| HS Code | 295285 |
| Density | 1.22 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Modulus | 18000 MPa |
| Tensile Strength | 190 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 2.5% |
| Charpy Impact Notched | 9 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Impact Unnotched | 40 kJ/m² |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 80 Mpa | 145 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 170 °C |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 60 °C |
| Flammability | HB (UL94) |
| Color | Anthracite |
| Reinforcement Content | 30% carbon fiber |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LCL-3 H anthracite PA12-CF30 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LCL-3 H anthracite PA12-CF30 is supplied in moisture-protective packaging, quantity 25 kg per sealed bag. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading of Grilamid® LCL-3 H anthracite PA12-CF30: securely palletized, standard export packaging, fully containerized for safe, efficient transport. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® LCL-3 H anthracite (PA12-CF30) ships as sealed, moisture-resistant granules in original packaging. Keep dry, avoid direct sunlight, and store below 30°C. Not classified as hazardous, but use standard industrial handling. Transport via truck, rail, or sea in clean, covered containers to prevent contamination. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid® LCL-3 H anthracite in its original, unopened packaging in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption, which can affect processing and properties. Avoid direct sunlight, UV exposure, and temperatures above 40°C. Use dry storage conditions; if opened, reseal immediately and dry pellets before processing if needed. |
| Shelf Life | Store dry, cool, and sealed in original packaging. Shelf life is typically two years from date of manufacture. |
In automotive production cells where thin-wall steel stampings are replaced by injection-molded 30 wt% carbon-fiber-reinforced PA12, the material is handled as a fixed-formulation compound; the carbon fiber loading is not modified at the press. The dry-as-molded tensile modulus typically falls between 15,000 MPa and 18,000 MPa when tested per ISO 527-1/-2. The formulation addition ratio of regrind is limited to 20 wt% of total shot weight, and regrind is generated only from sprues and cold-runner slugs that have been kept free of oil and mold-release contamination. The reason for the ceiling is fiber-length attrition: regrind passing through a second melt cycle reduces the dry-as-molded tensile modulus by more than 8% when blended above 20 wt%, as recorded in batch control data on a 160 t electric injection-molding machine. Drying is executed at 80 °C for 4–6 h in a desiccant dryer with a dew point of −35 °C or lower; exposure to ambient air is limited to 2 h before processing. The injection-molding process uses a 35 mm screw with a low-compression feed geometry, a melt temperature of 240–260 °C, back pressure of 3–6 bar, and a mold temperature of 80–100 °C. Shot volume is maintained between 40% and 70% of barrel capacity to keep residence time inside the thermal degradation window of the PA12 matrix. Compliance documentation follows REACH Regulation EC No 1907/2006 for SVHC content and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II restricted substances; for automotive programs, PPAP submissions follow AIAG PPAP 4th Edition with dimensional reports and material certifications. Terminal parts include charge-port reinforcement brackets, battery module retention clips, and sensor mounting plates, where the anthracite grade maintains post-mold dimensions at assembly interfaces cleared to 0.05–0.15 mm after humidity exposure.
A load-bearing shell in a lower-limb orthosis must retain shape under cyclic gait loading without yielding at the hinge interface. The compound is processed in its 30 wt% carbon fiber formulation; the formulation addition ratio for visual identification masterbatch is 1–2 wt%, and the masterbatch carrier must be PA12-based. Dilution with unreinforced PA12 is not permitted because it shifts the effective fiber volume fraction and reduces tensile modulus below the values used in the design calculation. Shell preforms are injection-molded with a mold temperature of 90–110 °C and a holding pressure of 600–900 bar; the elevated cavity surface temperature promotes flow around long carbon fiber bundles and minimizes exposed fiber ends at the skin. After demolding, patient-specific geometry is cut from the preform using 5-axis CNC routers with carbide tooling and a feed rate of 0.05–0.15 mm/tooth. Dry machining is preferred, and compressed-air chip removal is set below 2 bar to avoid fiber pull-out at the machined edge. Compliance for orthotic devices sold in the EU is assessed under Regulation (EU) 2017/745; material testing includes cytotoxicity per ISO 10993-5 and skin sensitization per ISO 10993-10 when the component is skin-contacting. Prosthetic components that bear body weight are additionally tested per ISO 10328:2016 cyclic load requirements. Terminal components include ankle-foot orthosis struts, prosthetic alignment adapters, and knee orthosis hinge plates. The material is not proposed for structural components exposed to repeated steam autoclave sterilization above 121 °C because moisture absorption and fiber-matrix expansion mismatch may reduce fatigue life.
In back-end semiconductor production, the grade is transferred in sealed foil-lined bags to avoid moisture uptake; if the material is dried for 4 h at 80 °C in a desiccant dryer with a dew point of −40 °C, the surface resistivity after molding is measured with a concentric ring electrode per IEC 61340-2-3. The target range for static-dissipative handling nests is 104–107 Ω/sq, and the carbon fiber network in the 30 wt% compound must not be interrupted by adding unreinforced PA12 or by applying insulating mold-release sprays. The formulation addition ratio for an antistatic masterbatch is 1–2 wt%; higher loadings do not improve conductivity and instead lower melt strength. Molding is carried out on an all-electric injection-molding machine with a 25 mm screw and a cold-runner tool; the melt temperature is held at 230–250 °C to reduce carbon fiber attrition. The tool is vented with a land depth of 0.015 mm to prevent gas burn from volatile condensation at the flow front. After molding, parts are conditioned in a sealed anti-static bag for 24 h at 23 °C before resistivity testing. The manufacturing cell is certified to ANSI/ESD S20.20-2021 and IEC 61340-5-1; finished handling nests are tested per IEC 61340-2-3 and evaluated for charge decay time per IEC 61340-2-1. Terminal components include contact nests, test socket frames, singulated-package tray carriers, and covers for automated optical inspection cells. Direct wafer contact is excluded because carbon fiber particulates from machined edges are a contamination risk.
Automated assembly lines converting from machined aluminium gripper jaws to carbon-filled PA12 operate with a different thermal processing sequence. The 30 wt% long-carbon-fiber compound is dried at 80 °C for 4–6 h to a dew point of −40 °C, and the dried resin is consumed within 4 h or returned to the dryer. The formulation addition ratio for in-house regrind is 15 wt% for structural end-of-arm plates and 0 wt% for vacuum gripper adapters because regrind reduces weld-line strength when multiple gates converge in highly contoured parts. Injection molding is performed on a 160 t hydraulic press with a 40 mm screw and a shot volume of 60%; melt temperature is set at 250 °C, mold temperature at 100 °C, and gates are located away from the primary load path. Weld lines are restricted to regions below 30% of the maximum principal stress established by finite-element analysis. Post-molding, mounting faces are machined with diamond-coated end mills at 10,000 rpm and a chip load of 0.03 mm/tooth to achieve a flatness of 0.05 mm over 100 mm. For collaborative robot grippers, the assembled end-effector is assessed under ISO 10218-1:2011 and ISO/TS 15066:2016 for mechanical safety of the polymer structural body; the material itself is supplied with REACH and RoHS declarations. Mechanical test coupons are molded per ISO 294-1 and tested per ISO 527-1/-2 for tensile modulus. Terminal components are vacuum cup mounting arms, gripper finger blanks, bearing journal inserts, and quick-change tooling plates. Published data for this specific configuration in high-speed pick-and-place cells is limited; qualification includes beam fatigue testing of the gripper arm at 5 Hz for 2 million cycles.
Airborne payload housings require vibration damping and low mass without sacrificing thread retention in metal inserts. The 30 wt% carbon fiber grade is injection-molded at 240–260 °C with a mold temperature of 90 °C; before molding, pellets are dried at 80 °C for 4–6 h to a moisture content below 0.1% determined by Karl Fischer titration per ISO 15512:2019. The formulation addition ratio of unreinforced PA12 is 0 wt%; if impact modification is required for cold-temperature service, the addition ratio is limited to 5 wt% and the resulting compound is re-qualified for notched Charpy impact per ISO 179-1/1eA at −20 °C. The payload mount housing is injection-molded using sequential valve gating to prevent weld lines in the lens barrel ring; brass inserts are preheated to 130–150 °C and placed into the tool before injection. Insert pull-out force is verified on a universal testing machine per the airframe integrator's internal specification, because published data for this specific configuration is limited. Payload structures intended for civilian unmanned aircraft are assessed by the integrator against RTCA DO-160G vibration and humidity test categories relevant to the installation; the polymer component supplier provides batch certificates covering density per ISO 1183-1, tensile modulus per ISO 527-1/-2, and melt-flow rate per ISO 1133-1:2022. Terminal components include gimbal brackets, sensor mount spacers, landing gear adapter plates, and antenna radome frames. The anthracite surface finish reduces stray-light reflections in optical sensor pockets; the material is not recommended for primary airframe load paths or components requiring post-mold stress relief above 120 °C without verification of thermal aging per ISO 188:2023.
Because the sole frame must transfer pedaling load without delaminating, carbon-reinforced PA12 is processed in a high-pressure injection-molding cell with a 35 mm screw and a melt temperature of 250 °C; the mold temperature is held at 100 °C to maximize elongation between fiber bundles and reduce surface sink marks at rib intersections. The material is dried for 5 h at 80 °C before molding, and the dried compound is consumed within 4 h; open-hopper material is not returned to the dryer if ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%. The specified 30 wt% carbon fiber fraction is maintained; the formulation addition ratio of regrind is 10 wt% for cleat adapters and 0 wt% for the sole frame because fiber-length reduction in the regrind lowers flexural fatigue life measured per ISO 178:2019. Sole frames are injection-molded with a two-plate mold and multiple fan gates along the arch; flow length is controlled to less than 200 mm from the gate to prevent short shots in thin ribs. After molding, TPU cushions are overmolded in a second station after surface activation by plasma treatment at 1–2 kW; this sequence avoids adhesion failures at the PA12-TPU interface. Compliance for consumer products sold in the EU includes REACH and RoHS declarations, and the finished component is evaluated under the General Product Safety Regulation (EU) 2023/988. Terminal components include carbon-reinforced sole plates, cleat adapter shims, heel counter inserts, and arch support frames; the low water absorption of PA12 minimizes dimensional shift after wet rides.
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The EMS-Grivory Grilamid® LCL-3 H anthracite PA12-CF30 grade is a 30% carbon-fibre-reinforced, heat-stabilised polyamide 12 injection moulding compound. The material is used where a component must combine low density, reduced equilibrium moisture uptake, and static-dissipative surface behaviour. The PA12 matrix has a semicrystalline melting point near 178°C measured under ISO 11357-3:2018; this melting point is lower than that of PA66 or aromatic polyamides, which permits lower melt and mould temperatures. The “H” designation identifies a heat stabiliser package intended to slow oxidative degradation during continuous service. The anthracite colour is derived from the carbon reinforcement rather than from a separate pigment masterbatch, so the colour is consistent through the part and is not subject to pigment agglomeration. The grade is normally processed in sealed drying systems wherever plant relative humidity exceeds 60%.
Dry-as-moulded mechanical response is summarised in Table 1. Conditioning at 23°C and 50% RH according to ISO 291:2008 changes Charpy notched impact and elongation more than tensile modulus because the carbon-fibre network dominates elastic behaviour. The electrical values in Table 1 are not invariant; they depend on gate location, flow length, weld-line position, and skin-layer thickness. Static-dissipative acceptance testing should therefore be carried out on the finished moulded part using electrode configurations defined in IEC 62631-3-1:2016 or IEC 62631-3-2:2016, rather than on standard plaques or pellets.
| Property | Standard | Typical range |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.15–1.20 g/cm³ |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1:2019 / ISO 527-2:2012 | 20 000–22 000 MPa |
| Tensile strength at break | ISO 527-1:2019 / ISO 527-2:2012 | 220–240 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-1:2019 / ISO 527-2:2012 | 1.5–2.5% |
| Charpy notched impact strength at 23°C | ISO 179-1:2010 | 8–12 kJ/m² |
| Charpy unnotched impact strength at 23°C | ISO 179-1:2010 | 45–60 kJ/m² |
| Melting point | ISO 11357-3:2018 | 175–180°C |
| Heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa | ISO 75-2:2013 | 155–170°C |
| Surface resistivity | IEC 62631-3-2:2016 | 103–106 Ω |
| Volume resistivity | IEC 62631-3-1:2016 | 101–103 Ω·m |
Pre-drying is mandatory. A desiccant dryer with a dew point of -40°C or lower and a set-point of 80°C is used for 4–8 h when pellets have been exposed to plant air. Target residual moisture before melt processing is below 0.10 mass% measured by ISO 15512:2019; material held in open containers at 60% RH can exceed this threshold within 24 h. Melt temperature is typically held at 250–270°C, with the upper limit governed by oxidative degradation and the lower limit by incomplete fibre wetting. Mould temperatures from 80°C to 100°C improve surface quality and reduce jetting; mould settings below 70°C may produce a resin-rich surface layer and locally higher surface resistivity. Above 280°C, matrix degradation begins and carbon fibre may oxidise if oxygen is present.
Injection moulding screw geometry should be low-shear. A three-zone screw with 20:1 to 22:1 L/D and a compression ratio of 2.0:1 to 2.2:1 is preferred; high-shear mixing sections reduce fibre length and produce a stepwise increase in volume resistivity. Barrel temperature profiles are usually flat or slightly falling from rear to nozzle to avoid local overheating at the check ring. On production-scale multi-cavity tools, cavity-to-cavity surface resistivity variation is a known failure mode. Valve-gate sequencing, runner diameters above 4 mm, and controlled injection velocities of 60–120 mm/s help maintain the conductive fibre network. With small edge gates, filling is velocity-controlled rather than pressure-controlled; peak injection pressures of 80–120 MPa are typical for thin-wall housings.
In production-scale twin-screw compounding, carbon fibre is side-fed into a screw of 40:1 L/D or longer to minimise fibre attrition. Main-throat carbon-fibre addition produces excessive breakage and low bulk density, and is not recommended. Pellet moisture is controlled before packaging; opened bags should be returned to a dryer within 30 min when the plant relative humidity exceeds 60%. Regrind use should be limited and kept consistent because repeated processing shortens fibre length and shifts the electrical percolation threshold.
Carbon fibre at 30 mass% lowers surface resistivity from the insulating range typical of unreinforced PA12 into the static-dissipative range. Moulded plaques commonly fall between 103 Ω and 106 Ω, but a moulded part with long flow length may show higher resistivity far from the gate. Surface resistivity measured to IEC 62631-3-2:2016 must control temperature and humidity because condensed water can lower readings, while a resin-rich skin can raise readings above 106 Ω. Volume resistivity measured to IEC 62631-3-1:2016 is preferred for bulk-section static dissipation because it is less affected by surface finish.
Thermal conductivity is anisotropic: in-plane values exceed through-plane values because the carbon fibres orient in the flow field. Heat-sink brackets and sensor housings should be evaluated by in-plane and through-plane conductivity measurements on moulded plaques, not inferred from filler content. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion is also anisotropic and is generally in the order of 2 × 10-5 K-1 to 5 × 10-5 K-1 under ISO 11359-2:2021, with lower values in the flow direction. Where aluminium or magnesium inserts contact the carbon-filled PA12, galvanic coupling should be assessed and insulating sleeves or coatings may be required.
The PA12 matrix provides resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons, oils, greases, and dilute salt solutions. Fuel system components made from this grade are evaluated for volume swell and tensile property retention under ISO 175:2010 or ASTM D543. Alcohol-containing fuels are more aggressive than straight hydrocarbons. Published comparative permeation data for this exact configuration are limited; part-level validation under SAE J2260 or SAE J1645 should be performed where fuel loss limits apply. Road-salt exposure to calcium chloride or magnesium chloride brines is less hydrolytically aggressive to PA12 than to PA66 because the PA12 matrix absorbs less water at equilibrium.
Strong mineral acids, phenols, cresols, and concentrated formic acid attack the PA12 backbone and should be avoided. Continuous hot-water immersion above 80°C requires end-use hydrolysis validation; the carbon-fibre interphase can be slowly weakened by water ingress even if the matrix survives. Chlorinated solvents may plasticise the matrix and reduce dimensional stability.
Compared with a 30% glass-fibre-reinforced PA12, this grade has approximately 0.1 g/cm³ lower density and a higher tensile modulus. A PA12-GF30 remains electrically insulating with surface resistivity above 1013 Ω, which is unsuitable for static dissipation but beneficial for electrical isolation. Glass fibre also produces lower anisotropy and lower tool wear. Replacing PA12-GF30 with PA12-CF30 requires an explicit ground path, a galvanic-corrosion review for metallic inserts, and acceptance of the inherent black colour.
Compared with PA66-CF30, the PA12 matrix shows lower equilibrium moisture uptake, typically below 1.0 mass% at 23°C and 50% RH, against 2.5 mass% or more for PA66. PA66-CF30 offers higher heat deflection temperature, often above 240°C at 1.8 MPa under ISO 75-2:2013, but its dimensions and stiffness shift more in humid service. PPA and aromatic polyamides can exceed PA12 in dry heat resistance, but their melt processing windows are narrower and their density is higher. Published long-term ageing data for this exact grade above 120°C are less complete than for PA66-CF30; continuous service above this threshold should be validated under ISO 2578:2018.
In electrostatic-sensitive handling equipment, the grade is used for trays, nests, and end-effector bodies where surface resistivity in the static-dissipative range prevents charge accumulation without a direct hard-ground connection. Compliance with IEC 61340-5-1:2016 requires measurements on the finished part; cleaning with ionic surfactants can deposit an insulating layer and raise surface resistivity.
In automotive fuel pump flanges and quick-connectors, the material offers weight reduction relative to metal and lower moisture uptake than PA66. However, carbon-fibre orientation creates anisotropic shrinkage; tooling must compensate differently in the flow and cross-flow directions. Mould-filling simulation with fibre-orientation solvers, calibrated by short-shot studies on a representative tool, is used to correct gate placement and packing. Batch-to-batch fibre-length variation can shift warpage even when tensile modulus remains within specification; incoming pellet fibre length should therefore be monitored.
In precision optical benches and gear housings, post-moulding machining can release residual stress. Stress-relief annealing at 120°C for 2 h in a circulating-air oven before final machining reduces later dimensional drift. Published data for this specific annealing protocol in this exact grade are limited; the procedure should be validated by flatness and notched Charpy impact measurements before and after service-environment exposure.
The material is not recommended for continuous exposure to boiling water, high-pressure steam, or strong acids. Carbon-fibre-filled PA12 is abrasive; screws, barrels, and hot-runner tips should use wear-resistant steels or coatings, and maintenance intervals are shorter than for unfilled PA12. During material conveying, carbon dust may accumulate on filters and static eliminators; extraction systems rated for conductive particulates are specified.
