| HS Code | 984120 |
| Product | EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-23 ESD |
| Material | Nylon 12 (PA12), 23% glass fiber filled, conditioned |
| Density | 1.24 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Modulus | 6000 MPa |
| Tensile Stress At Break | 85 MPa |
| Tensile Strain At Break | 4% |
| Flexural Modulus | 5500 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched | 8 kJ/m² |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 8 Mpa | 170 °C |
| Volume Resistivity | 1e6 ohm·cm |
| Surface Resistivity | 1e7 ohm/sq |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-23 ESD Nylon 12, 23% Glass Fiber Filled, Conditioned factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in sealed moisture-barrier 25 kg bags, conditioned to preserve low moisture content and ensure consistent electrostatic-dissipative performance. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: 23% glass-filled nylon 12 pellets loaded on pallets, secured, conditioned, standard dry container transport. |
| Shipping | Ship Grilamid LV-23 ESD Nylon 12 in sealed, moisture-barrier bags with desiccant to maintain conditioned state. Use ESD-safe packaging to prevent static accumulation. Protect against impact and crushing to avoid damage to glass fibers. Label clearly as hygroscopic, electrostatically dissipative material. Store cool, dry, away from direct sunlight. |
| Storage | Store in original, sealed packaging in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture. Keep container tightly closed to prevent hygroscopic absorption, which degrades properties. Ideal temperature 20–25°C (68–77°F). Avoid exposure to UV radiation, ozone, and static-discharge sources. Ensure product remains conditioned before use. |
| Shelf Life | Under proper storage conditions (sealed, cool, dry), the shelf life is typically 2 years from date of manufacture. |
In 300 mm semiconductor wafer handling, end plates for stackable process cassettes are injection-moulded from Grilamid LV-23 ESD because the 23 wt% glass fibre loading produces a conditioned flexural modulus in the range of 3,000–4,000 MPa when tested to ISO 178:2019 at 2 mm/min, while the dissipative filler system holds surface resistance within the range required by IEC 61340-5-1:2016 Table 1 for ESD control items used in an EPA. Mould temperature is held at 60–80°C rather than the low end of the PA12 range because a tool temperature below 50°C can create a resin-rich skin that increases surface resistance above 1.0×1010 Ω when measured with a 2.27 kg electrode under IEC 61340-2-3. The granulate is pre-dried at 80°C in a desiccant dryer with a -40°C dew point to residual moisture below 0.08% by mass by Karl Fischer titration; moisture above this threshold produces splay at the gate and reduces tensile strength in the flow direction. Glass fibre orientation near edge gates creates anisotropic shrinkage of approximately 0.3% in the flow direction and 0.8–1.0% in the transverse direction after 48 h at 23°C, so the tool requires asymmetric shrinkage allowance. The part is conditioned after moulding for 14 days at 23°C/50% RH before ESD audit because dry-as-moulded parts can show artificially high surface resistivity from frozen-in orientation and because conditioned flexural values control the stacking deflection calculation. Published data for this specific cassette configuration is limited; verification of flatness and surface resistance on production tools remains mandatory.
Thin-walled gas detector housings for Zone 2 and Zone 22 classified areas are produced in 23% glass-filled ESD PA12 because the material can satisfy the electrostatic charge avoidance clause of IEC 60079-0:2017 for non-metallic enclosures when surface resistance is below 1.0×109 Ω at 23°C/50% RH. Wall sections of 1.2–1.6 mm create a specific processing risk: shear-induced orientation of the dissipative filler in the thin skin can form an insulating layer, and hot-runner dead spots at 260°C can degrade the additive after a residence time exceeding 8–10 minutes, shifting surface resistance upward by one to three orders of magnitude. Injection speed is set at 80–120 mm/s for a 1.4 mm wall to avoid jetting; fill time below 0.6 s tends to freeze the gate before full packing, producing sink marks that act as charge traps. The part is tested with a 2.27 kg ring electrode per IEC 61340-2-3 at 10 V and 100 V; acceptance is 1.0×106 to 1.0×109 Ω, with static decay below 2 s from +1,000 V to +100 V when charged per IEC 61340-2-1. Qualification should include 30% RH exposure because low humidity can shift carbon-based dissipative systems upward; if the part is installed in a ventilated gas panel operating below 25% RH, dry-conditioned testing is not optional.
| Measurement | Test method | Condition | Acceptance criterion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Surface resistance point-to-ground | IEC 61340-2-3 | 23°C, 50% RH, 100 V | 1.0×106 to <1.0×109 Ω |
| Static decay time | IEC 61340-2-1 | +1,000 V to +100 V | <2 s |
| Residual moisture | Karl Fischer titration | After 80°C desiccant drying | <0.08% by mass |
| Low-humidity surface resistance | IEC 61340-2-3 | 23°C, 30% RH, 100 V | Per end-use specification; upper limit verified on assembled part |
For gasoline direct injection fuel filter housings and quick-connect bushings, 23% glass-filled ESD PA12 is selected because the material combines fuel resistance with static dissipation across the fuel flow path. Continuous fuel temperature of 90°C and burst pressure of 10 bar require a wall thickness of 2.0–2.5 mm and an oil-heated tool at 60–80°C. The 23 wt% glass fibre loading raises the deflection temperature under 1.8 MPa to the 95–110°C range when tested per ISO 75-2/Ae, which is adequate for underbonnet thermal cycling but not for continuous exposure above 120°C. The dissipative filler modifies welding behaviour: hot-plate welding at 220–240°C with 0.2–0.4 mm melt penetration is preferred over through-transmission laser welding when both halves contain the ESD additive because the filler absorbs the 980 nm laser beam and prevents consistent melt formation at the interface. Weld-line burst strength after hot-plate joining typically falls to 55–65% of the nominal tensile strength measured on an ISO 527-2 type 1A specimen, so the joint area is designed with a 2.5× safety factor at the 10 bar burst requirement. Threaded brass inserts are ultrasonically inserted at 20 kHz with 0.15 mm interference; the glass fibre content can cause microcracking around the insert if the boss outside diameter is below 1.6× the insert diameter. For quick connectors, pull-out and pressure retention requirements are validated against SAE J2044; the material is pre-dried at 80°C to below 0.08% moisture because residual moisture at weld temperature reduces joint strength.
Across dual-lane SMT conveyor lines, PCB assembly roller sleeves made from Grilamid LV-23 ESD replace acetal and anodized aluminium sleeves where the part must be dissipative to prevent charged board damage and must resist abrasive wear from glass-fibre-reinforced epoxy substrates. The 23 wt% glass fibre filling increases compressive strength and reduces wear depth under 5 N dry sliding load; the conditioning effect at 23°C/50% RH reduces the tensile modulus by roughly 20–25% compared with dry-as-moulded data, so conveyor loading is calculated from conditioned values rather than dry datasheet strength. Sleeves with 8 mm outer diameter and 1.5 mm wall thickness are injected at 230–250°C melt temperature and 50–70°C mould temperature using a 0.8 mm round gate at the bearing seat to orient glass fibres radially and improve hoop stiffness. Surface resistance is verified after 48 h of conditioning at 23°C/50% RH; point-to-ground resistance is maintained between 1.0×106 Ω and 1.0×109 Ω per IEC 61340-2-3, and the part is accepted only if the static decay from ±1,000 V to ±100 V is below 2 s on a charged plate monitor. Batch-to-batch variation becomes visible as a matte surface with grey streaking when the regrind fraction exceeds 20%; this has been associated with filler agglomeration at the flow front and produces local resistance readings above 1.0×1010 Ω. Edge-gripper fingers and guide rails produced from the same grade require gate location at the fixed contact face because glass fibre orientation at the weld line can reduce local stiffness by 15–20% relative to the flow direction.
Where weight reduction below 0.4 kg per end effector is required and metallic particulate from anodized aluminium cannot be tolerated, semiconductor wafer transfer end effectors are injection-moulded from 23% glass-filled ESD PA12. The glass fibre content permits a thin 2.5 mm section with a conditioned flexural modulus sufficient to carry a 1 kg payload over a 250 mm length with deflection below 0.5 mm, provided the gate is placed at the root of the finger so flow direction aligns with the principal bending axis; transverse specimens cut from the same moulding show flexural modulus 15–20% lower under ISO 178:2019 because the fibres orient perpendicular to flow. This anisotropy forces a redesign of the rib pattern: traditional 1.0 mm ribs at 90° to flow show sink marks and lower stiffness compared with 0.7 mm ribs aligned with flow. Machining of moulded blanks to 0.05 mm flatness is performed after conditioning for 14 days at 23°C/50% RH, because dry-as-moulded parts continue to change dimension by 0.1–0.3% as they absorb moisture; tolerances machined before conditioning are not stable. ESD performance is assessed with an ANSI/ESD S20.20-2021 compliance plan, and the part is rejected if point-to-ground resistance exceeds 1.0×109 Ω at 12% RH due to the low-humidity operating environment of wafer fabs.
In longwall mining and tunnelling methane monitoring, sensor enclosures are injection-moulded from Grilamid LV-23 ESD because the 23% glass reinforcement raises conditioned impact strength, while the surface resistance remains low enough to avoid static charge accumulation on the enclosure in the presence of methane-air mixtures. Wall thickness is increased to 3.0–4.0 mm to meet impact testing after conditioning at 23°C/50% RH; brass threaded inserts for cable glands are installed with boss outside diameters at least 1.6× the insert diameter to prevent glass fibre microcracking. The conditioned PA12 absorbs less moisture than PA6 in the same environment, reducing the risk of dimensional shift in underground humidity above 80% RH; the granulate is supplied in sealed packaging and is dried at 80°C before moulding. Surface resistance is measured on the final assembled enclosure at 23°C/50% RH, including gaskets and brass inserts; the acceptance criterion is below 1.0×109 Ω per IEC 60079-0 for non-metallic enclosures used in explosive atmospheres. Because the grade is heat-stabilised, the enclosure can tolerate continuous use at 85°C in methane monitoring equipment; however, the dissipative filler can degrade at local hot-runner temperatures above 275°C, so hot-runner nozzles must be individually controlled and shielded from the nozzle tip.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-23 ESD is a 23% glass-fibre-reinforced polyamide 12 compound supplied by EMS-Chemie Holding AG for injection-moulded parts that must combine structural rigidity with electrostatic dissipation. The ISO 1043-1 designation is PA12-GF23; the ESD suffix identifies a static-dissipative modification that lowers surface resistivity from the insulating range of unreinforced and standard glass-filled PA12 into the electrically dissipative range. In the manufacturer’s datasheet convention, “conditioned” denotes test specimens equilibrated at 23 °C and 50 % RH or accelerated to equilibrium according to ISO 1110, rather than dry-as-moulded values. This distinction is material to design because the low equilibrium moisture uptake of PA12—commonly reported for the material class at 0.6 %–0.9 % by mass at 23 °C/50 % RH under ISO 62:2008—produces less plasticisation than PA6 or PA66 at the same conditioning state.
Typical application fields are static-safe enclosures, connector bodies, sensor housings, conveying equipment panels, and electronic packaging where uncontrolled electrostatic discharge can damage ESD-sensitive assemblies or interfere with automated handling. The grade is evaluated in such applications by surface resistivity measurement to IEC 62631-3-2:2016, because surface resistance is the dominant path for charge migration on moulded housings. Published lot-specific data for this exact configuration should be obtained from the EMS-Grivory certificate of analysis, particularly where the part is intended for use in an ATEX or IECEx hazardous-area enclosure requiring compliance to IEC 60079-0 and related constructional standards.
Standard PA12-GF23 without conductive modification normally exhibits surface resistivity above 10¹² Ω under IEC 62631-3-2. The ESD version is controlled into the dissipative range, commonly 10⁶ Ω to 10⁹ Ω, which prevents both triboelectric charge accumulation and the high leakage currents associated with fully conductive compounds. That distinguishes it from carbon-black-loaded antistatic grades, which frequently fall between 10⁹ Ω and 10¹² Ω, and from carbon-fibre-reinforced grades that can drop near 10³ Ω and may require supplementary insulation in electrical equipment. The 23% glass-fibre content provides higher tensile modulus and lower mould shrinkage than unfilled PA12, while the PA12 backbone contributes lower density and lower equilibrium moisture absorption than glass-filled PA6 or PA66. At 23 °C/50 % RH equilibrium, PA12 absorbs approximately 0.6 %–0.9 % moisture by mass, whereas PA6 grades may absorb 2.0 %–3.0 % under the same condition; under water saturation to ISO 62:2008, PA12 can absorb roughly 1.5 %, while PA6 may exceed 9 %. That differential influences dimensional changes, glass transition suppression, and possible drift in surface resistivity in humid service.
The test matrix used to characterise the product across EMS-Grivory documentation is summarised in Table 1. These references are specific to the measurement condition and should not be replaced by generic test-house procedures when qualifying moulded parts.
| Measured property | Reference method |
|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 |
| Tensile properties, dry and conditioned | ISO 527-1:2019, ISO 527-2:2012 |
| Charpy notched impact strength | ISO 179-1/1eA |
| Water absorption | ISO 62:2008 |
| Accelerated polyamide conditioning | ISO 1110:2019 |
| Surface and volume resistivity | IEC 62631-3-2:2016 |
| Comparative tracking index | IEC 60112:2020 |
| Flammability classification | UL 94 |
| Injection-moulding shrinkage | ISO 294-4:2018 |
Published mechanical data for the conditioned material class indicate that tensile modulus falls from a dry range of approximately 3,800–4,500 MPa to a conditioned range of approximately 2,500–3,600 MPa when measured to ISO 527-1/-2. Notched Charpy impact strength moves in the opposite direction under moisture absorption. These are material-class ranges and are not a substitute for the grade-specific certificate; lot-to-lot variation for ESD compounds can be wider than for unfilled grades because the conductive additive package and glass-fibre length distribution both influence mechanical and electrical response.
Processing begins with moisture control. The compound should be dried to residual moisture below 0.1 % by mass before melt processing. A dehumidifying desiccant dryer set at 80 °C for 4–12 h with a dew point of -30 °C or lower is the standard industrial configuration for glass-filled PA12. Insufficient drying produces surface splay, hydrolytic molecular-weight loss, and lot-to-lot inconsistency in mechanical performance. Hopper residence time should not exceed the dryer capacity recommended by the equipment supplier because PA12 can discolour under prolonged drying at elevated temperature.
The melt temperature measured at the nozzle should be maintained in the range of 250 °C to 290 °C. Barrel profiles must not exceed 300 °C at any zone, and material residence time in the barrel should be kept below 8 min where possible. The conductive ESD additive increases melt viscosity relative to unfilled PA12 and can generate additional shear heating. Therefore, screw speed and back pressure should be adjusted to limit melt-temperature overshoot rather than copied directly from standard PA12-GF23 processing sheets. Injection pressure at the screw tip typically falls between 80 MPa and 120 MPa, with holding pressure sufficient to reduce sink marks and control mould shrinkage. Clamping force can be estimated at 0.4–0.8 tonnes per cm² of projected area for thin-wall electronic housings, but actual requirements depend on wall thickness, flow length, and gate geometry.
Mould temperature is recommended between 40 °C and 80 °C. Tool temperatures below 40 °C may produce visible flow lines, poor knit-line strength, and higher residual stress at ejector pins. Tool temperatures above 80 °C extend cooling time and reduce cycle rate but improve dimensional stability and surface finish. Because glass fibre tends to orient in the flow direction, mould shrinkage is anisotropic; published data for the material class commonly show shrinkage of 0.2 %–0.6 % in the flow direction and 0.6 %–1.2 % transverse to flow when tested to ISO 294-4:2018. Gate location should be selected so that weld lines do not occur in mechanically loaded sections, because glass-fibre orientation at weld lines reduces local tensile strength and can create local surface-resistivity gradients in ESD compounds.
Glass-fibre reinforcement imposes wear on plasticising equipment. Screws, barrels, check rings, and nozzle tips should be manufactured from bimetallic or hardened powder-metallurgy steels to resist fibre-induced abrasion. Screw L/D ratios of 20:1 to 24:1 are common for glass-filled PA12. Back pressure should be kept low to moderate, typically 0.5–1.5 MPa, to avoid fibre attrition while maintaining melt homogeneity. Regrind use should be limited by the processor’s validated control plan; if regrind is used, published processing practice for glass-filled engineering thermoplastics often restricts it to a maximum of 30 % by mass to control cumulative fibre-length reduction, conductive-additive distribution, and black-spec formation. The ESD performance of reground material should be re-qualified by surface resistivity testing to IEC 62631-3-2:2016 because repeated heat history can shift conductive network formation.
Water absorption in polyamide reduces intermolecular hydrogen bonding and increases chain mobility. Consequently, conditioned PA12-GF23 shows lower tensile modulus and yield stress than dry-as-moulded material, while notched impact strength and elongation may increase. Design calculations should therefore use conditioned minimum values rather than dry typical values for load-bearing enclosures that operate at ambient humidity. The shift is smaller than for PA6 or PA66 because PA12 has lower equilibrium moisture uptake, but it remains measurable and must be included in finite-element input data.
Electrical response under moisture exposure is more complex. Some carbon-based or conductive-filler systems exhibit surface-resistivity drift as moisture modifies the polymer matrix and filler wetting. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, and no universal conductivity-humidity relationship should be assumed. Parts that require a stable ESD classification in humid service should be conditioned to ISO 1110 or aged at the expected service temperature and humidity before surface resistivity is measured to IEC 62631-3-2:2016. If the component is part of an ATEX/IECEx assembly, the complete housing—not only the raw resin—must be evaluated for charge transfer, external surface resistance, and creepage/clearance requirements under the relevant construction standard.
Chemical resistance is another boundary condition. PA12 generally resists aliphatic hydrocarbons, oils, greases, and many solvents; exposure testing is typically performed according to ISO 175:2010 or the end-user’s specific fluid compatibility protocol. Strong mineral acids, oxidising media, and certain chlorinated solvents can degrade the matrix or leach conductive additives at elevated temperature. UV exposure can also alter surface resistivity through polymer erosion. Therefore, outdoor use requires a UV-stabilised grade version, and the ESD integrity after weathering should be checked rather than inferred from black colour alone. For food-contact or medical applications, compliance to FDA 21 CFR 177.1500, EU 10/2011, or USP Class VI must be confirmed against the current grade-specific regulatory statement; compliance cannot be assumed from the PA12 base chemistry because the ESD additive package and glass fibre are part of the finished compound.
The practical application boundary is set by the interaction of modulus, moisture uptake, conductivity, and processing history. EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-23 ESD is therefore specified where a static-dissipative nylon 12 part must resist mechanical load at ambient humidity without the moisture-induced dimensional instability of PA6, and where the dissipative surface resistance must remain within a controlled range after conditioning. Parts should not be exposed to strongly oxidising acids, direct flame, or prolonged service above the heat distortion region defined by ISO 75-2. UL 94 classification should be confirmed against the current certificate for the specific colour and wall thickness because flammability ratings are thickness-dependent.
