| HS Code | 343339 |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 45 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 1600 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Yield | 50 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | >50 % |
| Charpy Impact Strength 23 C | No break |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 8 Mpa | 50 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature 10 N | 170 °C |
| Water Absorption 24 H | 0.1 % |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25H FWA nat PA12 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaged as 25 kg net in moisture-proof, sealed polyethylene-lined paper bags, palletized and wrapped for safe transport and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading of EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25H FWA nat PA12: palletized PA12 granules, moisture-protected, securely stowed for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® L 25H FWA nat is a PA12 granulate supplied in sealed moisture-proof bags. Ship in original, labeled packaging, protected from humidity, direct sunlight, and heat. Standard dry van or container transport at ambient temperature is suitable. Avoid prolonged storage above 40°C; keep warehouse dry to preserve material quality. |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture. Keep the original, sealed packaging intact to prevent humidity absorption and contamination. Maintain ambient temperatures between 15–25°C. Avoid prolonged storage to prevent property degradation. Handle with clean, dry gloves. Shelf life is typically two years under proper conditions. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years when stored sealed, dry, and cool in original packaging. |
EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25H FWA nat is processed as the base polyamide layer in five-layer coextruded automotive fuel-vapour and tank-vent tubing where low moisture re-uptake and stable melt strength reduce inner-layer thickness variation during vacuum calibration. In the outer layer, a carbon black UV-stabilizer masterbatch is added at 2–3 wt%; the inner layer is run neat, and edge-trim regrind is limited to 15 wt% to preserve burst-pressure retention and permeation resistance. Compliance for this segment is validated against DIN 73378 for dimensional stability and burst-pressure criteria, SAE J2260 for road-vehicle fuel-system tubing performance, and evaporative emission thresholds aligned with CARB LEV III as referenced in OEM quick-connector specifications. Extrusion is carried out on five-layer coextrusion lines using 30:1 L/D single-screw extruders with barrier screws and spiral mandrel die heads; melt temperature at the die is maintained within 235–250 °C, vacuum calibration pressure ranges from −0.4 bar to −0.8 bar, and residual moisture after desiccant drying is held at or below 0.10 % before processing. Batch-to-batch melt-viscosity drift above ±5 % is a documented cause of wall-thickness asymmetry in the quick-connector zone, which subsequent leak testing rejects. The terminal article types produced from this line are 6–12 mm OD multi-layer fuel-vapour return lines, tank vent tubes with quick-connector ends, and evaporative emission control lines for gasoline and diesel systems.
The rejection of ovalized PA12 tubing in push-to-connect systems is traced to post-extrusion shrinkage and wall-thickness asymmetry that breach coupling O-ring sealing envelopes. Grilamid L 25H FWA nat is extruded on a 25:1 L/D single-screw extruder with a low-shear polyamide screw and mixing pins, closed-loop vacuum sizing, and a dual-axis laser micrometer that holds OD tolerance at ±0.05 mm; desiccant drying at 80–90 °C for 4–6 h reduces residual moisture to 0.05 % or lower, and melt temperature is limited to 220–245 °C to minimize thermal degradation and die lip deposit. The addition ratio is 100 phr neat resin, colour masterbatch at 2–3 phr, antistatic carbon black at 5–8 phr where ATEX or electrostatic-dissipative service is specified, and a silicone-based processing aid at 0.2–0.5 phr to suppress die drool during runs exceeding 8 h. Industry compliance is verified by dimensional and pressure-retention testing under DIN 74324-1, push-in coupling performance under ISO 14743:2004, and compressed-air purity compatibility under ISO 8573-1 where oil-mist carryover is expected. Finished goods emerging from this extrusion cell include 4–16 mm OD push-to-connect pneumatic lines, coiled control tubing for CNC machining centres, and electrostatic-dissipative air-supply lines for packaging machinery.
Compounding L 25H FWA nat for thin-wall railway cable sheathing begins with a co-rotating twin-screw extruder having 44:1 L/D barrel length; the base resin is fed at 70–75 wt%, and a halogen-free phosphinate or melamine polyphosphate flame-retardant package is side-fed at 18–22 wt% to prevent premature char in the melt phase. An antioxidant and heat-stabilizer package is added at 0.5–1.0 wt%, a processing lubricant at 0.5–1.5 wt%, and a colour masterbatch at 1–2 wt%. Vacuum venting at −0.9 bar removes water and decomposition volatiles before strand pelletization; melt temperature is capped at 240–265 °C because flame-retardant decomposition accelerates sharply above this range and reduces elongation at break below the cable-jacket minimum. The compounded pellets are then extruded as cable sheathing on a 24:1 L/D single-screw jacketing line with a crosshead die and pressure cooling, producing wall thicknesses from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm at line speeds that are adjusted to prevent draw-down ovality above ±0.03 mm. Compliance is demonstrated under EN 45545-2 R15/R16 requirements, smoke density testing per IEC 61034-2, halogen acid gas measurement per IEC 60754-1/2, and rolling stock cable construction rules under EN 50264-1. The converted articles leaving the sheathing line are thin-wall control cable jackets, data-bus cable sheaths, and jumper-cable coverings for railcar interiors and trackside cabinets.
Food-processing and potable-water utility tubing uses the low-migration profile of Grilamid L 25H FWA nat in monolayer and coextruded flexible lines subjected to repeated clean-in-place washdown cycles at 5–10 bar and intermittent steam exposure at 121 °C. The resin is processed neat at 100 phr; when white or identification-coloured tubing is required, a food-contact masterbatch is added at 1–2 phr, and regrind is excluded to avoid contaminant carryover and migration-limit deviations. Compliance for this segment is anchored to EU 10/2011 overall migration limit of 10 mg/dm², FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 for nylon resins in contact with food, and NSF/ANSI/CAN 61 for potable-water contact materials where the final tube is certified by the formulator. Extrusion is performed on a 20:1 L/D single-screw extruder with polished screw and barrel surfaces to reduce residence time, melt temperature maintained at 225–240 °C, vacuum calibration, and pre-drying at 80 °C for 4 h to reach 0.10 % residual moisture or lower. Installation-ready tubing formats produced under this specification include potable-water dispenser lines, food-transfer tubes for dairy and beverage equipment, clean-in-place rinse-water lines, and flexible connectors for water-filtration skids.
When CO₂ partial pressure and fatigue life determine the pressure sheath grade for unbonded flexible pipe, PA12 is selected over shorter-chain polyamides because of its lower saturated water absorption and retention of fatigue resistance after plasticization. Grilamid L 25H FWA nat is extruded in thick-wall pressure sheaths with a wall thickness of 5–10 mm directly over the interlocked carcass or anti-wear layer. Pre-drying at 80 °C for 6 h to 0.08 % moisture is mandatory, and melt temperature is held at 235–245 °C with a tolerance of ±2 °C. The extrusion line uses a grooved-feed single-screw extruder with 30:1 L/D, a melt pump to damp pressure pulsation, and vacuum degassing to remove volatiles from the melt. The addition ratio is 100 phr neat resin where high hydrostatic collapse resistance is required; for installation and service below −15 °C, a controlled plasticizer masterbatch is added at 5–8 wt% to shift the ductile-to-brittle transition, and a processing aid is maintained at 0.1–0.3 phr. Industry compliance is governed by API 17J for unbonded flexible pipe, ISO 13628-2 for subsea production systems, and supplemental high-pressure/high-temperature validation under API 17TR8. Published data for this specific resin grade in unbonded flexible pipe pressure sheaths is limited; qualification therefore proceeds through middle-scale endurance testing under API 17J rather than relying on generic datasheet values. The qualified terminal products are pressure sheaths for unbonded flexible risers, flowlines, gas lift lines, and subsea water injection lines.
Injection moulding of ski binding subframes from Grilamid L 25H FWA nat requires desiccant drying at 80 °C for 4–6 h to 0.05 % residual moisture, because release of absorbed water during plastication produces splay and lowers notched impact strength at gate regions. The material is processed at a melt temperature of 240–255 °C, mould temperature of 60–80 °C, and clamp force between 1,800 kN and 2,500 kN depending on projected area; valve-gated hot runners are preferred to eliminate cold-runner regrind in high-cavitation tools. The formulation addition ratio is 100 phr base resin, colour masterbatch at 1–3 phr, mould-release additive at 0.1–0.3 phr, and cleaned sprues and runners reground at up to 20 wt%; higher regrind levels are avoided because they broaden the Charpy impact distribution after multiple processing cycles. Compliance is checked by tensile testing per ASTM D638-14, notched Charpy impact at −30 °C per ISO 179-1:2023, and softening resistance per ISO 306 Vicat method. Moulded parts produced under this window include ski binding toe and heel components, snowboard binding chassis, high-flex eyewear frames, and cold-climate buckles.
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EMS-GRIVORY Grilamid® L 25H FWA nat is a high-viscosity, heat-stabilised polyamide 12 produced by hydrolytic polymerisation of laurolactam. The type code separates polymer family, viscosity class and additive package: L designates PA12, 25 indicates a viscosity number near 250 cm³/g under ISO 307, H denotes heat stabilisation, and FWA identifies a controlled formulation for food- and water-contact components. The nat suffix refers to natural, unpigmented pellets. In dry-as-moulded condition, published representative values include density of 1.01 g/cm³ to ISO 1183-1, tensile modulus in the 1400–1600 MPa range to ISO 527-1/-2, and notched Charpy impact at 23°C of approximately 6–8 kJ/m² to ISO 179-1/1eA. The grade is processed by extrusion and injection moulding and is used in fluid lines, cable sheathing, profiles and contact articles. Compared with low-viscosity PA12 grades, the 25H viscosity class provides higher melt strength but demands more attention to drying and melt-temperature control.
The FWA designation is a regulatory formulation marker, not a universal approval certificate. In the United States, PA12 is listed under 21 CFR 177.1500 for nylon resins intended for food-contact use; the listing imposes end-use temperature and food-type limitations that must be assessed on the finished article. In the European Union, plastic food-contact articles are evaluated under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, including overall migration and specific migration limits. Under that regulation, the appropriate food simulants are selected according to food type: 10% ethanol for aqueous foods, 3% acetic acid for acidic foods, 20% or 50% ethanol for alcoholic foods, and vegetable oil or 95% ethanol for fatty foods. The FWA formulation is intended to avoid conventional process aids that would complicate migration assessment, but the converter remains responsible for migration testing on the final part. For drinking water components, approval is jurisdiction-specific: KTW-BWGL in Germany, WRAS in the United Kingdom, ACS in France, and NSF/ANSI 61 in North America are frequently invoked. Each scheme requires article-level testing because seals, fittings, insert metals and surface-to-volume ratios influence compliance. Published data for this specific natural heat-stabilised configuration is limited across all national drinking-water schemes, so current supplier certificates should be requested before specification.
Within the Grilamid L series, Grilamid® L 25H FWA nat occupies the high-viscosity segment. The viscosity number near 250 cm³/g gives higher melt strength and better annular die stability than injection-moulding grades such as Grilamid® L 20H, but it also increases pressure drop in thin-wall tools. The H modification is intended to protect the polymer against thermo-oxidative degradation during processing and under continuous thermal load; it is not equivalent to UV stabilisation. The natural state avoids carbon black and colouring pigments, which supports food-contact part inspection and water-contact cleanliness, but unpigmented PA12 is more susceptible to surface degradation under outdoor UV exposure. Differences between FWA and standard heat-stabilised PA12 grades are largely regulatory: FWA grades limit additives and impurities that could interfere with migration or organoleptic requirements. The rheological position also separates this grade from glass-reinforced PA12 compounds. Unreinforced L 25H is ductile and low-density, but its creep under load and shrinkage are higher than those of 30% glass-fibre reinforced PA12 grades; structural parts with metal fasteners often require reinforced grades or metal inserts.
Drying is mandatory even though PA12 absorbs less moisture than PA6. Residual moisture above 0.10% by mass at the extruder throat can cause hydrolysis, splay and melt viscosity loss. Desiccant drying at 80°C for 4 h to 8 h to a final moisture content below 0.10% is standard preparation. The dryer dew point should remain below -30°C. Residual moisture can be validated by ISO 15512 Karl Fischer titration. Hopper residence time should be limited because over-drying above 90°C can oxidise the heat-stabilised surface and accelerate yellowing. In high-humidity plants, conveyance from dryer to feed throat should be sealed or short to avoid re-moisture pickup.
For tube, pipe and profile extrusion, single-screw extruders with L/D ratios between 30:1 and 40:1 and compression ratios between 2.5:1 and 3.0:1 are used. Barrel temperatures typically start at 200°C at the feed section and increase to 230°C to 250°C at the die. A screen pack of 60/120/60 mesh and melt-pump control reduce pressure surging and improve wall-thickness consistency. The melt should be filtered at 230°C to 250°C; prolonged dead time above 260°C accelerates oxidative chain scission and yellowing. Vacuum venting can assist volatile removal when residual moisture remains above 0.05%, but vent vacuum should not induce melt frothing.
In injection moulding, melt temperature is normally set at 230°C to 260°C and mould temperature at 30°C to 60°C. Raising mould surface temperature to 80°C improves crystallinity, reduces post-shrinkage and lowers visible sink marks, but it extends cycle time and may affect part release. Because the material is high-viscosity, gates and runners should be sized to avoid excessive shear heating; shear rates above 10,000 s-1 can generate melt flatting and surface defects in natural unpigmented grades. Regrind from natural sprues and runners can be re-used at up to 20% by mass if kept clean and dry, but higher regrind levels may reduce tensile elongation and increase gel-particle formation.
In service, PA12 is selected where dimensional stability in humid environments and impact resistance at low temperature are more important than absolute stiffness. The saturation water absorption of PA12 is about 1.5% by mass under ISO 62 at 23°C, while PA6 can exceed 9%. This lower moisture uptake reduces the change in modulus and dimensions between dry and conditioned states. Notched Charpy impact at -30°C is approximately 5–7 kJ/m² under ISO 179-1/1eA, which supports snap-fit, clip and cold-climate applications. However, the heat deflection temperature under 1.80 MPa load is only about 55°C under ISO 75-1/-2. Therefore, unreinforced PA12 should not be specified for load-bearing underhood parts exposed to high temperature; glass-reinforced or high-temperature thermoplastics are required.
Typical application areas include truck air-brake tubing, hydraulic hose sheathing, pneumatic control lines, food-processing conveyor profiles, and water-management connectors. In air-brake tubing, PA12 is used because it resists zinc chloride stress cracking and retains flexibility after repeated pressure cycling; final burst and fatigue performance must be validated on the converted article according to vehicle-specific specifications such as SAE J844, not from resin data alone. In food contact, the unpigmented natural grade supports inspection and allows visual detection of contamination, but the final article must be tested for migration under its intended food simulant and time-temperature condition. Compared with PA11, PA12 offers lower density and lower water absorption, although both are used in flexible tubing; the selection decision often turns on chemical resistance and dimensional stability in the specific fluid environment.
Table 1 consolidates representative dry-as-moulded ranges from EMS-GRIVORY published literature for Grilamid® L 25H FWA nat. These values are typical ranges, not specification limits, and they change with moisture, processing orientation, wall thickness and colour.
| Property | Test method | Representative dry-as-moulded range |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Viscosity number | ISO 307 | 250 cm³/g |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 1400–1600 MPa |
| Tensile stress at yield | ISO 527-1/-2 | 40–45 MPa |
| Tensile strain at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | >50% |
| Charpy notched impact, 23°C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 6–8 kJ/m² |
| Charpy notched impact, -30°C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 5–7 kJ/m² |
| Melting temperature, DSC | ISO 11357-1/-3 | 175–178°C |
| Heat deflection temperature, 1.80 MPa | ISO 75-1/-2 | 55–60°C |
| Heat deflection temperature, 0.45 MPa | ISO 75-1/-2 | 115–125°C |
| Water absorption, saturation, 23°C | ISO 62 | 1.5–2.0% |
The property set reveals the characteristic PA12 trade-off. Modulus and yield stress are lower than those of unreinforced PA6 and PA66, but density and water absorption are also lower. The high tensile strain at break above 50% indicates ductile behaviour, and the notched Charpy values indicate resistance to impact through crack initiation. The heat deflection temperature under 1.80 MPa means that structural load-bearing above this limit requires reinforcement or a different polymer. In extrusion, the high viscosity number supports parison and annular die stability; in injection moulding, the same viscosity may require increased gate size and reduced flow length.
Table 2 summarises the regulatory interfaces. Because the FWA suffix is not a single global certificate, the status of each domain must be verified against current supplier declarations and article-specific test results.
| Domain | Standard or regulation | Verification requirement |
|---|---|---|
| US food contact | 21 CFR 177.1500 | PA12 listed; end-use limitations apply |
| EU food contact | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 | Migration testing on finished article |
| EU drinking water | KTW-BWGL, WRAS, ACS | Scheme-dependent article approval |
| US drinking water | NSF/ANSI 61 | Product certification required |
| Chemical inventory | REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 | Substance declaration required |
| Restricted substances | Directive 2011/65/EU RoHS | Supplier declaration to be confirmed |
Chemical resistance is a further differentiator. PA12 is used in contact with aliphatic hydrocarbons, diesel, mineral oils, greases and many hydraulic fluids. It also shows zinc chloride stress-crack resistance, which is a known advantage over PA6 and PA66 in road-salt environments. Resistance is not universal: strong acids, some phenols and some chlorinated solvents attack polyamide. In hot water above 80°C, PA12 offers better hydrolysis resistance than PA6, but continuous-service data for this specific natural stabilisation package in hot water is limited. Pressure, temperature cycling and chemical exposure should be validated on the final part because weld lines, wall thickness and crystallinity influence long-term performance.
Natural unpigmented PA12 has no UV absorber or carbon black. Outdoor exposure causes surface chalking and loss of elongation unless the part is painted, covered, or compounded with a UV-stabilised concentrate. The grade is not flame-retardant and should not be specified where UL 94 V-0 classification is mandatory. Thin-wall injection moulding below 0.5 mm may require lower-viscosity grades to fill without excessive shear heating. For applications requiring maximum dimensional stability and chemical resistance in natural colour, Grilamid® L 25H FWA nat provides a defined high-viscosity PA12 base; the final converted article remains the relevant unit for regulatory, mechanical and environmental validation.
