| HS Code | 952213 |
| Material | Polyamide 12 (PA12) |
| Color | Black |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Melting Temperature | 178 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 1200 MPa |
| Tensile Stress At Yield | 45 MPa |
| Tensile Strain At Yield | 5% |
| Tensile Strain At Break | >50% |
| Charpy Impact Strength At 23 C | No break |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength At 23 C | 60 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength At 30 C | 15 kJ/m² |
| Heat Deflection Temperature At 1 80 Mpa | 50 °C |
| Shore D Hardness | 60 |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L XE 10953 black PA12 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 25 kg sealed moisture-proof bag of EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L XE 10953 black PA12 granules. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL of EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L XE 10953 black PA12 granules, palletized and sealed for secure transport. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® L XE 10953 black PA12 ships as non-hazardous granules in sealed moisture-barrier bags on pallets. Keep dry, avoid direct sunlight, and store below 30°C. Standard road, sea, or rail freight is suitable; protect from crushing and humidity during transit. Handle with care to preserve packaging integrity. |
| Storage | Store EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L XE 10953 black PA12 in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture. Keep the ambient temperature moderate and avoid humidity to prevent water absorption. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically several years. |
| Shelf Life | Store in original sealed container in a cool, dry place. Shelf life is two years from date of manufacture. |
Multilayer fuel and vapor line architectures use Grilamid® L XE 10953 black as the inner liner because PA12 retains ductility at -40 °C and resists fuel permeation better than PA6 or PA66 in hydrocarbon fuel environments. Compliance validation for finished tube assemblies follows SAE J2260 for non-metallic fuel lines, DIN 73378 for PA tubing dimensions, and ISO 20860-1:2008 for connection interface requirements, with permeation measured under SAE J1737. For formulation, the extrusion-grade compound is processed neat; regrind generated from tube start-up scrap is limited to ≤20 wt% blended with virgin resin to avoid reducing cold-impact resistance. Coextrusion is carried out on a three- or five-layer line using a 30:1 L/D barrier screw single-screw extruder, with barrel profile 210/230/240/250/250/240 °C, melt temperature 245–260 °C, head pressure 15–25 MPa, and vacuum calibration at -0.06 to -0.09 MPa. Pre-drying is executed at 80 °C for 4–8 h in a dehumidified-air dryer with dew point ≤ -30 °C until residual moisture falls below 0.10 wt% per ISO 15512 Method A. Interfacial instability is observed when the viscosity ratio between adjacent tie-layer and PA12 exceeds 2.0:1 or falls below 0.5:1; line speeds above 80 m/min without a gear pump can produce tube ovality greater than 0.10 mm. Finished products include complete SAE J2260-validated fuel and vapor assemblies with quick-connect fittings for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles.
In compressed-air and brake-control circuits in trucks and buses, the dominant failure mode is burst-pressure retention after prolonged contact with compressor oil aerosols and zinc chloride road salt. For tubing complying with ISO 14743 and SAE J844, the compound is extruded neat, with regrind restricted to ≤15 wt% when wall thickness is 1.00–1.25 mm. If an OEM specification adds flame-protection requirements, a halogen-free additive masterbatch at 2–5 wt% may be introduced, but only after burst-strength validation on the production line. Extrusion uses a 25:1 L/D single-screw extruder with vacuum venting at -0.08 MPa, melt temperature 240–270 °C, die gap 0.80–1.20 mm, and vacuum sizing at -0.04 to -0.07 MPa. Melt temperatures below 240 °C produce visible surface roughness due to insufficient relaxation of the high-viscosity melt, while sustained temperatures above 270 °C degrade the impact modifier and lowering burst strength. Finished articles include coiled air-brake tubing assemblies with dimensions such as 6×1 mm, 8×1 mm, and 10×1.25 mm, terminated with push-to-connect fittings.
The black PA12 compound is extruded into thin-walled buffer tubes that isolate 12–24 optical fibres from moisture, hydrogen permeation, and mechanical load. Compliance testing follows IEC 60794-1-21 for mechanical performance, IEC 60794-1-22 for abrasion resistance, and ISO 4892-2 for xenon-arc UV ageing; tube shrinkage after 168 h at 85 °C must remain below 0.5 %. Formulation rules are more restrictive than in tubing: the material is processed neat, and regrind is not permitted because reprocessing introduces particulate contamination that can raise fibre attenuation by more than 0.05 dB/km at 1550 nm. The extrusion line includes a 24:1 L/D single-screw extruder with melt pump, melt temperature 240–260 °C, die tip 1.4–2.2 mm, vacuum calibration at -0.04 to -0.06 MPa, and cooling water at 20–30 °C. The high melt strength of Grilamid® L XE 10953 black permits tube wall thickness down to 0.30 mm at line speeds up to 400 m/min; however, line-speed fluctuation greater than ±5 % induces diameter variation above 0.05 mm, which is unacceptable for 12-fibre bundle termination. Finished products include loose-tube buffer tubes and microduct bundles used in outdoor fibre-to-the-home and long-haul cable constructions.
In engine-compartment and heavy-equipment harness protection, corrugated conduit made from Grilamid® L XE 10953 black must withstand stone chipping at -40 °C while resisting hot engine fluids at 125 °C. The relevant conduit-system compliance framework is IEC 61386-1, with low-temperature bending and compression tests allowing no crack formation. The compound is processed neat; the integrated black pigment provides UV stabilisation, so no additional UV masterbatch is required. Regrind from corrugator start-up scrap is limited to ≤20 wt% to preserve impact strength in thin wall sections. Production on a vacuum corrugator uses a 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder, melt temperature 230–250 °C, corrugator mould blocks at 15–25 °C, internal air pressure 0.4–0.8 MPa, and pull-off speed 5–20 m/min. Wall sections below 0.40 mm can exhibit localised thinning if melt temperature exceeds 250 °C; maintaining melt pressure between 20–30 MPa at the die stabilises corrugation depth. Terminal products include slit and self-closing corrugated conduit in nominal sizes from NW 7.5 to NW 40 for commercial vehicle and off-highway wire harnesses.
| Parameter | Multilayer fuel-line coextrusion | Fiber loose-tube extrusion | Injection moulding connectors |
| Pre-drying temperature | 80 °C | 80 °C | 80 °C |
| Pre-drying duration | 4–8 h | 4–8 h | 4–8 h |
| Residual moisture limit | ≤0.10 wt% | ≤0.10 wt% | ≤0.10 wt% |
| Melt temperature | 245–260 °C | 240–260 °C | 250–270 °C |
| Tool/water temperature | 20–40 °C | 20–30 °C | 40–60 °C |
| Regrind limit | ≤20 wt% | 0 wt% | ≤10 wt% |
Underhood electrical and fluid connectors made from impact-modified PA12 require sustained snap-fit force after heat ageing and exposure to alkaline engine cleaners. Compliance testing follows USCAR-2 for terminal mechanical performance and ISO 16750-3 for vibration resistance. Virgin pellets are dried to ≤0.10 wt% moisture content before moulding; regrind from runner and sprue systems is limited to ≤10 wt% for non-safety retainers, because higher regrind fractions reduce notched Charpy impact as measured by ISO 179-1/1eA. Injection moulding is performed on a 20:1–24:1 L/D general-purpose screw with non-return valve, barrel profile 250/260/270/270/260 °C, hot runner temperature 250–270 °C, mould temperature 40–60 °C, injection pressure 80–120 MPa, hold pressure 50–70 MPa, and back pressure 0.5–1.5 MPa. Residence time above 12 min at melt temperature greater than 280 °C causes a measurable drop in notched impact and formation of black specks; this is experienced on large barrel-capacity machines as unstable peak pressure during switchover. Finished parts include PA12 quick-connector bodies, sensor clips, and underhood snap-fit housings.
For alpine ski boot shells and snowboard binding highbacks, high-viscosity PA12 is selected because equilibrium moisture uptake remains below 1.5 wt% at 23 °C and 50 % RH per ISO 62, preserving dimensional stability across cold-dry and warm-wet service environments. Dimensional and interface compliance for ski boot shells is evaluated under ISO 5355:2019; flow behaviour is monitored by ISO 1133-1:2022 at 275 °C with 5 kg load. The material is injection moulded neat; regrind may be used at ≤15 wt% in non-load-bearing components but is not introduced into sole shells or highback load paths where impact failure is non-negotiable. Moulding uses melt temperature 255–280 °C, mould temperature 40–60 °C, hold pressure 30–50 MPa, and pre-drying at 80 °C for 4–8 h. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; therefore validation on the actual injection moulding machine using production-scale clamping force and gate dimensions is mandatory. Finished articles include injection-moulded ski boot shells, snowboard binding highbacks, and impact-loaded ski binding components.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L XE 10953 black is a black-pigmented impact-modified polyamide 12 (PA12) grade within the Grilamid L product family. The material is supplied as black pellets and is specified for injection molding and profile or tube extrusion where low-temperature impact strength, low density, and low moisture absorption are required. Under ISO 1183-1, the density of unreinforced PA12 is typically 1.01 g/cm³; the melting endotherm measured by differential scanning calorimetry according to ISO 11357-3 is reported as a broad peak in the 170–178°C range. The XE designation places the grade among the impact-modified PA12 formulations, and the black pigmentation uses carbon black as both a colorant and an ultraviolet stabilizer. Because dry-as-molded properties vary with mold temperature, wall thickness, regrind fraction, and moisture content, the current EMS-Grivory technical datasheet remains the controlling document for lot-specific release limits.
In the dry-as-molded state, impact-modified PA12 grades of this class exhibit a tensile modulus in the 800–1200 MPa range when tested according to ISO 527-1/-2, and Charpy notched impact values at 23°C frequently satisfy the no-break criterion of ISO 179-1/1eA. At −30°C, the impact-modifier phase suppresses the ductile-to-brittle transition that unmodified PA12 tends to show between 0°C and −30°C. That difference is the primary reason for specifying XE 10953 black in snap-fit fasteners, cable ties, connectors, brackets, and cold-climate clips that are assembled or loaded under subzero conditions. The trade-off is a reduction in tensile stiffness and creep resistance relative to unmodified or glass-fiber-reinforced PA12 grades; the low-temperature ductility is therefore the material selection driver rather than structural stiffness.
Compared with PA6 and PA66, the polyamide 12 backbone in Grilamid L XE 10953 black provides lower saturated water absorption and lower density. PA6 absorbs 9–10% water at saturation under ISO 62, and PA66 absorbs 8–9%; unreinforced PA12 absorbs approximately 1.4–1.6%. This difference produces smaller dimensional changes and less tensile-modulus depression in humid or fluid-contact service. The long-chain PA12 structure also exhibits better resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons and automotive fluids than shorter-chain polyamides, although aromatic and chlorinated solvents remain a limitation. Table 1 summarizes representative comparative values used for material preselection; the impact-modified XE class values are not batch-release limits and must be confirmed against the exact product datasheet.
| Property | Test method | Impact-modified PA12 XE class | Unmodified PA12 | PA6 dry-as-molded | PA66 dry-as-molded |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.00–1.03 g/cm³ | 1.01 g/cm³ | 1.13 g/cm³ | 1.14 g/cm³ |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 800–1200 MPa | 1100 MPa | 2900 MPa | 3100 MPa |
| Charpy notched impact, 23°C | ISO 179-1/1eA | no break or >80 kJ/m² | no break or 20–40 kJ/m² | 5–7 kJ/m² | 4–6 kJ/m² |
| Charpy notched impact, −30°C | ISO 179-1/1eA | no break or 25–40 kJ/m² | 10–15 kJ/m² | 3–4 kJ/m² | 3–4 kJ/m² |
| Saturated water absorption | ISO 62 | 1.3–1.6% | 1.4–1.5% | 9–10% | 8–9% |
| Melting temperature | ISO 11357-3 | 170–178°C | 170–178°C | 220–225°C | 260–265°C |
The comparative data demonstrate why PA12 is selected for humid or low-temperature impact service despite the higher strength and modulus of PA6 and PA66. Because PA12 has a lower equilibrium moisture content, parts maintain dimensions and stiffness better in changing humidity; however, this does not eliminate the need for pre-drying prior to melt processing. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for conditioned property retention after long-term automotive fluid immersion, so component validation should include the actual fluid mixture, exposure temperature, and weld-line location.
Relative to polyoxymethylene and polybutylene terephthalate, Grilamid L XE 10953 black has lower density: approximately 1.01 g/cm³ under ISO 1183-1, compared with 1.41 g/cm³ for polyoxymethylene and 1.31 g/cm³ for polybutylene terephthalate. Polyoxymethylene generally provides higher creep resistance and lower moisture absorption, while polybutylene terephthalate provides higher stiffness and better dimensional stability under load at elevated temperature. However, polyoxymethylene is vulnerable to acid-catalyzed depolymerization and polybutylene terephthalate to hydrolytic degradation in hot-moist environments; PA12 is the more robust option in cold-climate snap-fit and fluid-contact service.
Pre-drying of Grilamid L XE 10953 black is necessary when the residual moisture content exceeds 0.10% by weight. Desiccant dryers with a dew point ≤ −25°C are used at 80°C for 4–6 h; static oven drying may require 6–12 h depending on tray loading and air circulation. Moisture verification by ISO 15512 or Karl Fischer titration is recommended before thin-wall molding because residual moisture above 0.08% produces splay, weld-line strength reduction, and hydrolytic chain scission during melt residence. When ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%, cold pellets transferred from 5–15°C storage into a warm molding hall can develop surface condensation within 30–60 min; sealed containers and hopper dryers should therefore be used.
For injection molding, a starting melt-temperature window of 220–250°C is typical, with mold-wall temperatures of 40–60°C for wall thicknesses up to 2 mm and 60–80°C for thick sections or fine surface reproduction. Higher mold temperatures reduce orientation and improve impact retention, but they increase cycle time and shrinkage; lower mold temperatures may be applied only after verification of part dimensions and low-temperature toughness. Injection-molding machines with clamp forces from 80 t to 250 t are commonly used for this material in technical components. The screw should be a general-purpose polyamide design with an L/D ratio of 20–25 and a compression ratio of 2.0–2.5:1. Hold pressures are typically 400–700 bar for hydraulic machines, but the exact pressure depends on gate geometry, wall thickness, and part complexity. Venting depth at the parting line of 20–30 µm is recommended to prevent burn marks and allow complete filling at the end of flow paths.
For extrusion, melt temperatures of 190–230°C are preferred, and melt-pressure fluctuation should be held below ±5% of target to avoid dimensional variation in tubing or profile products. On single-screw lines, barrel lengths of 25–38 L/D with barrier or grooved-feed sections are used for stable transport and melt homogeneity. On co-rotating twin-screw compounding lines used for regrind homogenization or masterbatch dilution, segmented screw profiles with a total L/D of 32:1 are used to disperse the impact-modifier phase without exceeding 250°C melt temperature; high-shear zones should be limited because the PA12 matrix and the elastomer phase both undergo viscosity reduction under intense shear. Melt temperature should not exceed 280°C, and residence time above 10 min at the upper melt-temperature range should be avoided because the impact-modifier phase and PA12 backbone undergo thermal oxidation and chain scission.
The crystalline morphology of PA12 is sensitive to mold-wall temperature and cooling rate. Fast cooling at 40°C suppresses spherulite growth and improves low-temperature impact retention, while slower cooling at 80°C increases crystallinity and tensile stiffness but can increase part warpage and post-molding shrinkage anisotropy. Differential scanning calorimetry under ISO 11357-7 is used to separate the crystallization kinetics of the PA12 matrix from the effect of the impact-modifier phase. This sensitivity means that tool-temperature balance must be maintained across multi-cavity tools; deviations greater than ±5°C between cavities can produce measurable differences in impact response and part dimensions.
Weld-line integrity is a limiting factor in impact-modified PA12. When two melt fronts meet at low mold-wall temperature, the local impact strength measured under ISO 179-1/1eA can be 30–50% lower than the value obtained on an ungated specimen. The usual corrective sequence is to raise the mold temperature to 60–80°C, move the gate to shorten the weld-line length, or maintain higher injection velocity through the weld region to prevent premature solidification. In multi-cavity hot-runner tools, valve-gate sequencing may be required to place the weld line outside the mechanically loaded area.
| Process stage | Parameter | Recommended range or limiting value |
|---|---|---|
| Drying | Desiccant dryer dew point | ≤ −25°C |
| Drying | Temperature/time | 80°C / 4–6 h |
| Drying | Maximum residual moisture | <0.10% by weight; <0.08% for thin-wall molding |
| Injection molding | Melt temperature | 220–250°C |
| Injection molding | Mold temperature | 40–60°C thin wall; 60–80°C thick section |
| Injection molding | Hold pressure | 400–700 bar |
| Injection molding | Vent depth | 20–30 µm |
| Extrusion | Melt temperature | 190–230°C |
| General | Maximum melt temperature | 280°C |
| General | Maximum residence time | 10 min |
Grilamid L XE 10953 black is typically evaluated for service in aliphatic hydrocarbon media, automotive fuels, lubricating oils, greases, and aqueous salt solutions. The long-chain PA12 backbone provides one of the lowest water absorptions among engineering polyamides and better hydrocarbon resistance than PA6 or PA66. However, resistance to aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, and chlorinated solvents is limited; strong mineral acids and oxidizing media cause hydrolytic or oxidative degradation. Zinc chloride solutions above 50°C are a known stress-cracking environment for polyamide 12 and must be excluded unless the component has been explicitly designed with low residual stress and short service exposure.
Compliance is evaluated under Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) and Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS). Food-contact or drinking-water service is not automatically covered by the base-polymer classification; migration testing under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 or NSF/ANSI 61 is required for the final part, color concentrate, and converter. The black pigment package contributes to ultraviolet screening; however, outdoor weathering at high ultraviolet irradiance or temperature should be verified by accelerated testing under ISO 4892-2 because published data for this specific configuration is limited.
For fuel-contact applications, the base PA12 chemistry is often evaluated under SAE J2260 for permeation resistance. Impact-modified grades can show higher hydrocarbon transmission than unmodified PA12 because of the dispersed elastomer phase, so barrier applications require multilayer construction or specific permeation testing rather than an assumption of PA12 baseline performance.
On production lines, parts made from XE 10953 black are often gated with edge gates having a depth of 50–70% of the nominal wall thickness to reduce jetting. For thin-wall electronic housings and automotive cable conduits, injection speeds are profiled to keep the melt-front velocity below the critical shear rate at which the impact-modifier phase begins to orient and delaminate near the surface. Mold-filling analyses using the grade’s shear-rate-dependent viscosity curve from capillary rheometry according to ISO 11443 help set the initial speed profile, but actual machine response and cavity-pressure transducers are used to confirm filling. Batch-to-batch variation in melt flow rate is typically controlled by the manufacturer; if post-consumer recyclate or regrind is used above 20%, dimensional stability and impact retention should be revalidated because the impact modifier is shear-sensitive during repeated heat histories.
The grade differs from glass-fiber-reinforced PA12 and PA66 in that it accepts higher elongation at break and lower notch sensitivity at subzero temperatures, while sacrificing tensile modulus and creep resistance. For load-bearing brackets that operate above 60°C, a glass-fiber-reinforced grade with 20–30 wt% fiber content is more appropriate under ISO 527-1/-2. Conversely, for parts requiring low-temperature impact, low moisture uptake, and low coefficient of friction, the XE class is preferred over unmodified PA6 or PA66. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for long-term creep and fatigue under combined temperature, fluid, and mechanical load; component validation should therefore use the actual service spectrum rather than single-point data from general-purpose material comparisons.
