| HS Code | 180987 |
| Product Name | EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-15H nat |
| Material Designation | PA12-GF15 |
| Glass Fiber Reinforcement | 15% |
| Density | 1.20 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Modulus | 5500 MPa |
| Tensile Stress At Break | 110 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 3.5% |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched 23 C | 10 kJ/m² |
| Melting Temperature | 178 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 55 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 80 Mpa | 150 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 175 °C |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LV-15H nat PA12-GF15 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 25 kg moisture-resistant sealed bags, ensuring dry, contamination-free delivery of Grilamid LV-15H nat PA12-GF15 granules. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loading of Grilamid® LV-15H nat PA12-GF15 pellets: palletized, secured, and protected for safe transit. |
| Shipping | EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LV-15H nat PA12-GF15 ships as injection-molding grade granules in sealed, moisture-resistant bags. Store in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight. Keep containers closed to prevent moisture uptake, and handle with standard PPE. Avoid exposure to excessive heat or humidity during transport. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid® LV-15H nat in its original, unopened packaging in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture. Keep the container sealed when not in use, as PA12 absorbs humidity. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically two years before processing. |
| Shelf Life | Properly stored in a cool, dry place, Grilamid LV-15H has an indefinite shelf life, with no degradation in properties. |
Where evaporative-emission line connectors are injection-moulded from Grilamid® LV-15H nat, the acceptance path is governed less by a single tensile figure than by the interaction of sour-gasoline resistance, dimensional stability after humidity cycling, and knit-line integrity at the retaining boss. The grade is a heat-stabilised 15 wt% glass-fibre-reinforced PA12 compound supplied in natural colour. For fuel-wetted quick-connector bodies, the formulation addition ratio is conventionally 100 wt% virgin compound, with regrind disallowed at 0 wt% because post-processed PA12 alters the extractable profile under the fuel-contact compatibility section of OEM validation protocols, which commonly reference ISO 175 immersion testing, and may shift the retaining-force retention after thermal ageing. Where black components are required for engine-bay UV protection, a PA12-carrier carbon-black masterbatch is metered at 1.0–2.0 wt% through a gravimetric blender mounted directly above the feed throat; a PA6-carrier masterbatch is avoided because it reduces local weld strength at the glass-fibre-depleted knit line. Material compliance is documented against ISO 527-2 for tensile modulus, ISO 179-1/1eA for notched Charpy impact after 1,000 h heat ageing at 120°C, SAE J2044 for quick-connector functional performance, and REACH Annex XVII plus RoHS 2011/65/EU for restricted-substance declarations.
The downstream production process is injection moulding on all-electric or hydraulic machines with clamp force selected from 60 t to 120 t depending on cavity count and projected area. Desiccant drying at 80°C for 4–8 h to a residual moisture level below 0.10 wt% is the first critical control; at melt temperatures of 250–270°C, free moisture causes hydrolytic chain scission and a measurable drop in molecular weight, shown in production audits as a 5–10% reduction in knit-line burst pressure. A three-zone screw with an L/D ratio of 20:1 and compression ratio of 2.0–2.4:1 is standard; back pressure is held at 4–8 MPa to avoid glass-fibre over-attrition. Melt temperature should be maintained between 250°C and 270°C, mould surface temperature between 60°C and 90°C, and hold pressure between 40 MPa and 60 MPa for multi-cavity tools. The most common failure mode is a weak weld line at the retaining-tab root, where two translucent glass-filled melt fronts meet and leave a resin-rich, fibre-poor boundary. Tool designers counter this by relocating gate positions so the weld line is shifted from the flexural hinge to a low-stress rib, and by using sequential valve-gate control where cavity imbalance exceeds ±0.4% by mass. Finished terminal product types include SAE J2044-compatible straight and elbow quick connectors, evaporative canister stem fittings, fuel-filter push-on collars, and retaining clips for vapour-line routing on light-duty gasoline and hybrid evaporative systems.
In compressed-air distribution networks, glass-reinforced PA12 is used for threaded bodies, collar nuts, and push-in release sleeves where zinc die-casting would impose secondary machining and corrosion-protection costs. The governing product standard for push-in fittings is ISO 14743, which defines dimensional compatibility with 4–14 mm thermoplastic tubing, mechanical strength after thermal ageing, and leakage under cyclic pressure; ISO 4414 provides system safety requirements for the compressed-air installation itself. For this segment, the formulation addition ratio is 100 wt% Grilamid® LV-15H nat when the component is pressure-bearing. Non-pressure-bearing collar nuts may incorporate up to 20 wt% of internally generated, non-appearance regrind if the plant has validated tensile and leak performance on the regrind-containing shot. Any colour masterbatch is limited to 1.5 wt% maximum, and the masterbatch carrier must be PA12 to prevent a second-phase PA6 domain from reducing burst strength at the thread root.
The downstream production process is typically multi-cavity injection moulding in 8–16-cavity tools with unscrewing cores to form internal parallel threads. Mould surface temperature is controlled at 70–90°C; lower temperatures produce a highly amorphous skin that may pass initial burst testing but fails after 2,000 h at 80°C because the thread root remains under residual stress. Melt temperature is kept at 255–270°C, and desiccant drying at 80°C for 4–8 h to 0.10 wt% moisture is mandatory before processing. The absence of a nucleating agent in this grade means crystallisation begins at a lower temperature and needs sufficient mould residence time to develop full crystallinity; therefore, hold-pressure time is set not only for gate wet seal but also to allow the part shell to achieve dimensional stability before ejection. On production lines, shot-to-shot variation in fill time greater than 0.1 s has been used as a diagnostic threshold for glass-fibre agglomeration in the feed throat or check-ring wear; maintenance of reinforced-material screws is tracked against fill-time drift rather than fixed stroke count because glass fibre abrasion appears first as barrel-temperature heterogeneity and short-shot onset. Terminal finished product types include push-in tube fittings conforming to ISO 14743, flow regulators, banjo throttle bodies, silencer housings, and quick-release coupling bodies for industrial pneumatic circuits.
Across photovoltaic combiner boxes and outdoor motor terminal enclosures, a cable gland body moulded from Grilamid® LV-15H nat must maintain strain-relief clamping force after UV exposure, thermal cycling, and occasional salt-mist exposure without distorting the cable entry. The controlling product standard is IEC 62444 for cable glands for electrical installations, supplemented by IEC 60529 for ingress protection when the gland is tested as part of an enclosure. Because the grade is natural and does not contain carbon black, outdoor black glands require a PA12-carrier carbon-black masterbatch at 2.0–2.5 wt%; below this addition level the UV-shielding effect is insufficient for prolonged rooftop exposure, while above 2.5 wt% the glass-fibre reinforcement becomes difficult to homogenise in the short residence time of a small barrel. The base resin is used at 100 wt% virgin compound, and regrind is limited to 10 wt% only in non-clamping locknuts; the main gland body is moulded without regrind to preserve elasticity at the clamping fingers.
The production process for brass-insert cable glands uses vertical or horizontal injection moulding machines with insert loading or automated indexing. Process control is required around insert temperature: brass inserts are preheated to 120–150°C before insertion; cold inserts cause the PA12 matrix to freeze in a low-crystallinity layer at the metal interface, producing micro-cracks that propagate under IEC 60068-2-30 damp-heat cycling. Melt temperature is set at 255–270°C, mould temperature at 80–100°C, and hold pressure at 50–70 MPa for insert tools. The grade’s 15 wt% glass-fibre content helps reduce hoop stress relaxation in finished glands after 500 thermal cycles from −40°C to 85°C, but this improvement only appears if the fibre orientation in the clamping-zone wall is circumferential; a centre-gated tube-shaped part with axial fibre orientation may lose clamping force by 15–25% more than an edge-gated part under the same ageing cycle. Terminal finished product types include metric-thread cable glands, PG-thread adapters, locknuts, and strain-relief housing shells for photovoltaic combiner boxes and outdoor industrial terminal boxes.
In high-volume cable-tie production, the locking tooth is the controlling feature because it is formed under high shear and is sensitive to glass-fibre orientation, moisture, and gate geometry. Product compliance is normally established under IEC 62275 or its national equivalents, which define mechanical strength retention after environmental ageing, dimensional constraints, and installation performance. The formulation addition ratio for this application is 100 wt% virgin heat-stabilised compound when the tie is marked for continuous service above 85°C; a maximum of 20 wt% clean, non-degraded regrind is permitted only in lower-grade general-purpose ties and must be free of burned or fibre-damaged material. No external nucleating agent or plasticizer is added, because both alter the flexural modulus needed for locking-tooth engagement.
The downstream production process is thin-wall injection moulding in 16–48-cavity hot-runner tools with cycle times commonly in the 6–9 s range for ties with wall sections of 1.0–1.3 mm. Desiccant drying at 80°C for 4–6 h to 0.10 wt% moisture is maintained even though thin walls are easier to fill; residual moisture above 0.15 wt% has been observed in production runs to enlarge tooth dimensions by 0.01–0.03 mm due to foaming at the tooth root. Injection speed is set high, typically 200–300 mm/s for small tie sizes, to fill the tooth cavity before the glass-filled front cools; low speed produces short teeth and a measurable drop in loop tensile strength. The gate is positioned at the head area opposite the tooth, but tool trials sometimes include a secondary side-gate on the tooth cavity to increase local fibre packing. Published data for this specific grade in 48-cavity tie tooling is limited; production qualification therefore requires mould-fill simulation validated with short-shot trials before tool hardening. Terminal finished product types include heavy-duty cable ties, releasable cable ties, serrated marker ties, and solar-rated cable ties where weather resistance is provided by a black masterbatch addition at 1.0–1.5 wt%.
In ski touring bindings, glass-reinforced PA12 is selected for toe and heel housings that must absorb impact loads at low temperature while retaining dimensional accuracy for release mechanism assembly. The governing product standard is ISO 13992, which includes release torque verification, fatigue cycling, and low-temperature functional testing. Because release function is safety-critical, the material is used as 100 wt% virgin compound; regrind is set at 0 wt% for any surface that carries a metal release pin, and the 15 wt% glass-fibre level is the maximum permitted in this design class to avoid a brittle failure mode at −25°C. No external colorant is added unless specified for a black housing, in which case a PA12-carrier black masterbatch is metered at 1.0–1.5 wt%.
The downstream production process is injection moulding with mould temperature controlled at 90–100°C to achieve maximum crystallinity and low-temperature ductility; lower mould temperatures below 60°C are known to reduce Charpy impact energy at −30°C below the minimum specified in release-housing validation. Melt temperature is held at 255–270°C and desiccant drying at 80°C for 4–8 h to 0.10 wt% moisture is compulsory. The production sequence includes insert moulding of metal pin seats or post-mould ultrasonic insertion, and dimensional inspection is performed after 24 h conditioning at 23°C and 50% relative humidity because PA12 absorbs enough moisture to change the housing bore dimension by 0.05–0.15%. Terminal finished products include toe-piece housings, heel-piece shells, and release-pressure adjusters for alpine touring and ski-mountaineering bindings tested under ISO 13992.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LV-15H nat is a heat-stabilised, natural-colour polyamide 12 injection-moulding compound containing 15% glass-fibre reinforcement by mass. Under ISO 1043-1 the material is designated PA12-GF15. The base polymer is polymerised from laurolactam, which gives a lower amide-group concentration than PA6 or PA66 and therefore lower equilibrium moisture uptake. Density is approximately 1.23 g/cm³ according to ISO 1183-1. Moulding shrinkage is anisotropic because of glass-fibre orientation; for a 2 mm plaque measured after 48 h at 23 °C according to ISO 294-4, typical published values are 0.5–0.8% parallel to flow and 0.6–0.9% perpendicular to flow. The LV designation indicates a low-viscosity base polymer for thin-wall filling, and the H designation indicates a heat-stabilisation package that retards oxidative degradation under sustained thermal load.
Relative to an unfilled medium-viscosity PA12, the 15% glass-fibre level raises tensile modulus from roughly 1500–2000 MPa to approximately 6000–7000 MPa dry as moulded under ISO 527-1/-2. Tensile strength at break increases from approximately 45–55 MPa to 120–130 MPa, while elongation at break falls from above 200% to a published range of 3–5%. Notched Charpy impact strength under ISO 179/1eA is lower than that of unfilled PA12 but remains sufficient for many dry snap-fit geometries. The glass fibre also reduces mould shrinkage and post-mould creep under load, and it raises heat deflection temperature under 1.8 MPa from below 60 °C for unfilled PA12 to approximately 160 °C for the reinforced grade.
Compared with a 30% glass-fibre PA12, Grilamid LV-15H nat has lower density, lower tensile modulus, and higher melt flow. A 30% glass-fibre grade typically exhibits density near 1.27 g/cm³ and dry tensile modulus near 9000 MPa, but its higher melt viscosity increases injection-pressure demand and can limit filling of thin-wall sections. The 15% level is therefore used when a balance of stiffness, flow length, and dimensional stability is required; spiral-flow evaluation on the production tool is recommended because published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Against a 15% glass-fibre PA6, the PA12 grade shows lower dry tensile strength and modulus but substantially lower moisture uptake. PA6-GF15 can absorb approximately 2.5–3.0% water at 23 °C/50% RH, whereas PA12-GF15 remains below 0.8% under the same conditions. The PA12 backbone also provides higher resistance to zinc chloride and aliphatic hydrocarbon stress cracking, and lower density. The trade-off is that PA6-GF15 usually has a higher heat deflection temperature under load and lower raw-material cost for non-humid applications.
The mechanical anisotropy introduced by 15% glass fibre is more moderate than that of 30% filled grades but remains significant. In a moulded tensile bar, fibre orientation in the skin layer follows flow while the core layer may be transverse, producing a layered modulus distribution. Published datasheet values from end-gated ISO 527-2 type 1A specimens reflect flow-oriented fibre and may overpredict transverse performance in complex mouldings. On production-scale tools, cracked bosses and weld lines commonly occur in regions where flow divides and recombines; glass-fibre-filled PA12 shows lower weld-line strength than the same matrix tested without fibre.
Mechanical values for glass-reinforced polyamide 12 change with moisture uptake because absorbed water plasticises the matrix. Representative values from supplier technical literature for Grilamid LV-15H nat are summarised below; the conditioned state refers to equilibrium at 23 °C/50% RH. Tensile properties were measured on ISO 527-2 type 1A specimens at 5 mm/min for modulus and 50 mm/min for strength. Impact data were obtained on ISO 179/1eA notched specimens with a 2 J pendulum. Heat deflection temperature was measured edgewise at 1.8 MPa according to ISO 75-1/-2 method A.
| Property | Test method | Dry as moulded | Conditioned 23 °C/50 % RH |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.23 g/cm³ | 1.23 g/cm³ |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 6500 MPa | 5500 MPa |
| Tensile strength at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | 125 MPa | 100 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | 4 % | 8 % |
| Charpy notched impact strength | ISO 179/1eA | 11 kJ/m² | 14 kJ/m² |
| Heat deflection temperature 1.8 MPa | ISO 75-1/-2 | 160 °C | 160 °C |
| Water absorption 23 °C/50 % RH | ISO 62 | — | 0.7 % |
The tabulated values should be treated as representative rather than specification minima. Lot-to-lot variation on production-scale compounding lines is influenced by glass-fibre length distribution after twin-screw extrusion; fibre length is commonly reduced from a nominal chopped-strand length of 3–4.5 mm to a weight-average fibre length below 0.4 mm in the final pellet after melt compounding.
Injection-moulding trials on production-scale reciprocating-screw machines with a general-purpose polyamide screw of 20:1 to 25:1 L/D ratio show that melt temperature control and moisture removal are the dominant process variables. The pellet should be dried to a residual moisture level below 0.10% by weight before moulding. For material stored in open bags at relative humidity above 60%, desiccant drying at 80 °C for 4–8 h is recommended; dew point of the drying air should be below -30 °C. Overdrying above 100 °C for prolonged periods can oxidatively degrade the stabiliser package and discolour natural material.
A melt temperature measured in the melt stream between 250 °C and 280 °C is typical. Barrel temperatures from feed to nozzle should be profiled so that the melt reaches the target without exceeding 300 °C; residence time above 5 min at the upper limit should be avoided. The mould surface temperature should be held between 80 °C and 100 °C to obtain sufficient crystallinity, lower post-mould shrinkage, and improved surface finish on polished cavities. Lower mould temperatures reduce cycle time but produce lower crystallinity and can increase warpage in glass-fibre-filled parts.
Injection velocity is selected to fill the cavity within 0.5–1.5 s for wall thicknesses between 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm. Holding pressure is typically 50–70% of the peak injection pressure and should be maintained until the gate freezes; premature release causes sink marks and higher shrinkage at gate-proximal regions. Back pressure is kept low, below about 1.0 MPa specific melt pressure, to limit fibre attrition in the screw compression zone. Clamp force requirement is in the range 0.7–1.0 t per cm² of projected area for thin-wall work; insufficient clamp force leads to flash at the parting line, especially with low-viscosity LV grades. On machines with shut-off nozzles, the nozzle temperature should be kept 10–15 °C above the minimum filling temperature to prevent freeze-off without excessive drool.
For moulds with long flow paths, a mould-filling simulation using measured pvT data and fibre-orientation tensors is recommended when tolerances of ±0.1 mm or better are required. Glass-fibre orientation follows the flow front and creates anisotropic shrinkage and warpage; this is observed on production tools as differences in shrinkage between gate and flow-end regions. Gate location should be selected to avoid weld lines in externally loaded areas. Gate and runner dimensions should be larger than those used for unfilled PA12 to limit fibre jamming and premature freeze. For multicavity tools, naturally balanced runners are preferred over artificially balanced runners because glass-fibre-filled melts are shear-sensitive and do not distribute equally through different flow-path lengths. Valve-gated hot-runner systems are usable if the gate orifice is at least 1.5–2.0 mm for a 2 mm wall section; open hot tips may produce stringing because of the low-viscosity LV base.
Moisture analysis by Karl Fischer titration is preferred over loss-on-drying because low-molecular-weight additives can volatilise and overstate water content. In moulding trials, a residual moisture level above 0.15% typically produces silver streaks, splay, and reduced tensile strength at the gate area. The glass fibre does not absorb water, but moisture adsorbed on the fibre surface can contribute to hydrolysis at the fibre-matrix interface during melt processing.
The H stabilisation package differentiates Grilamid LV-15H nat from non-heat-stabilised PA12-GF15 grades. Short-term thermal resistance is indicated by the 160 °C heat deflection temperature under 1.8 MPa load and by the melting point of approximately 178 °C as measured by ISO 11357-3 differential scanning calorimetry. However, HDT does not define continuous service temperature. Heat-stabilised PA12 grades are typically used in under-hood pneumatic lines, sensor housings, and cable-management components where continuous air temperatures can reach 100–120 °C with intermittent peaks to 140 °C. Published data for this specific configuration is limited above 120 °C; long-term exposure should be validated by Arrhenius ageing according to ISO 9080 or by oven-ageing tensile-impact retention per the end-user’s specification.
Oxidative embrittlement is the primary failure mode for glass-reinforced PA12 at elevated temperature. The stabiliser package retards carbonyl formation and chain scission, but the polymer remains susceptible to attack by hot oxidising media, especially when combined with high humidity. In a moulded part with a wall thickness below 1 mm, thermal-oxidative failure occurs faster than in a 4 mm Type 1A tensile bar because oxygen diffusion is thickness-dependent; accelerated testing on plaques rather than thick specimens is therefore required for thin-wall designs.
Chemical resistance of Grilamid LV-15H nat follows the PA12 backbone. The material resists aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, diesel fuel, lubricating oils, greases, salt solutions, and many chlorinated solvents at ambient and moderately elevated temperatures. Resistance is assessed by immersion under ISO 175 or ISO 1817 for elastomer-adjacent components; typical test conditions use 23 °C and 70 °C for 7–28 days with tensile retention reported against unexposed controls. The grade is not recommended for strong mineral acids, oxidising acids, concentrated formic acid, phenols, or polar solvents that dissolve or swell polyamide. For fuel-contact parts such as quick connectors and vapour lines, component-specific testing with representative test fuels is required because published data for this specific configuration is limited; fuel composition varies by region and season.
In automotive compressed-air systems, the grade is used for fittings, distribution blocks, and sensor bodies. The 15% glass-fibre reinforcement provides creep resistance under constant clamp loads at elevated air temperature, while the low moisture uptake limits dimensional swelling in humid engine-compartment air. In electrical and electronic housings, the natural colour permits custom pigmentation; carbon-black-filled variants are used where UV exposure requires weathering resistance. Natural PA12 is not inherently UV-stable, and outdoor use below 1000 h accelerated weathering under ISO 4892-2 may require additional UV stabilisation or coating.
No. Low moisture uptake reduces but does not eliminate dimensional change. At equilibrium in 23 °C/50% RH, the grade absorbs approximately 0.7% water by weight, compared with 2.5–3.0% for PA6-GF15 and 0.2–0.3% for unfilled polypropylene; this shifts dimensions by roughly 0.1–0.3% depending on glass-fibre orientation and wall-thickness constraint. The glass fibre reduces hygroscopic expansion in the fibre direction because the fibre has negligible moisture uptake; expansion is therefore anisotropic and concentrated in the matrix-dominated directions. Parts with tight mating tolerances should be conditioned before assembly or designed with sufficient clearance to accommodate moisture-induced expansion from dry-as-moulded to service equilibrium.
Mechanical properties also shift: tensile modulus decreases from approximately 6500 MPa to 5500 MPa after conditioning, while elongation at break increases. Impact strength improves slightly. These changes are reversible when the part is dried, but repeated moisture cycling can produce microcracking at the fibre-matrix interface after several hundred cycles; production-scale failure has been observed in snap-fit arms when parts are moulded too wet, because hydrolysis during processing reduces interfacial adhesion even before service.
For electrical applications, the grade displays volume resistivity in the range 10¹³–10¹⁴ Ω·m and surface resistivity above 10¹² Ω when measured under IEC 62631-3-1 at 23 °C/50% RH. The natural grade has a comparative tracking index above 600 V under IEC 60112. These values are not specification limits and should be confirmed on conditioned moulded plaques because glass-fibre concentration and moisture content influence surface leakage current. For regulatory documentation, the product is covered by the supplier’s REACH registration for polyamide 12 compounds and is normally available with RoHS 2011/65/EU declarations for lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB, and PBDE. However, the natural grade is not automatically compliant with food-contact regulations; FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 or EU 10/2011 compliance must be confirmed for the specific additive package and colourant.
