| HS Code | 472499 |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 50 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 700 MPa |
| Tensile Stress At Yield | 35 MPa |
| Tensile Strain At Yield | 20 % |
| Elongation At Break | >50 % |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength At 23 C | No break |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength At 30 C | No break |
| Shore D Hardness | 60 |
| Water Absorption At 24 H | 0.2 % |
| Heat Deflection Temperature At 0 45 Mpa | 60 °C |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LM-05 HX nat PA12 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 25 kg net in sealed, moisture-proof polyethylene-lined multiwall paper bags, palletized and shrink-wrapped for safe transport and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Container loading (20′ FCL) EMS-Grivory Grilamid LM-05 HX nat PA12: 25 kg bags on pallets, shrink-wrapped, about 20,000 kg per container. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® LM-05 HX nat is shipped in sealed, moisture-resistant bags to preserve its low moisture content. Standard dry transport is suitable; avoid excessive heat or humidity. No hazardous goods designation applies. Store in original packaging and handle with care to prevent contamination. Ensure proper labeling for traceability. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid® LM-05 HX nat PA12 in its original, unopened packaging in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent water absorption. Ideal storage temperature is below 30°C. Under these conditions, shelf life is typically one year from delivery. |
| Shelf Life | Store unopened in a cool, dry place, protected from moisture. Shelf life is typically two years from date of manufacture. |
Monolayer air brake tube for heavy-duty commercial vehicles is extruded from Grilamid LM-05 HX nat on single-screw extruders with grooved feed sections and barrier screws. In this downstream segment, the resin is fed at 100 phr; a UV-stabilized black colour masterbatch is metered at 2–5 wt% into natural resin at the throat or via a side feeder, and a fluoropolymer-based melt-fracture additive is added at 0.05–0.2 wt% only when surface defects or die lip build-up are observed. Pre-drying is carried out in a desiccant dryer at 80 °C for 4–6 h to a residual moisture content below 0.10 %; if ambient relative humidity exceeds 60 %, the drying time is not shortened below 4 h, because hydrolysis at melt temperatures above 250 °C causes viscosity loss and surface roughness. Production-scale observation on 45 mm single-screw lines shows that barrel feed-to-die settings of 220 °C to 245 °C and melt temperature of 242–248 °C provide stable tube dimensions; melt temperature must not exceed 260 °C for more than 10 min total residence time. On lines with worn grooved feed bushes, melt pressure fluctuations of ±0.5 MPa have been observed to produce outer-diameter ovality; feed-bush replacement returns wall-thickness variation to ±0.05 mm. Tube calibration is performed with a vacuum tank at -0.2 to -0.4 bar, followed by water-bath cooling from 25 °C to 60 °C, after which the tube is wound onto coils or cut to length. The required industry compliance pathway is SAE J844, ISO 7628, and DIN 74324-1; qualification includes low-temperature impact at -40 °C, boiling-water ageing, burst pressure testing, and zinc chloride resistance for winter road de-icing exposure. Finished product forms are coiled bulk tube, pre-formed pigtail connectors with brass or composite quick-release couplings, and multi-tube harness assemblies installed in commercial vehicle compressed air circuits.
In automotive evaporative emission systems, PA12 serves as an outer protective layer in coextruded tube architectures where an ethylene vinyl alcohol or fluoropolymer barrier layer is required to meet hydrocarbon permeation limits. The outer layer is filled with Grilamid LM-05 HX nat at 100 phr; the PA12 layer represents 20–30 % of the total wall thickness in a typical three-layer construction, and an inner conductive PA12 compound containing 8–12 wt% conductive carbon black is coextruded as the fuel-contact layer to dissipate static charge. The HX-stabilized natural grade is dried in a closed-loop desiccant system with a dew point of -30 °C until residual moisture falls below 0.10 %. On a multi-layer line, separate extruders feed the barrier, tie, and outer PA12 layers to a spiral mandrel die; the PA12 outer layer is processed with barrel temperatures 220–240 °C and die temperature 235 °C, while the barrier extruder runs a separate thermal profile. Die lip build-up from barrier-layer cross-contamination is a known start-up failure mode; purging with a low-MFI copolyamide before introducing the barrier layer reduces stringing. The finished tube is validated against SAE J2260 and ISO 13775-1, with OEM tests that reference evaporative emission limits set by CARB LEV III and EPA Tier 3; adhesion between layers is evaluated by peel after ageing in fuel and fuel vapour according to the layer-adhesion procedure within SAE J2260. Downstream terminal products are fuel vapour return lines, filler neck vent lines, and quick-connect fuel line assemblies with laser-etched identification codes for wall thickness, material, and production date.
Subsea control and chemical injection lines use an extruded PA12 liner behind a fibre-reinforced polymer jacket or within a steel tube bundle. The liner composition is 100 phr Grilamid LM-05 HX nat with no external plasticizer; where ultraviolet protection is needed during onshore spooling, a carbon black masterbatch is added at 2–3 wt% to the natural grade. Processing starts with a 50 mm single-screw extruder with L/D 30:1 and a grooved feed zone; the melt temperature is kept at 232–246 °C, and the liner is vacuum-sized to a wall-thickness tolerance of ±0.05 mm. After extrusion, the tube is annealed in a hot-air chamber at 140 °C for 30 min to reduce freeze-in orientation and internal stress before bundling; improperly annealed liner has shown residual-stress cracking during subsea spooling at low temperature. In this application, PA12 is selected because of its resistance to methanol and glycol; qualification under API 17E, ISO 13628-5, and NORSOK M-710 includes compatibility with methanol, rapid gas decompression endurance, and hydrostatic pressure retention at 60 °C. Terminal products are thermoplastic control line tubes, methanol injection lines, and hydraulic supply lines integrated into subsea umbilical cross-sections for offshore wellheads.
Outdoor industrial control cables and fibre optic buffer tubes are jacketed with a thin PA12 layer to resist abrasion, hydraulic fluid, and sub-zero impact. Pressure extrusion through a crosshead die on a single-screw extruder with L/D 24:1 is used, with the melt temperature maintained at 225–240 °C and the die head pressure limited to 15 MPa. Before processing, the resin is dried in a vacuum hopper dryer at 80 °C for 4 h to 0.10 % residual moisture; wet resin produces interfacial voids and rough jacket surfaces. Preheating the cable core to 60–80 °C before entering the crosshead reduces post-extrusion shrink-back and improves jacket adhesion on PVC or polyolefin inner sheaths. For coloured or UV-stabilized jackets, a PA12-based colour concentrate is added at 1–3 wt%; flame-retardant packages are not introduced into the HX natural grade unless a separate compounded formulation is qualified. The jacketed cable is tested according to IEC 60794-1-21 for mechanical and environmental performance of fibre optic cables, IEC 60811 for sheath material properties, and UL 1581 for North American control cable constructions; cold-impact testing is typically performed at -40 °C with a mandrel diameter not exceeding 10 times the cable outer diameter. Finished product types include sensor cables with coiled PA12 jackets, fibre optic drop cables for sub-duct installation, and reinforced control cables for hydraulic valve banks in mobile machinery.
| Downstream segment | Primary compliance code | Secondary standard | Property verified |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heavy-duty air brake tubing | SAE J844 | ISO 7628 | burst, low-temperature impact, zinc chloride resistance |
| Automotive fuel vapor return lines | SAE J2260 | ISO 13775-1 | hydrocarbon permeation and multilayer adhesion |
| Subsea umbilical liner | API 17E | ISO 13628-5 | methanol compatibility, RGD, hydrostatic retention |
| Industrial cable jacketing | IEC 60794-1-21 | UL 1581 | abrasion, cold impact, fluid resistance |
| Thermoplastic hydraulic hose core | SAE J517 | ISO 3949 | burst and impulse cycling |
| Pneumatic control line bundles | DIN 74324-1 | ISO 1402 | dimensional stability and hydrostatic proof pressure |
In medium-pressure thermoplastic hydraulic hose production, the core tube is extruded from Grilamid LM-05 HX nat before the reinforcement layer is over-braided. The core compound uses 100 phr base resin; a colour concentrate is added at 1–2 wt% only when the core must be visually identifiable through a transparent polyurethane cover, and no plasticizer is introduced to avoid hydrolysis during hot oil ageing. Core extrusion on a 45 mm single-screw extruder with L/D 30:1 is carried out at melt temperature 230–245 °C, with vacuum calibration to keep the inner bore round within 0.05 mm before braiding; inadequate vacuum calibration allows the core to ovalize under braid tension. The braid station applies high-tenacity aramid or polyester yarn at an angle of 54.7 ° over the core, followed by a polyurethane cover layer. The finished hose is hydrostatically tested according to ISO 1402 and qualified under SAE J517 and ISO 3949 for thermoplastic hydraulic hoses; the minimum burst pressure is 4 times the working pressure for non-metallic hose constructions. Terminal products are SAE 100R8 high-pressure thermoplastic hydraulic hoses, forklift mast hydraulic lines, and mobile equipment pilot-control lines.
Machine tool pneumatic harnesses are converted from metal capillary lines to multi-bore PA12 control tube bundles by tandem extrusion and in-line fusing of individual tubes. Each bore is extruded from Grilamid LM-05 HX nat at 100 phr; a colour concentrate is added at 1–2 wt% per bore for circuit identification, and no external plasticizer is used. Dimensional stability is verified according to ISO 1817 after immersion in IRM 903 oil at 100 °C for 72 h. A multi-lumen die fed by a single-screw extruder with a melt pump is used, and line speed is throttled to maintain melt pressure below 15 MPa to prevent inter-bore wall collapse; if pressure exceeds this threshold, the centre lumen is first to deform. The resin is dried to 0.08 % residual moisture at 80 °C for 4 h; barrel set points are 220–240 °C, and die temperature is held at 235 °C on a 50 mm extruder. The tube bundles are qualified under DIN 74324-1 for thermoplastic compressed-air tubing and hydrostatically tested according to ISO 1402; no electrical conductivity is required in this application. Finished product categories are coiled multi-bore pneumatic control lines, machine-tool coolant return tubes, and pre-assembled manifold drops with push-in connectors for automated assembly cells.
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The product designation EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LM-05 HX nat PA12 identifies an unreinforced, natural-colour, heat-stabilized polyamide 12 injection moulding compound supplied by EMS-CHEMIE AG under the Grilamid trade name. In ISO 1874-1 terms, the base polymer is a PA12 homopolymer. The suffix HX denotes heat stabilization, while LM indicates a low-viscosity melt rheology relative to standard PA12 injection grades. The material is used for technical components in which high flow length, low moisture uptake, and resistance to non-polar service fluids are required simultaneously. Typical density of unfilled PA12 is approximately 1.01 g/cm³ when measured in accordance with ISO 1183-1. The melt peak determined by differential scanning calorimetry under ISO 11357-3 is normally in the range of 175–180 °C for PA12 homopolymers. The grade is supplied as natural granules; the absence of carbon black or pigment means that yellowing caused by excessive melt residence time or drying abuse is not masked.
For thin-wall moulding, melt viscosity is the primary determinant of flow-length-to-wall-thickness ratio at a given injection pressure. A low-viscosity PA12 such as Grilamid LM-05 HX nat reduces pressure drop in the runner and cavity, allowing wall sections below 1.0 mm to be filled at lower hydraulic pressures than would be required for medium-viscosity PA12 grades. On production-scale electric or hydraulic injection moulding machines with screw diameters between 25 mm and 40 mm, the grade is typically processed at a melt temperature in the range of 230–260 °C, with the upper limit reserved for thin-wall parts and long flow paths. Melt volume-flow rate values for low-viscosity PA12 are usually reported under ISO 1133-1 at 235 °C/2.16 kg; exact values must be taken from the supplier batch certificate. The lower melt viscosity also permits reduced clamp force for a given projected cavity area because filling pressure can be lowered. However, low-viscosity formulations may be more sensitive to screw recovery inconsistencies, and mould venting must be maintained at vent depths of 0.010–0.020 mm to prevent gas marks in thin sections. Tool temperature between 30 °C and 80 °C controls crystallinity and post-moulding shrinkage; lower mould temperatures give faster cycles but can increase dimensional drift in hot service.
Before processing, residual moisture must be kept below 0.10 % by mass to avoid hydrolysis and surface splay. Although PA12 absorbs less water than PA6 or PA66, a desiccant dryer at 80 °C for 4–6 h is normally required when containers have been opened or when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60 %. The drying air dew point should be −30 °C or lower. Production-scale failures in undried PA12 typically appear as silver streaks on the part surface, reduced notched impact strength, and occasional bubble formation at the flow front when melt temperature exceeds 250 °C. PA12 is less hygroscopic than short-chain polyamides, but the moisture limit remains critical because hydrolytic chain scission at processing temperatures is irreversible. Drying should not exceed 80 °C for extended periods; prolonged hot-air exposure beyond approximately 12 h can produce yellowing, thermal pre-damage, and additive migration to the pellet surface.
The HX stabilization package is intended to delay oxidative embrittlement in continuous hot-air and hot-oil service, but it does not eliminate the upper thermal limit of PA12. Unstabilized PA12 exposed above 100 °C in air loses tensile elongation progressively; heat-stabilized PA12 grades may retain a larger fraction of elongation after the same ageing interval, depending on temperature, specimen thickness, and air flow. Long-term thermal ageing data for EMS-Grivory Grilamid grades are generated under ISO 2578 and UL 746B protocols. The UL Yellow Card should be consulted for the specific Relative Thermal Index of LM-05 HX nat, because published data for this specific colour and wall-thickness configuration may vary. In hot-oil contact, PA12 is used for automotive and industrial fluid lines because of its resistance to non-polar fluids, but the simultaneous presence of oxygen and metal-ion catalysts at temperatures above 120 °C can accelerate oxidation. Components in contact with diesel, lubricating oil, or grease should be validated with the actual fluid composition, because additives containing reactive sulfur or chlorine can alter degradation kinetics. The grade is not intended for continuous exposure to hot aqueous glycol solutions above 100 °C, where hydrolysis of the amide backbone becomes the dominant failure mechanism.
Density and moisture uptake distinguish PA12 from PA6 and PA66 in multi-material design. At equilibrium in 23 °C water, unfilled PA12 absorbs approximately 1.5–2.0 % water by mass when tested to ISO 62, whereas PA6 absorbs roughly 9–10 % and PA66 approximately 7.5–8.5 %. This difference produces less dimensional change in humid service and more stable electrical properties. The density of PA12 is about 1.01 g/cm³, approximately 10 % lower than the 1.13–1.15 g/cm³ range of PA6 and PA66. Unfilled PA12 also exhibits lower tensile modulus than glass-reinforced grades. For dry-as-moulded unfilled PA12 of this class, ISO 527-2 tensile modulus is commonly in the 1,300–1,600 MPa range, while glass-fibre-reinforced PA66 grades often exceed 6,000 MPa depending on glass content. The lower modulus is a design factor when snap-fit or flexible latching behaviour is required. Low-temperature notched impact resistance is another boundary condition: PA12 generally retains useful ductility below −40 °C, while some short-chain polyamides may undergo a more pronounced ductile-to-brittle transition. These comparisons are generic to unfilled PA12 and do not replace lot-specific data sheets for LM-05 HX nat.
| Property | Test method | Unfilled PA12, dry-as-moulded | PA6, dry-as-moulded | PA66, dry-as-moulded |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01 g/cm³ | 1.13–1.14 g/cm³ | 1.13–1.15 g/cm³ |
| Water absorption, saturation at 23 °C | ISO 62 | 1.5–2.0 % | 9–10 % | 7.5–8.5 % |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 1,300–1,600 MPa | 2,800–3,200 MPa | 2,900–3,300 MPa |
| Notched Charpy impact, 23 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 5–8 kJ/m² | 5–10 kJ/m² | 4–8 kJ/m² |
| Processing melt temperature range | — | 230–260 °C | 230–280 °C | 270–300 °C |
Values in the table are typical ranges for unfilled dry-as-moulded injection-moulded specimens and do not constitute specification limits for Grilamid LM-05 HX nat. Lot-specific values depend on molecular weight, conditioning, and moulding parameters.
Successful production of Grilamid LM-05 HX nat components depends on the interaction between screw design, barrel temperature, and melt residence time. General-purpose nylon screws with a three-zone geometry, L/D ratio of 18:1 to 25:1, and compression ratio between 2.0:1 and 2.5:1 are commonly used. A lower compression ratio may be selected for this low-viscosity grade to reduce excessive shear heating. Barrel temperature profiles are typically set from 220 °C in the feed zone to 230–250 °C at the nozzle. Melt residence time above 10 min at 260 °C can cause yellowing, viscosity loss, or black specks from additive degradation. If production is interrupted, the barrel temperature should be reduced to 170–180 °C standby or the screw should be purged. Hot-runner systems require temperature uniformity within ±5 °C across the manifold, because local overheating creates colour shift in natural material and inconsistent filling. Mould temperatures below 30 °C produce high freeze-off rates and may limit crystallinity development, leading to more post-moulding dimensional drift; temperatures above 80 °C extend cycle time and can increase warpage in thick sections. The processing window is therefore not defined solely by melt temperature, but by the combined effect of shear rate, residence time, and cooling rate.
In fluid connectors and cable management components, the grade is selected for the combination of low moisture uptake, vibration fatigue resistance, and resistance to zinc chloride stress cracking. PA12 grades of this type are evaluated under ISO 527-2 for tensile stress at yield and elongation at break on dry-as-moulded specimens, but snap-fit design requires additional data under controlled humidity because moisture plasticizes the amorphous phase. The notched Charpy impact value under ISO 179-1/1eA is a comparative toughness indicator; for parts with sharp internal radii, finite element analysis requires true stress-strain curves and tensile creep modulus rather than a single impact value. In automotive underhood wire clips, the component must survive repeated thermal cycling from −40 °C to 120 °C without losing retention force. Material selection therefore includes heat ageing, creep, and fatigue testing according to ISO 899-1 or customer-specific automotive standards. Published data for this specific LM-05 HX nat configuration in every application medium is limited; final validation must use production tooling and the actual service fluid or atmospheric composition.
Fuel permeation and chemical resistance of PA12 are influenced by wall thickness, fluid composition, temperature, and processing crystallinity. PA12 is used in fuel line and connector applications because it exhibits lower permeation and better resistance to non-polar hydrocarbons than many short-chain polyamides; values are determined under SAE J2260 or equivalent automotive specifications and depend strongly on ethanol content and test temperature. Resistance to zinc chloride stress cracking is a further differentiating factor in automotive structural clips. However, the grade is not resistant to strong acids, polar solvents, or hot aqueous glycol systems. Chemical compatibility must be tested under service conditions, including temperature cycling and mechanical load.
Regulatory compliance is application-dependent. The manufacturer can provide declarations for REACH and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU for the base resin and additives. Statements about food-contact suitability under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 or FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 require verification of the exact grade, colour, and processing conditions. PA12 homopolymer is generally covered by FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 for nylon resins, but the specific heat-stabilization additives and natural-colour status may require additional supply-chain documentation. The material should not be assumed suitable for medical device body contact without ISO 10993 evaluation and supplier confirmation.
