| HS Code | 182313 |
| Density | 1.23 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Modulus | 6500 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 100 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 3% |
| Flexural Modulus | 6000 MPa |
| Charpy Notched Impact | 7 kJ/m² |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Hdt A 1 80 Mpa | 150 °C |
| Hdt B 0 45 Mpa | 170 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B50 | 175 °C |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.4% |
| Volume Resistivity | 1.0e14 Ω·cm |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LV-23H PA12-GF23 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Grilamid® LV-23H PA12-GF23 is supplied in sealed moisture-proof packaging, containing 25 kg of granules per bag to preserve quality. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading: Palletized, stretch-wrapped bags of Grilamid LV-23H, secured for safe transport. Max weight per container optimized. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® LV-23H PA12-GF23 ships as a non-hazardous thermoplastic granulate. It is supplied in moisture-barrier sealed bags, ideally on pallets, and should be kept dry and away from direct heat. Standard ground or air freight is suitable; no DG declaration required. Handle carefully to prevent bag damage and moisture absorption. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid® LV-23H in its original, sealed container in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep the container tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption, which can degrade the PA12-GF23 pellets. Ideal storage temperature is below 30°C. Use within recommended shelf life to ensure optimal processing and performance. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years when stored sealed, dry, cool, and protected from moisture and UV light. |
EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-23H PA12-GF23 is processed for automotive quick-connect fittings without further glass addition because the pellet already carries 23 wt% glass fiber dispersed in a PA12 matrix. In production formulation, virgin LV-23H is typically charged as 100 wt%; clean, dried runner regrind is incorporated at up to 15 wt% only after residual moisture is confirmed below 0.10%, and carbon black or color masterbatch is added at 1–2 wt% without altering the glass fiber fraction. Compliance for gasoline vapor and liquid quick connectors is anchored to SAE J2044 for quick-connect coupling performance, with additional validation against fuel permeation and thermal cycling carried out under SAE J1737 and ISO 16750-4 where OEM specifications require international alignment. Injection molding of multi-cavity connector tools on 80–120 t machines uses valve-gated hot-runner drops to suppress cold-slug formation; barrel profiles fall within 250–280 °C, no individual zone should exceed 280 °C, and mold temperatures are held at 40–80 °C. The process window is narrower than that of unreinforced PA12 because fiber orientation at the retention barb root controls pull-off force. Weld-line positioning is constrained by two opposing gate locations; a single central gate produces a weld line across the barb root and lowers retention force under SAE J2044 pull-off protocol. Moisture control is the primary batch-to-batch variance point: pre-drying at 80 °C in desiccant dryers with −25 °C dew point to below 0.10% residual moisture is required before molding. Failure to dry produces splay on the sealing cone and intermittent insertion force drift during downstream assembly. The quick connector bodies are annealed at 110–120 °C for 1–2 h in forced-air ovens after ejection where dimensional stability under fuel exposure is specified by OEM validation. Terminal finished components include fuel line quick connectors, vapor canister ports, fuel filter inlet and outlet fittings, and fuel rail retention clips. An operational boundary is that the grade should not be used in direct contact with methanol above 40 °C without validation, because PA12 absorbs methanol at elevated temperature and dimensional movement can compromise connector retention.
Published data for this specific configuration is limited, but the fixed 23 wt% glass fiber fraction in EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-23H restricts post-molding shrinkage to a range that allows busbar carrier slots to maintain a repeatable creepage path under cyclic thermal load. Formulation addition consists of the as-received pellet at 100 wt%; the heat-stabilized PA12 carrier is selected because the fiber loading is already incorporated, and further dilution with unfilled PA12 is not recommended below 20 wt% fiber because tensile modulus and creepage path retention move outside the validated design envelope. Electrical insulation requirements are assessed under IEC 60664-1 for creepage and clearance coordination, UL 94 HB for flame class where specified, and IEC 62660-1 may be referenced by pack integrators for cell carrier mechanical reliability. Injection molding of busbar carriers on 100–150 t direct-clamp machines uses sequential valve gating across chain-forming cavities to move weld lines away from busbar locator ribs. Melt temperature is held at 260–280 °C, mold temperature at 60–80 °C, and packing pressure is maintained for 0.6–1.2 s/mm of nominal wall thickness. Fiber orientation perpendicular to the creepage path raises tracking sensitivity; weld lines crossing live terminals are therefore not acceptable. Batch-to-batch variance in fiber length distribution after plastication is controlled using a screw with low compression ratio 1.8:1–2.2:1 and a radiused check ring to limit glass fiber attrition. At melt temperatures above 290 °C, PA12 matrix degradation produces detectable black specks and a characteristic fume; thermocouple profiles are therefore biased lower in the rear zones. The component design minimum wall thickness is 1.5 mm; below this, glass fibers orient along the flow path, and edge cracking during terminal insertion may lower insertion force retention. Terminal finished parts include module busbar supports, cell holder frames, high-voltage connector housings, and HV interlock bracket bodies. The grade is not a substitute for CTI-optimized PBT or PPA where a comparative tracking index above 600 V is required.
In compressed-air distribution networks operating at inlet pressures from 0.6 MPa to 1.0 MPa, PA12-GF23 fitting bodies are molded directly from Grilamid LV-23H without additional reinforcing filler; the supplied 23 wt% glass fiber content provides the hoop strength needed to resist thread torque and collet spread loads. A production formulation uses 100 wt% as-supplied pellets, with dried regrind limited to 10 wt% because repeated melt residence shortens fiber length and lowers burst pressure retention. Industry compliance is tested under ISO 14743 for push-in fittings and ISO 8573-1 for compressed-air purity where oil mist contact may occur; thread torque resistance is verified under ISO 228-1 thread geometry by applying assembly torque during ultrasonic welding of fittings to manifolds. Production of threaded and push-in bodies uses multi-cavity tools with unscrewing cores on 80–120 t injection machines; melt temperature is controlled at 255–275 °C, mold temperature at 55–75 °C, and packing pressure is reduced after 3–5 s to avoid gate blush on sealing faces. The critical failure mode observed on production lines is weld-line root porosity at the collet retention collar caused by low melt temperature or insufficient packing; such defects lower burst pressure in ISO 14743 end-of-line testing. Glass fiber orientation at the central mandrel gate creates anisotropic shrinkage; the through-hole diameter can vary between cavities by 0.02–0.05 mm if packing duration is not matched to cavity fill time. Hot-runner balancing is therefore adjusted to ±2 °C across nozzles, and mold temperature uniformity is maintained within ±5 °C across the insert. Terminal finished components include push-in fittings, flow-control valves, modular manifold blocks, and port plugs. Continuous exposure to high ozone concentrations above 40 °C should be pre-validated under ISO 1431-1 ozone cracking methodology before use in specialized circuits.
EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-23H PA12-GF23 is used for heavy-duty cable ties where installation temperature may fall below −20 °C, because the PA12 matrix retains lower moisture absorption than PA6 or PA66 and the 23 wt% glass fiber increases tensile yield. The formulation is processed at 100 wt% as supplied; no impact modifier is added for standard ties, although a 2 wt% UV-stabilized color masterbatch is common for outdoor harness routing. Compliance for cable ties is evaluated under IEC 62275, which specifies loop tensile strength, installation force, and low-temperature flexing; railway applications may additionally require EN 45545-2 or NFPA 130 depending on vehicle type. Production is performed on high-speed injection molding machines with 16–64 cavity tools and stack molds; melt temperature is maintained at 260–280 °C, mold temperature at 50–70 °C, and cycle time is 6–12 s for typical 2.5 mm cross-section ties. The notch at the locking pawl is the highest stress concentration; gate placement into the tie head is used to reduce flow marks and fiber breakage at the pawl root. Terminal finished products include heavy-duty cable ties, fiber optic cable clamps, harness support brackets, and strain-relief clips. Immediate clamping of freshly molded ties at −40 °C can produce brittle fracture if the tie is not fully annealed after molding; some processors anneal at 100–110 °C for 1–2 h to reduce residual stress.
For pump impellers and valve bodies circulating glycol-water mixtures at temperatures below 80 °C, EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-23H PA12-GF23 is selected because the glass fiber loading of 23 wt% reduces adhesive wear against stainless steel shafts compared with unfilled PA12, while the PA12 matrix keeps moisture-induced dimensional change below that of PA6 grades. Formulation addition for wear-intensive components often includes 5–15 wt% polytetrafluoroethylene, but this addition lowers tensile modulus; when PTFE is compounded on the converter’s line, the final material is no longer LV-23H as delivered and requires separate validation. Chemical resistance is benchmarked under ISO 175 immersion testing, and hydrostatic pressure rating of molded valve bodies is evaluated under ISO 9080 long-term hydrostatic strength methodology; the grade is applied to non-potable industrial water circuits where drinking-water approval is not required. Production of thick-walled impellers uses injection molding with screw recovery delays to prevent melt stagnation; barrel temperatures are set to 250–275 °C, mold temperature to 60–80 °C, and cooling time is increased by 10–20 s/mm over thin-wall parts because glass fiber accelerates skin freezing and can create internal voids in sections above 6 mm. Terminal products include pump impellers, diffuser plates, valve bodies, filter housings, and water meter register covers. The operational limit is that continuous exposure to water above 80 °C combined with glycol above 50% may reduce tensile modulus at a rate faster than dry heat aging; published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Adoption of EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-23H PA12-GF23 in ski touring binding plates and crampon clip systems is a direct extension of its 23 wt% glass fiber reinforcement and low-temperature impact behavior. The material is injected at 100 wt% as supplied; a 2 wt% UV-stabilized masterbatch is incorporated for high-altitude outdoor exposure, and no additional fiber is added. Compliance is typically evaluated under ISO 13992 for touring ski bindings, with mechanical release verification performed on the assembled binding rather than on the polymer alone. Production of binding plates uses insert overmolding of metallic threaded bushings; melt temperature is 250–270 °C, mold temperature 40–60 °C, and pack pressure is maintained until gate freeze to avoid sink at the insert interface. Terminal products include touring binding plates, crampon adjustment clips, and cable routing brackets. Because outdoor service involves repeated UV exposure and notch-generating contact with metal edges, pre-drying at 80 °C to below 0.10% residual moisture is mandatory to prevent hydrolysis during melt processing.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LV-23H is classified under ISO 1043 as PA12-GF23, a heat-stabilised polyamide 12 homopolymer with a nominal glass-fibre loading of 23% by weight. The grade is supplied as free-flowing cylindrical pellets and is normally converted by injection moulding. In dry-as-moulded condition, representative tensile modulus values lie near 4.2–5.0 GPa when tested to ISO 527-1/-2; conditioned values are lower because of moisture plasticisation of the PA12 matrix. The compound combines the intrinsically low equilibrium moisture uptake of polyamide 12 with the stiffness contribution of short glass fibre. Published application examples include fuel-system quick connectors, pneumatic line components, cable brackets, and industrial housings where aliphatic-hydrocarbon contact and ambient humidity dominate. The glass content raises heat-deflection performance well above that of unreinforced PA12, while the PA12 backbone retains better chemical resistance to greases, salt solutions, and non-polar media than typical PA6 or PA66 compounds. The material must be dried before melt processing because residual moisture above 0.10% by weight can generate hydrolysis, surface streaking, and reduced tensile elongation during plastication. For compounding, short-glass PA12 grades of this type are conventionally produced on co-rotating twin-screw extruders with L/D ratios of 40–48 and side-fed glass roving to limit fibre attrition; published fibre-length-distribution data for this exact grade are limited.
Reinforcement at 23% by weight places the mechanical profile between unreinforced PA12 and a PA12-GF30 compound. Unreinforced PA12 typically shows a dry tensile modulus near 1.3–1.6 GPa and a heat deflection temperature below 55°C at 1.8 MPa, with elongation at break above 100%. In Grilamid LV-23H, the glass fibre raises tensile modulus to approximately 4.2–5.0 GPa, reduces elongation to 3–7%, and raises HDT/A to 155–170°C under ISO 75-2. Compared with PA12-GF30, the 23% glass loading trades roughly 10–15% of tensile modulus for improved melt flow, lower melt viscosity, and more uniform shrinkage in parts with abrupt wall-thickness transitions. The lower fibre volume also reduces tool wear and decreases the tendency for severe knit-line weakness, although weld lines in glass-reinforced parts remain strength-limiting. Table 1 gives representative dry comparative data drawn from standard grade baselines; lot-specific certificates should be used for design calculations.
| Property | Test method | Grilamid LV-23H | Unreinforced PA12 | PA12-GF30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.19–1.24 g/cm³ | 1.01–1.03 g/cm³ | 1.25–1.28 g/cm³ |
| Tensile modulus, dry | ISO 527-1/-2 | 4200–5000 MPa | 1300–1600 MPa | 5500–6500 MPa |
| Tensile strength at break, dry | ISO 527-1/-2 | 90–115 MPa | 40–50 MPa | 100–120 MPa |
| Elongation at break, dry | ISO 527-1/-2 | 3–7% | >100% | 2–4% |
| Charpy notched impact, 23°C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 7–12 kJ/m² | no break | 8–12 kJ/m² |
| HDT/A, 1.8 MPa | ISO 75-2 | 155–170°C | 50–55°C | 160–180°C |
On production injection moulding lines, pre-drying is performed in a desiccant dryer at 80°C for 4–6 hours, with a supply-air dew point of -30°C or lower. Weight-loss moisture analysis should confirm residual moisture below 0.10% before melt processing. Barrel settings from feed to nozzle are typically 220°C, 250°C, 260°C, and 255°C, with the melt temperature held between 240°C and 260°C. Mould temperatures from 40°C to 80°C are usable; the upper portion of this range improves crystallinity and moulded-part dimensional stability but increases cycle time. On a 25 mm reciprocating screw, a starting screw speed of 80–150 min⁻¹ and back pressure of 2–5 MPa are common. Decompression should be limited to prevent air entrapment and oxidation in the melt stream. If melt residence time exceeds 10 minutes at processing temperature, yellowing and progressive reduction in notched impact strength are observed. At temperatures above 270°C, the risk of matrix degradation increases sharply. Batch-to-batch glass content is normally controlled to roughly ±1 wt% by ash content to ISO 3451-1; moulded-part density can shift by up to 0.02 g/cm³ if gas-assisted injection or foaming processes alter glass distribution. Hot-runner systems with externally heated manifolds are preferred over internally heated designs because PA12 melts exhibit shear heating, and gate lands should be at least 70% of adjacent wall thickness to reduce fibre breakage at the gate.
The moulding window of Grilamid LV-23H is narrower than that of unreinforced PA12 because the glass network increases viscosity and solidifies the melt more rapidly after injection. Filling pressures at transfer commonly range from 60 MPa to 120 MPa for flow-length-to-wall-thickness ratios near 150:1. Packing pressure is typically set at 50–70% of peak filling pressure, and holding time should be determined by gate-seal time rather than part freezing time alone. Mould shrinkage measured to ISO 294-4 on a 60 mm × 60 mm × 2 mm plaque is typically 0.3–0.5% parallel to flow and 0.6–0.8% transverse to flow for short-glass PA12 compounds; actual values vary with gate location, packing pressure, mould temperature, and fibre orientation. Regrind can be incorporated at 25–30% with acceptable property retention in many non-safety components, but each regrind pass reduces mean fibre length by 10–20% and may lower notched impact strength. Fibre-length analysis of moulded polyamide parts generally shows post-mould mean glass fibre lengths of 200–400 µm, depending on screw design and gate shear. In valve-gated hot-runner systems, sequential opening can move weld lines to lower-stress locations, but the resulting knit lines may retain only 40–60% of the strength of continuous-glass regions when tested to ISO 527-2 or ISO 8256.
Chemical exposure and compliance boundaries are application-specific. The PA12 matrix provides resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons, greases, and many salt solutions, but the grade is not intended for prolonged immersion in strong acids, phenols, or ethanol-based fuels above 60°C without component-level chemical-resistance testing. Regulatory declarations are batch-specific. EMS-Grivory supplies this grade under REACH registration and normally confirms compliance with RoHS 2011/65/EU, including the recast and delegated Directive EU 2015/863, for restricted substances. UL 94 flammability classification for short-glass PA12 compounds is commonly HB, depending on wall thickness and colour; the grade is not inherently flame-retardant. Food-contact status under FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 or EU 10/2011 is not implied unless a specific lot and formulation are confirmed for the intended food-contact application. The heat stabiliser system provides oxidative-aging resistance for elevated-temperature air exposure, but it does not by itself provide long-term UV stability for outdoor service; carbon-black or UV-stabilised variants should be specified where outdoor weathering is required.
In fluid-system connectors, the substitution of PA66-GF30 with Grilamid LV-23H changes moisture uptake and dimensional stability. PA66-GF30 typically absorbs 1.5–2.5% moisture at 23°C/50% RH under ISO 62, whereas PA12-GF23 absorbs 0.6–0.8% under the same conditioning. The resulting linear dimensional change after moisture uptake is usually 40–60% lower for PA12-GF23, reducing post-moulding movement in snap-fit clearances and press-fit tolerances. Differential scanning calorimetry to ISO 11357-3 gives a melting temperature near 178°C for PA12; however, continuous hot-air service is limited by oxidative stability of the heat-stabilisation package, not merely by the crystalline melting point. Short-term excursions to 150°C may be acceptable for unstressed parts, but long-term exposure must be validated by accelerated oven aging to ISO 188 or an equivalent OEM method. In glycol-based coolant systems above 90°C, PA66-GF30 may provide better hydrolysis resistance. In aliphatic-hydrocarbon fuel or oil contact and ambient underhood air, PA12-GF23 generally maintains more stable modulus at low moisture uptake. Table 2 compares the two compounds for replacement evaluations.
| Property | Grilamid LV-23H | PA66-GF30 | Test method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water uptake at 23°C/50% RH | 0.6–0.8% | 1.5–2.5% | ISO 62 |
| Tensile modulus, dry | 4200–5000 MPa | 8500–9500 MPa | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Tensile modulus, conditioned | 3000–4000 MPa | 5000–6500 MPa | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| HDT/A, 1.8 MPa | 155–170°C | 240–250°C | ISO 75-2 |
| Melting temperature | 176–180°C | 255–265°C | ISO 11357-3 |
| Density | 1.19–1.24 g/cm³ | 1.35–1.40 g/cm³ | ISO 1183-1 |
Operating limits include weld-line sensitivity and anisotropic shrinkage. Glass-fibre orientation produces higher strength parallel to flow than transverse to flow, and knit lines in glass-reinforced PA12 are typically weaker than the surrounding oriented material. Mould-filling simulation followed by mechanical testing to ISO 527-2 or ISO 8256 is required for load-bearing multi-gated components. The grade is not intended for continued immersion in strong acid or alkaline solutions, and published data for long-term fuel permeation, hot-oil aging, and coolant exposure in this specific configuration are limited; component validation on production tooling is therefore required. Standard nitrided screws are acceptable for short production runs, but bimetallic barrels and wear-resistant screw surfaces may be needed for sustained glass-filled compounding or high-throughput moulding.
