| HS Code | 450514 |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.30% |
| Water Absorption Saturation | 1.1% |
| Tensile Strength At Yield Conditioned | 35 MPa |
| Elongation At Break Conditioned | 250% |
| Tensile Modulus Conditioned | 800 MPa |
| Flexural Modulus Conditioned | 600 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched Conditioned | No break |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 80 Mpa | 50 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 160 °C |
| Volume Resistivity Conditioned | 10^12 Ω·cm |
| Dielectric Strength Conditioned | 30 kV/mm |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25A NZ Nylon 12, Conditioned factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25A NZ Nylon 12, Conditioned, supplied as dry pellets in 25 kg sealed moisture-proof polyethylene-lined bags. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Load 20′ FCL with palletized, moisture-protected bags of Grilamid L 25A; secure firmly, distribute weight evenly, avoid contamination. |
| Shipping | Grilamid L 25A NZ is shipped in sealed, moisture-proof bags or drums to maintain conditioned moisture levels. Store in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight. Protect from impact and humidity during transit. Ensure containers remain sealed until use to preserve performance. |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry area in original sealed packaging to maintain conditioned moisture levels. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight, heat sources, and excessive humidity. Keep away from oxidizing agents. Ensure proper ventilation and stable temperature to prevent degradation or moisture absorption. Use within recommended shelf life for optimal performance. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically several years when stored in original sealed packaging, away from moisture and heat. |
In a single-wall air brake tubing line running EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 A NZ in the conditioned delivery state, the base resin is processed at 100 parts/hundred resin, with 2.0–2.5 phr of a PA12-carrier carbon black masterbatch added at the feed throat; the carbon black loading is governed by SAE J844 ozone and UV exposure requirements, not solely by colour. The downstream production process uses a single-screw extruder with a grooved feed bushing, 30:1 L/D ratio, and a three-zone barrier screw, with barrel setpoints of 210 °C, 225 °C, and 235 °C, adapter at 240 °C, and the tubing die held at 242–248 °C; melt temperature at the die exit is 235–250 °C, and melt pressure before the breaker plate is maintained between 10 MPa and 18 MPa to avoid surging from unmelted carbon black agglomerates. The extrudate enters a vacuum spray calibration tank at -0.06 MPa to -0.08 MPa and water at 15–25 °C, followed by a puller draw ratio of 1.15:1 to 1.35:1, with a laser gauge verifying outside diameters of 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm. Terminal product types are single-wall air brake tubing coils in 15 m, 30 m, and 100 m lengths, cut assemblies with push-to-connect fittings, and pre-formed trailer harness tubes; coils are reconditioned for at least 24 h at 23 °C/50 % RH per ISO 1110 before low-temperature burst and impact qualification. Industry compliance is governed by SAE J844, ISO 7628-1 for coiled air brake tubing, FMVSS 106 for fitting assemblies, and ISO 527-1/-2 tensile testing for raw resin certification; if drying before extrusion is required, the processor must not leave the material below 0.15 wt% moisture for more than 48 h without reconditioning, because moisture-depleted PA12 shows a measurable drop in -40 °C Charpy impact under ISO 179-1/1eA. On production lines, batch-to-batch die swell variation of ±4 % has been observed when incoming conditioned moisture falls outside the certified 0.5–0.7 wt% band; maintaining the calibrator vacuum in the upper half of the specified range restores wall thickness control.
Medical catheter shaft extrusion using conditioned Grilamid L 25 A NZ begins with a formulation addition ratio of 10–20 wt% barium sulfate radiopacifier masterbatch in a PA12 carrier, corresponding to 4–8 wt% elemental barium in the finished tube; no external wax-based process aids are used because downstream hub bonding operations show reduced lap-shear strength when such additives migrate to the outer surface. The downstream production process uses a 19 mm or 25 mm medical single-screw extruder with 24:1 L/D, a nitrided steel screw, a gear pump, and a spiral mandrel die, with barrel zones at 215 °C, 225 °C, and 235 °C, and the die held at 238–245 °C; melt temperature is kept below 250 °C to avoid degradation-induced particulates. The extrudate passes through a hot air gap of 5–10 mm into a water trough at 20–35 °C; puller speed is set against a laser outside-diameter gauge to achieve a draw-down ratio of 1.2:1 to 2.5:1 for tube outside diameters from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm and wall thicknesses from 0.05 mm to 0.25 mm. Terminal device categories include 6 F to 24 F introducer sheaths, diagnostic catheter outer jackets, microcatheter shafts, and braided guide catheter bodies with stainless steel wire reinforcement. Industry compliance for a finished device is handled under ISO 10993-1:2018, with the catheter shaft tested per ISO 10555-1; raw polymer documentation is cross-referenced to USP Class VI and ISO 10993-5 for cytotoxicity when the grade is registered in a medical device master file. Because the grade is supplied conditioned, desiccant drying at 80 °C for 4 h removes surface water but also depresses bulk moisture, so reconditioning at 23 °C/50 % RH for 48 h is required if post-sterilization kink resistance is part of the design validation; ethylene oxide sterilization under ISO 11135 at 55 °C and 60 % RH may increase moisture uptake and should be followed by dimensional re-verification after equilibration.
Under rail vehicle car-body underframe conditions, corrugated PA12 conduit is produced from a let-down blend of 70–85 wt% conditioned Grilamid L 25 A NZ and 15–30 wt% halogen-free phosphorus–nitrogen flame-retardant masterbatch in a PA12 carrier; the addition ratio is adjusted within that band to pass EN 45545-2 R22/R23 at the required hazard level without pushing filler content into a range where corrugated wall thinning occurs. The downstream production process uses a corrugator line with a single-screw extruder of 30:1 L/D, melt temperature at 235–260 °C, and a travelling caterpillar corrugation mold; vacuum forming is applied through slotted mold halves at -0.04 MPa to -0.06 MPa, while water cooling at 10–20 °C stabilizes pitch geometry. Line speeds of 5–15 m/min are typical for nominal diameters of 10 mm to 54 mm. Terminal product types are flexible corrugated conduit in 10 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 32 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, and 54 mm nominal diameters, supplied with IP67 polyamide or nickel-plated brass conduit fittings for bogie cable harnesses and car-body wireways. Industry compliance is governed by EN 45545-2, NF F 16-101, and EN 61386-1 for mechanical performance; railway supplier specifications may additionally require DIN 5510-2 for projects outside the EU. On production-scale corrugator lines, regrind addition above 10 wt% has been shown to raise peak heat release rate under EN 45545-2 Annex A and to reduce melt strength sufficiently to cause longitudinal folds; therefore process validation is repeated when post-industrial regrind exceeds 5 wt%. The incoming conditioned moisture content of 0.5–0.7 wt% contributes to ductile behaviour at low temperature, but vent vacuum of -0.05 MPa must be maintained so that surface moisture does not create pinholes in the corrugated wall.
The table below consolidates the governing standards, maximum addition ratios, and processing melt windows for the application tracks under discussion.
| Downstream Sector | Governing Standard | Addition Ratio | Melt Window | Terminal Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air brake tubing | SAE J844, ISO 7628-1 | 2.0–2.5 phr carbon black masterbatch | 235–250 °C | 6–12 mm coiled tubing |
| Catheter shaft | ISO 10993-1, ISO 10555-1 | 10–20 wt% BaSO4 masterbatch | 238–245 °C die | 0.5–2.0 mm catheter shafts |
| Rail conduit | EN 45545-2, NF F 16-101 | 15–30 wt% FR masterbatch | 235–260 °C | 10–54 mm corrugated conduit |
| Pneumatic control | DIN 73378, ISO 14743 | 0.2–0.5 wt% stabiliser masterbatch | 230–245 °C | 4–12 mm pneumatic tube |
| Beverage dispense | FDA 21 CFR 177.1500, EU 10/2011 | ≤2 wt% colour masterbatch | 220–240 °C | 6–10 mm dispense tubing |
For pneumatic control lines used in robotics and machine automation, the downstream production process starts with 100 wt% virgin conditioned Grilamid L 25 A NZ; the only permitted let-down is 0.2–0.5 wt% of a heat-stabiliser masterbatch, because higher additive loadings have been observed to lower burst pressure retention after 1,000 h at 80 °C in circulating-air ovens. Dimensional compliance is verified against DIN 73378 for polyamide tubing dimensions and ISO 14743 for push-in connector mating. Extrusion is conducted on a single-screw extruder with 25:1–30:1 L/D and a vacuum-sizing tank, melt temperature at 230–245 °C, water bath at 12–20 °C, and a two-axis laser gauge that measures ovality continuously; tubing is produced in 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm outside diameters with wall thicknesses of 0.75 mm, 1.00 mm, and 1.50 mm. A post-extrusion annealing step of 80 °C for 2 h is applied to reduce axial shrinkage before cut-length completion. Terminal product types are bulk 100 m coils, cut-to-length tube assemblies with push-in cartridge fittings, and bundled multi-tube sets for cleanroom pneumatic installations. Raw material documentation for EU supply includes REACH SVHC confirmation and RoHS 2011/65/EU declarations; processors using closed-loop water baths must maintain pH between 6.8 and 7.2, because alkaline water above pH 8 has been associated with surface hydrolysis at high line speeds.
Short-cycle beverage dispense tubing extruded from conditioned Grilamid L 25 A NZ is formulated at 100 wt% virgin material for the food-contact layer; no post-industrial regrind is used in the inner wall, and any colour masterbatch is limited to 2 wt% with a positive listing under EU 10/2011 and FDA 21 CFR 177.1500. The downstream production process differs from industrial pneumatic tube extrusion in that the die is polished to a surface finish below Ra 0.4 μm, the melt temperature is held at 220–240 °C to reduce low-molecular-weight degradation products, and the initial cooling water bath is replaced within 8 h to avoid stagnation-promoted biofilm formation. The tubing is drawn to outside diameters of 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm with wall thickness of 1.0 mm, then cut into 0.5 m to 3 m lengths for internal lines in coffee machines and beverage vending equipment. Terminal product types are beverage dispense internal tubing assemblies, hot-water and syrup line subsets, and quick-connect tube bundles for OEM vending equipment. Food-contact compliance is demonstrated through migration testing under the EN 1186 series and FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 nylon resin requirements; raw material change control should include an extraction study at the intended temperature because repeated exposure to 85 °C water for more than 1,000 cycles is outside the recommended service window, with hydrothermal ageing measured as a change in tensile elongation at break per ISO 527-2.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25A NZ is a medium-viscosity, natural-pigmented polyamide 12 (PA12) supplied for injection moulding and extrusion. The conditioned designation refers to a moisture-equilibrated state obtained at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity in accordance with ISO 291; accelerated laboratory conditioning to the same moisture level may be performed using ISO 1110 procedures. For sections of approximately 1 mm to 4 mm, this produces a typical absorbed water content of 0.5 % to 0.7 % by mass. Published physical data for the grade list a density of 1010 kg/m³ per ISO 1183-1 and a melt peak temperature of 176 °C per ISO 11357-3. The PA12 backbone has a lower amide-group density than PA6 or PA66; equilibrium water uptake at saturation is approximately 1.5 % by mass per ISO 62, which limits the dimensional movement associated with humid service.
The chemical basis for the property profile is the 11-carbon methylene sequence between amide groupings. This structure reduces the density of interchain hydrogen bonds relative to PA6 and PA66, producing lower density, lower water absorption, and lower dry-state stiffness. The molecular weight distribution of L 25A NZ is targeted for medium-flow moulding; it balances thin-wall fill pressure with sufficient melt strength for extrusion. Conditioned-state mechanical data are consequently softer than dry-state data but less variable across seasonal humidity swings than faster-cycling high-flow PA12 grades.
Water migration into the amorphous regions disrupts interchain hydrogen bonding and reduces the glass transition of PA12 from a dry value near 40 °C to below ambient temperature in the conditioned state. The resulting plasticization lowers tensile stiffness while increasing ductility and notched impact energy. Representative values from EMS-Grivory technical literature for L 25A NZ are compiled in Table 1. Values are test-specimen dependent; Charpy results in particular are sensitive to notch tip radius and conditioning time, and should not be transferred across designs without ISO-compliant verification.
| Property | Test standard | Dry | Conditioned |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1010 kg/m³ | 1010 kg/m³ |
| Tensile modulus, secant | ISO 527-1/-2 | 1500 MPa | 1100 MPa |
| Tensile stress at yield | ISO 527-1/-2 | 45 MPa | 35 MPa |
| Tensile strain at yield | ISO 527-1/-2 | 5 % | 15 % |
| Charpy notched impact strength at 23 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 5 kJ/m² | 10 kJ/m² |
| Water content by mass | ISO 15512 | <0.10 % | 0.5–0.7 % |
The secant modulus reduction from 1500 MPa to 1100 MPa is approximately 27 %. This should be applied in snap-fit spring-force calculations for parts that will operate in humid air or water contact. Conversely, the conditioned yield strain rises to 15 %, providing greater leeway for one-time assembly deflection; however, creep and stress relaxation at elevated service temperature are accelerated by moisture, so long-term retention force must be derived from creep-modulus data rather than short-term modulus alone. Flexural creep modulus can be measured according to ISO 899-2 at the intended service temperature and relative humidity.
Conditioned-state testing should be performed on specimens that have reached moisture equilibrium, not on freshly moulded parts exposed to ambient air for a few hours. For quality-control purposes, moisture content should be verified by loss-in-weight drying at 100 °C or by Karl Fischer titration per ISO 15512. Specimens conditioned to 0.5 % moisture can show differences in tensile modulus of ±5 % depending on crystallinity; therefore, the conditioning chamber relative humidity should be controlled to ±2 % RH.
Pre-drying in a desiccant dryer is required at 80 °C until the residual moisture content falls below 0.10 % by mass; conditioned pellets must not be fed directly to the screw because the absorbed water evolves as steam in the plastication zone and can cause splay or void formation in thick sections. Desiccant dryer dew point should be maintained below -30 °C, and hopper residence time of 4 h to 12 h is typical depending on initial moisture. Over-drying below 0.05 % can increase static charging and ejection difficulties but is less damaging than processing wet material.
For injection moulding, a nozzle melt temperature of 230 °C to 250 °C is documented for medium-viscosity PA12; mould temperature should be held at 40 °C to 60 °C to balance crystallization rate and part shrinkage. On a reciprocating-screw machine with a 20:1 to 25:1 L/D screw, back pressure in the range 5 bar to 10 bar hydraulic and screw decompression of 3 mm to 5 mm reduce melt-pressure fluctuation. Melt residence time should not exceed 10 min at processing temperature; prolonged hold times above 260 °C promote yellowing and chain scission in natural grades. Hot-runner manifold and nozzle temperatures should remain between 220 °C and 250 °C; local temperatures above 270 °C are not recommended because thermal degradation of PA12 accelerates rapidly.
Production-scale moulding with L 25A NZ has shown that residual moisture above 0.10 % produces splay at the gate and degassed silver streaks along flow lines; venting gaps below 0.02 mm at the parting line can generate burn marks and short shots in thin ribs. For multi-cavity hot-runner tools, the manifold balance should be within ±2 °C of setpoint; larger deviations cause cavity-to-cavity viscosity variations and inconsistent fill weight. A clamping pressure of 5 kN/cm² to 8 kN/cm² of projected area is typically sufficient for technical housings with 2 mm nominal wall; insufficient clamp force produces flash before full cavity packing is achieved.
For profile and tubing extrusion, single-screw extruders with 24:1 to 30:1 L/D are typically used; barrel settings from feed to die of 220/230/240/245/250 °C are documented for medium-viscosity PA12. A melt pump may be installed after the breaker plate to reduce pulsation; melt temperature should be verified by an immersion probe at the adapter and kept below 250 °C. Melt filtration through 60 to 100 mesh screen packs removes gel particles and reduces die-lip build-up. Vacuum calibration of tubing at -0.2 bar to -0.5 bar and cooling bath temperatures between 30 °C and 60 °C are representative for maintaining ovality below 0.1 mm on small-diameter pneumatic tube, but published data for this specific configuration is limited and must be verified with the production sizing die.
PA12 is commonly evaluated against PA6, PA66, and PA11 in hydrated mechanical systems. Table 2 lists representative comparative data for unreinforced conditioned polyamides; the PA6 and PA66 values are literature-derived and are not specific to EMS-Grivory grades. The operational difference is the saturated moisture uptake: 1.5 % for the L 25A NZ product versus 8.5 % to 9.5 % for PA66 and PA6. This lower uptake limits the post-moulding dimensional growth and modulus loss that occur in humid air, steam condensate, or water-filled housings.
| Polymer | Density | Moisture at 23 °C/50 % RH | Saturation moisture | Melting point | Conditioned tensile modulus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PA12, L 25A NZ | 1010 kg/m³ | 0.7 % | 1.5 % | 176 °C | 1100 MPa |
| PA11, typical | 1040 kg/m³ | 1.1 % | 1.9 % | 189 °C | 1000 MPa |
| PA6, typical | 1130 kg/m³ | 2.8 % | 9.5 % | 220 °C | 1000 MPa |
| PA66, typical | 1140 kg/m³ | 2.5 % | 8.5 % | 260 °C | 1600 MPa |
All table values are reported according to ISO 1183-1, ISO 62, ISO 11357-3, and ISO 527-1/-2 respectively. Dimensional change associated with the conditioned moisture content in PA12 is typically 0.1 % to 0.3 % in linear dimensions; this is lower than the 0.6 % to 1.0 % change reported for unreinforced PA6 and PA66 in similar environments. Large flat parts cooled non-uniformly may show anisotropic water expansion due to frozen-in orientation; post-moulding annealing at 130 °C to 150 °C in mineral oil or nitrogen can reduce subsequent warpage but alters crystallinity and must be evaluated per ISO 294-4 shrinkage procedures.
Water uptake in PA12 follows a Fickian diffusion profile in thin sections; the diffusion coefficient at 23 °C for unreinforced PA12 is typically in the range 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ cm²/s to 3.0 × 10⁻⁷ cm²/s depending on crystallinity and test method. The time to equilibrium for a 2 mm plaque in 23 °C/50 % RH air is therefore on the order of weeks, which is why accelerated conditioning per ISO 1110 is used for laboratory evaluation. The saturated moisture content remains near 1.5 % even after prolonged liquid-water immersion at ambient temperature; higher temperatures increase the equilibrium concentration slightly and should be measured with a Karl Fischer titration per ISO 15512.
Processing shrinkage for a 2 mm plaque is typically 0.8 % to 1.2 % parallel to flow and 0.7 % to 1.0 % perpendicular to flow, depending on packing pressure, gate location, and mould temperature. Post-moulding moisture conditioning adds growth of 0.1 % to 0.3 %. These values are relevant for gear centre distances and snap-fit insert moulds; tooling dimensions should be validated from production-scale runs rather than laboratory plaques alone.
Chemical compatibility in industrial service is differentiated from polyoxymethylene and polycarbonate by higher resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons, diesel fuel, hydraulic oils, mineral oils, and aqueous salt solutions at ambient temperature. Stress-crack resistance under mechanical load should be assessed according to ISO 22088-2 for the specific fluid and strain level. The operational boundary for PA12 includes strong mineral acids, phenol, cresol, formic acid, and boiling water; these media hydrolyze the amide bond or dissolve the polymer at rates that preclude long-term load-bearing use. Chloride salts, particularly zinc chloride from road de-icers, can induce environmental stress cracking in stressed PA12 parts at temperatures above 50 °C; published data for this specific configuration is limited, so field validation is required before replacement of coated metal in winter-service exterior locations. Natural pigmentation does not provide UV stabilization; outdoor exposure requires a carbon black or hindered-amine stabilizer system and testing per ISO 4892-2.
The glass transition temperature of L 25A NZ in the dry state is near 40 °C; in conditioned service the amorphous phase is plasticized sufficiently to remain ductile below freezing. Notched Charpy energy at -30 °C is therefore more stable than for PA6 at comparable moisture content. Snap-fit assembly calculations should use the conditioned yield stress of 35 MPa and a maximum permissible outer-fibre strain of 3 % to 5 % for one-time assembly; the lower value applies to features with sharp corners, weld lines, or elevated service temperature. For repeated disassembly, published data for this specific configuration is limited, and prototype testing on a production mould is required. Spring force decreases with moisture uptake because the secant modulus declines from 1500 MPa dry to 1100 MPa conditioned; designs must compensate for this shift by increasing deflection or section thickness.
Compared with polyoxymethylene, the 1010 kg/m³ density of L 25A NZ provides approximately 28 % lower part mass at equivalent volume while POM has a density near 1410 kg/m³. POM demonstrates lower moisture absorption and higher creep modulus at elevated temperature; selection between the two requires creep-rupture testing per ISO 899-1 at the specific service temperature. Relative to 30 % glass-fibre-reinforced PA12 grades, the unreinforced L 25A NZ conditioned material provides lower tensile modulus and lower heat deflection temperature, but superior elongation and less abrasive action against machined metal counterfaces. In sliding or snap-fit applications where glass-fibre abrasion of a metal shaft or housing is not acceptable, the unreinforced grade is specified; wear rate and coefficient of friction must be measured on a pin-on-disc apparatus per ISO 7148-2 under the intended lubrication condition.
Continuous service in air above 90 °C to 100 °C requires thermal-ageing assessment per ISO 2578; antioxidant additive systems are employed but oxidative embrittlement of the natural grade eventually limits service life. The heat deflection temperature under 1.8 MPa is near 50 °C for both dry and conditioned states because the crystalline phase dominates short-term load-bearing; under 0.45 MPa, the dry value is near 135 °C and the conditioned value is somewhat lower. These thermal limits constrain the use of L 25A NZ in underhood structural components where PA66 or PPA are selected for higher heat deflection temperature.
For sustained-load snap fits, the creep modulus in flexure should be measured per ISO 899-2 at the service temperature and relative humidity; short-term tensile data overestimate retention force in conditioned PA12. Finished parts intended for humid service are often conditioned by immersion in 50 °C water for 24 h to 48 h to accelerate moisture uptake; this reduces assembly breakage of snap-fits. After conditioning, parts should be dried at 40 °C to remove surface water only, not fully re-dried, because the mechanical properties would revert toward the dry state.
Under normal handling, the product requires no special hazardous classification; consult the current safety data sheet for melt fumes and thermal decomposition products. Food-contact suitability must be assessed against the relevant migration limits; published data for this specific configuration is limited, and the processor is responsible for compliance with applicable regional regulations.
