch-to-batch variation in melt volume-flow rate should be monitored per ISO 1133-1:2022 at 275 °C with a 2.16 kg load, although capillary rheometry per ISO 11443:2021 provides more process-relevant viscosity data for this high-filler system. The following application scenarios are restricted to technically established downstream uses of stiff, low-moisture-uptake PA12 compounds and do not include general-purpose structural substitution.
Underhood structural brackets, charge-air cooler flanges, electronic control unit retention plates, and sensor support frames are injection-molded from this grade where dry stiffness, chemical resistance to engine oil splash, and low moisture drift are required under thermal cycling from -40 °C to 120 °C, with short-term peaks not exceeding 150 °C. Series production is governed by IATF 16949:2016 quality management requirements, while material acceptance testing uses ISO 527-2:2012 for tensile modulus and stress at break, ISO 178:2019 for flexural modulus, ISO 75-1:2020 for heat deflection temperature, ISO 179-1:2010 for Charpy impact, and ISO 1183-1:2019 for density. The compound is processed neat; no additional glass fiber masterbatch or impact modifier is introduced at the press. Regrind from sprues and runners may be re-introduced at a maximum of 20 wt% of total feedstock, provided the fraction is dry and free of oil contamination. Higher regrind levels reduce glass-fiber aspect ratio, increase melt-pressure variation, and reduce weld-line tensile elongation. Injection molding uses mold temperatures in the 80 °C to 120 °C range, preferably 100 °C to 120 °C for underhood parts requiring dimensional reproducibility, and filling speeds of 80 mm/s to 150 mm/s screw advance. Holding pressure is set between 60 MPa and 90 MPa, and gate freeze time is determined by cavity pressure sensors that maintain a pressure decay plateau of 0.5 s to 1.5 s. Terminal finished parts include charge-air flap housings, ECU support brackets, and underhood sensor mounts, where post-mould shrinkage is measured at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity for 48 h to 168 h before dimensional release.
In compressed air preparation and pneumatic valve manifold production, this grade is specified for valve bodies, end plates, porting blocks, and filter-regulator-lubricator housing sections because the conditioned PA12 matrix absorbs significantly less water than PA6 or PA66, limiting the flatness deviation after 1,000 h of humid air cycling at 40 °C and 90% relative humidity. European machine integration requires conformity with ISO 4414:2010 for pneumatic system safety and, when electrical control is integrated, IEC 60204-1:2016; material-level compliance documentation covers REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU. The formulation addition ratio is fixed at 65 wt% glass fiber; no additional filler concentrate, lubricant, or release agent should be blended on the production floor. If black masterbatch is needed for color adjustment, a PA12-carrier masterbatch at a maximum let-down of 2 wt% is allowed only after verifying screw recovery time and melt viscosity stability. Molding is performed with screw surface speed held below 0.3 m/s, back pressure 0.5 MPa to 1.0 MPa, and decompression after plastication limited to 2 mm to 5 mm. The melt cushion is kept at 2 mm to 4 mm, and heater band profiling should avoid hot spots above 300 °C because glass-filled PA12 degrades through thermo-oxidative chain scission and releases volatiles that cause gate blush. Terminal products are pneumatic directional control valve manifolds, FRL end blocks, and porting plates for automated assembly lines, where repeated assembly torque of threaded inserts to 10 N·m to 30 N·m and internal pressure pulses up to 1.0 MPa are typical validation loads.
Miniature circuit breaker frames, residual current device structural cages, and auxiliary contact plates are injection-molded from this material because the low equilibrium moisture content of PA12 reduces creep under continuous contact spring pressure, and the 65 wt% glass reinforcement supplies the flexural modulus needed to resist contact blow-open forces. End-product safety evaluation follows IEC 60898-1:2015 for circuit-breakers or IEC 61008-1:2010 for residual current devices, while material-level tests include glow-wire ignitability per IEC 60695-2-11, comparative tracking index per IEC 60112, and flammability classification per UL 94; this specific glass-filled PA12 grade is normally classified UL 94 HB at 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm, not V-0, so arc-containment and creepage requirements must be confirmed with the complete device. The compound is processed neat and cannot be modified with flame-retardant masterbatch without invalidating the filler-resin interface and the supplied conditioned moisture state. Tooling uses edge gates at the frame base and nominal wall thicknesses from 1.2 mm to 2.5 mm. Melt temperature is controlled at 270 °C to 290 °C; hot runner manifolds, nozzles, and valve-gate tips are held in the same band, and mold temperature is maintained at 90 °C to 110 °C. Holding pressure is set at 80 MPa to 120 MPa, and cooling time is calculated from part mass and wall thickness to achieve a demolding temperature below 90 °C. Terminal finished parts are MCB frames, RCD structural cages, and auxiliary contact plates, where damp heat conditioning for 48 h at 40 °C and 93% relative humidity per IEC 60068-2-78 must produce dimensional change within the device tolerance bank.
When glass-filled PA12 is selected to replace die-cast zinc or machined aluminum in pump volute liners, filter housings, and dosing pump structural bodies, the critical evaluation points are mold shrinkage anisotropy, insert stress, and abrasive wear of the tooling caused by exposed glass fibers. For potable water or food-contact applications, the FWA designation requires written confirmation against EU Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 and 21 CFR 177.1500; industrial pressure-bearing housings are assessed under ISO 12100:2010 for risk assessment, and assembled valve leakage may be tested to ISO 15848-1:2016 but not applied to the polymer material alone. The compound enters the process as a finished pellet without post-compounding. The addition level of glass reinforcement is fixed at 65 wt%, and no additional lubricant, release agent, or impact modifier is introduced because the pellet already contains the process-stabilized fiber sizing needed for mold release and interfacial strength. Molding uses machines with clamp forces from 800 kN to 4,000 kN, bimetallic barrels, and hardened screw tips; screw speed is limited to 40 min⁻¹ to 80 min⁻¹ on a 40 mm screw to limit fiber length reduction, and back pressure is held at 0.5 MPa to 1.2 MPa. Mold temperature is controlled at 80 °C to 110 °C, and hold time is extended to 8 s to 12 s per 1 mm of nominal wall. Terminal parts include positive displacement pump heads, rotary lobe pump housings, filter bowls, and water-treatment manifold sections, with typical qualification thresholds of 0.6 MPa internal pressure, 50 °C water exposure for 10,000 h, and 1,000 pressure cycles. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; component validation must include long-term creep, hydrolysis, and thermal shock testing.
High-stiffness recreational structures made from this grade include snowboard binding baseplates, ski crampon frames, bicycle pedal bodies, and telescopic pole clamping blocks, where a dry flexural modulus above 16,000 MPa measured per ISO 178:2019 and a dry tensile modulus of 18,000 MPa to 22,000 MPa permit thinner wall sections than unfilled PA12 without sacrificing cold-temperature stiffness. Chemical compliance is documented against REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU; product-specific mechanical validation for bicycle parts is generally performed according to ISO 4210-2:2015, while snowboard binding assemblies are tested to brand-level protocols because no single harmonized material standard defines all binding geometries. The compound is injection-molded neat; the 65 wt% glass fiber loading is not increased further, because higher filler fractions cause melt-layer separation at the gate and visible fiber bundles on the cosmetic surface. A hot runner system with manifold temperature of 265 °C to 280 °C, valve gate tip diameters of 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm, and mold temperature of 100 °C to 120 °C is used. After demolding, parts are annealed at 120 °C for 2 h in an air-circulating oven to relieve molded-in stress and reduce post-shrinkage before dimensional inspection. Terminal finished parts are snowboard binding baseplates, ski crampon frames, bicycle pedal bodies, and high-load telescopic pole clamping blocks, with impact testing at -20 °C and 23 °C according to ISO 179-1:2010 specified by downstream equipment brands.
For low-pressure hydraulic manifold blocks, valve stack spacers, and gear pump end covers, this grade is used where mineral oil exposure combined with dimensional stability eliminates unfilled PA12 because of excessive creep and eliminates PA6/66 because of moisture shift. Oil-contact compatibility is evaluated by immersion testing per ISO 1817:2015 in ISO VG 46 mineral oil at 100 °C for 168 h, with acceptance limits for volume change and mass change defined by the end user; machine-level safety is governed by ISO 4413:2010 for hydraulic system design. The formulation addition ratio is fixed at 65 wt% glass fiber; no additional internal release agent, nucleating agent, or glass fiber roving is recommended at the molding plant because changes in crystallinity and fiber-matrix adhesion produce inconsistent boss strength. Molding uses mold temperatures of 80 °C to 100 °C, injection speeds of 60 mm/s to 120 mm/s, and holding pressure 70 MPa to 110 MPa to compensate for solidification shrinkage anisotropy. Screw speed is limited to 0.3 m/s surface velocity, and melt residence time is kept below 10 min to avoid black specks and viscosity drift. Terminal parts are hydraulic valve stack spacers, gear pump end covers, and low-pressure accumulator end caps, where repeated pressure pulsations up to 0.8 MPa and continuous oil exposure at 60 °C to 80 °C require high dynamic modulus and thread boss durability. Operation above 100 °C under continuous hydraulic load is outside the recommended envelope for this specific grade.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-65H FWA black 9225 is a heat-stabilized, 65% glass-fiber reinforced polyamide 12 injection-molding compound supplied as black 9225-colored pellets. The grade belongs to the Grilamid L family, in which the long aliphatic C12 backbone reduces equilibrium moisture uptake relative to PA6 and PA66. The FWA suffix identifies the stabilization and processing package; black 9225 defines the pigment batch. The conditioned designation refers to specimens equilibrated at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity in accordance with ISO 291 or the supplier’s internal conditioning procedure. The conditioned state is the preferred basis for room-temperature mechanical design because it approaches service moisture levels in many indoor and covered outdoor applications.
This material occupies a high-stiffness position among polyamide 12 grades because the 65% by weight glass-fiber loading raises tensile and flexural modulus substantially above that of 30% and 50% glass-reinforced Grilamid grades. The same filler content suppresses ductility, so the material is specified for structural and enclosure-type parts rather than snap-fits, clips with high deflection, or living hinges. Main selection drivers are low moisture-induced dimensional change, low density relative to metal, and resistance to many automotive fluids.
Moisture conditioning alters hydrogen bonding and the effective matrix stiffness of the polyamide phase. Under ISO 62 at 23 °C and 50% RH, polyamide 12 typically reaches an equilibrium moisture content between 0.5% and 0.8% by mass. PA66 under the same exposure commonly reaches 2.0% to 2.5%. The lower equilibrium moisture content means that conditioned values for glass-filled PA12 remain closer to dry-as-molded values than conditioned PA66 grades, particularly for tensile modulus and flexural modulus. Notched impact energy generally rises after conditioning, while tensile strength and modulus decrease.
At 65% glass loading, the fiber network dominates the elastic response, so the moisture-induced softening is smaller than in unreinforced polyamide 12. However, the change is not negligible in precision structural parts. A design based only on dry-as-molded ISO 527-1/-2 data can overestimate stiffness and underestimate creep at equilibrium moisture. Conditioned specimens should be used for dimensional, creep, and fatigue verification in room-temperature applications.
Electrical behavior also shifts with moisture. Surface resistivity decreases as moisture content rises, although the carbon black pigment in black 9225 may dominate surface conductivity. For applications with specific electrostatic discharge or insulation requirements, the conditioned surface resistivity should be measured under IEC 62631-3-2 rather than inferred from dry-as-molded data.
Molding of a 65% glass-filled polyamide 12 requires a wear-protected plasticizing unit and a screw geometry designed for fibers. Barrel temperatures are normally set between 240 °C in the feed section and 290 °C at the nozzle. The exact profile depends on screw recovery, part wall thickness, and gate geometry. Mold wall temperatures of 80 °C to 120 °C improve fiber wetting and surface resin coverage while avoiding excessive cycle-time extension. Low screw back pressure, typically below 0.5 MPa hydraulic, and peripheral screw speed below 0.3 m/s reduce glass-fiber attrition during recovery.
Pre-drying is required when opened bags are exposed to ambient air above 60% relative humidity for more than 8 h. Drying at 80 °C for 4 h to 6 h in a desiccant dryer to a residual moisture level below 0.1% is recommended before molding. Overdrying is not typically harmful for unreinforced PA12, but long residence at high temperature can degrade the stabilization package or cause black 9225 color shift. Melt residence time should be kept below 10 min when the barrel is at the upper end of the profile.
Hot runner systems should use large flow channels and low-shear manifold geometry. Cold sprue and runner systems increase pressure loss and can cause fiber breakage through abrupt changes in cross-section. For thin-wall parts, sequential valve gating can displace weld lines to lower-stress regions. The processing window is narrower than that of a 30% glass-filled grade because the higher viscosity and more abrasive filler amplify the effects of low melt temperature, insufficient pack pressure, and inadequate venting.
At 65% glass loading, the melt viscosity is substantially higher than in unreinforced PA12 or 30% glass-filled compounds. Injection pressure at the screw tip can exceed 100 MPa for thin-wall geometries with long flow lengths. The shear-thinning response means that higher injection velocity can reduce filling pressure, but it also raises shear heating. Local melt temperature above 300 °C can degrade the matrix, producing silver streaks, delamination near the gate, or loss of impact energy.
Tooling wear is a primary cost driver in continuous production. Screw tips, check rings, and non-return valves constructed from powder-metallurgy high-speed steel or carbide-reinforced alloys are used for high-volume molding. Prototype molds often use hardened tool steel with a surface hardness of 55 HRC or higher, while high-wear gate inserts in production tooling may specify 62 HRC or above. Parting-line venting of 0.02 mm to 0.03 mm depth is necessary to prevent gas burns at the end of fill. The glass fibers also create anisotropic shrinkage; the moldmaker should expect lower shrinkage in the flow direction than in the transverse direction.
Weld-line strength in 65% glass-filled polyamide 12 is limited. A weld line may retain only 30% to 55% of the unwelded tensile strength, depending on melt temperature, mold temperature, and gas venting. Critical areas should be subjected to microtome or X-ray computed tomography to evaluate fiber distribution, voids, and glass-fiber length. The use of high injection velocity and a melt cushion of 3 mm to 6 mm reduces weld-line visible flow marks but cannot restore full mechanical continuity.
The following comparative window is derived from public polymer-engineering literature for conditioned and dry-as-molded 65% glass-filled polyamide 12. It is not a substitute for the manufacturer’s current datasheet for EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-65H FWA black 9225, because pigment batch, conditioning history, and specific production lot affect measured results.
| Property | Dry-as-molded reference | Conditioned at 23 °C / 50% RH reference | Standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.63–1.69 g/cm³ | 1.63–1.69 g/cm³ | ISO 1183-1 |
| Tensile modulus | 17,500–19,500 MPa | 14,500–16,500 MPa | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Tensile strength at break | 180–200 MPa | 135–155 MPa | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Elongation at break | 1.8–2.5% | 2.5–3.5% | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Notched Charpy impact at 23 °C | 10–13 kJ/m² | 14–18 kJ/m² | ISO 179-1/1eA |
| Heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa | 205–215 °C | 200–210 °C | ISO 75-1/-2 |
The table values are presented as ranges because glass-fiber length distribution, orientation, and moisture conditioning vary with equipment and specimen preparation. Lot-specific values from the current product datasheet may fall at the upper or lower edge of these ranges. For safety-critical components, the manufacturer’s quality agreement and incoming resin inspection should define the acceptance window.
Mold shrinkage for this compound is anisotropic. Flow-direction shrinkage is generally lower than transverse shrinkage due to fiber alignment. Typical values for 65% glass-filled PA12 fall between 0.1% and 0.3% in the flow direction and between 0.4% and 0.7% transverse, depending on gate type, wall thickness, and mold temperature. Shrinkage should be determined on plaques molded according to ISO 294-4, not inferred from unfilled PA12 data. These values are reference windows and must be confirmed for a specific tool geometry.
Differential shrinkage creates internal residual stress. In flat plates or connector housings with non-uniform wall thickness, warpage may occur even when the average dimensional change is small. Mold filling simulation with fiber orientation models can predict warpage trends but requires accurate fiber length and orientation data. Prototype tooling should include at least two gate locations to allow weld-line repositioning and warpage correction before steel is hardened.
Post-mold moisture conditioning further modifies dimensions. A dry-as-molded part may grow by 0.05% to 0.15% in wall thickness after equilibration at 23 °C and 50% RH. Geometric inspection should therefore be performed after conditioning, not immediately after ejection. If parts are used in dry-as-molded conditions, aging at 80 °C for 24 h can stabilize dimensions but may alter impact behavior.
Polyamide 12 is frequently selected for fuel system components, coolant lines, pump housings, and chassis parts because the C12 chain reduces susceptibility to zinc chloride stress cracking compared with PA66. The glass reinforcement increases stiffness but does not protect the matrix from hydrolytic or oxidative attack. Chemical resistance should be evaluated according to ASTM D543-20 or the relevant OEM test specification for each fluid. Strong acids, concentrated formic acid, phenols, and certain oxidizing agents attack the polyamide matrix. Alcohols and glycols may plasticize the surface and reduce modulus at elevated temperature.
Regulatory documentation for black 9225 should be obtained from the current EMS-Grivory regulatory statement. Typical declarations cover Directive 2011/65/EU as amended for RoHS and Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 for REACH SVHC. No food-contact status should be inferred unless the manufacturer provides a separate written statement under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 or 21 CFR 177.1500 for the specific pigment and stabilization package. The carbon black in black 9225 can reduce surface resistivity and may affect adhesion of paints, adhesives, or laser marking contrast; these effects should be tested on production-textured surfaces rather than on polished laboratory plaques.
Relative to a 60% glass-fiber PA66, the 65% glass-filled PA12 typically offers lower density and lower moisture uptake, which improves dimensional stability in humid environments. Compared with a 50% glass-filled PA12 grade, the 65% version raises tensile modulus but reduces notched impact energy and increases melt viscosity. A 65% glass-filled semi-aromatic polyphthalamide may offer higher strength retention above 120 °C, but it generally has higher density, higher processing temperature, and lower resistance to zinc chloride stress cracking. The selection therefore depends on whether the part sees continuous high temperature or moisture/chemical exposure.
In automotive coolant circuits, a 65% glass-filled PA12 may be used for pump impellers and thermostat housings where the fluid is a 50:50 water-glycol mixture. However, continuous exposure to hot water above 120 °C will reduce tensile strength retention over time due to hydrolysis of the polyamide backbone. In such cases, the OEM must validate the part using time-temperature superposition or long-term aging per ISO 11346. Published data for this specific configuration is limited beyond the manufacturer’s long-term aging program, so validation testing at the intended temperature and fluid concentration is mandatory.
Polyamide 12 retains low-temperature flexibility better than many semi-aromatic polyamides, but a 65% glass-fiber loading creates strong anisotropy. Notched impact energy at −40 °C may be lower than at 23 °C, and the reduction is greater in transverse orientation and at weld lines. Applications such as gear housings, structural brackets, and pump impellers subjected to cold-start loading should be tested with instrumented impact equipment at the minimum service temperature. The test should use notched and unnotched specimens according to ISO 179-1 or ISO 180, but the values from standardized specimens do not automatically transfer to complex parts with varying fiber orientation.
Fatigue assessment for 65% glass-filled polyamide 12 should follow ISO 13003 or an equivalent component-level test protocol. Fiber orientation, voids, and weld-line quality control the fatigue scatter. A fatigue crack can initiate at a glass-fiber cluster, a void, or a weak knit line. For parts exposed to road salt, constant-strain testing under ISO 22088-1 or ISO 22088-2 can indicate susceptibility to environmental stress cracking.
Thermo-oxidative aging is the dominant lifetime limit at elevated temperature. The heat deflection temperature under ISO 75-1/-2 at 1.8 MPa is often reported above 200 °C for dry specimens, but this is a short-term thermal softening index, not a continuous-use temperature. Continuous exposure above 120 °C requires tensile strength retention data after 1,000 h and 2,000 h aging at the target temperature. If no published data exist for this exact grade, a conservative design should use an aging program based on ISO 11346 and a safety factor that accounts for glass-fiber orientation and part thickness.
