| HS Code | 312916 |
| Material | PA12-I |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.3% |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | -30 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 1200 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Yield | 42 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | >100% |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched 23 C | 25 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched 30 C | 12 kJ/m² |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B50 | 120 °C |
| Shore Hardness D | 70 |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 40 X PA12-I factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaged in 25 kg net moisture-proof bags on shrink-wrapped pallets, ensuring safe handling and storage of Grilamid® L 25 W 40 X PA12-I granules. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading of Grilamid L 25 W 40 X PA12-I: palletized 25kg bags, securely stowed, containerized, protected from moisture and damage. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® L 25 W 40 X is supplied as moisture-sensitive PA12 granules in sealed, moisture-proof bags. Ship dry, protected from humidity and direct sunlight. Transport at ambient temperature in standard, clean containers. Not classified as dangerous goods under typical shipping regulations. Keep packaging intact until use. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid® L 25 W 40 X in its original, sealed packaging in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Maintain ambient temperature and low humidity to prevent moisture absorption, which can degrade properties. Keep containers tightly closed when not in use, and avoid exposure to strong oxidizers. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is indefinite when stored sealed, cool, dry, and protected from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight. |
Extruded multi-layer gasoline vapor return and evaporative emission tubing is produced with Grilamid® L 25 W 40 X PA12-I as the outer jacket where low-temperature impact and methanol-containing fuel resistance govern material selection. The jacket compound is normally dried at 80 °C for 4–6 h to residual moisture below 0.10 wt%; processing with residual moisture above 0.15 wt% lowers melt viscosity through hydrolytic chain scission and produces surface defects in subsequent vacuum calibration. The formulation is compounded from 95.0–98.0 wt% Grilamid L 25 W 40 X PA12-I and 2.0–5.0 wt% carbon black masterbatch for UV stabilization; addition of clean in-house regrind is limited to 25 wt% of total throughput to avoid shifting flexural modulus and burst pressure. Downstream processing uses a three-layer coextrusion line with barrier screws in 24:1–30:1 L/D single-screw extruders, melt temperatures of 220–250 °C, and vacuum calibration tank pressures between -0.4 bar and -0.8 bar to control ovality. The inner conductive or solvent-barrier layer, tie resin, and outer PA12-I jacket are brought together in a feedblock coextrusion die with layer distribution controlled by gear pumps; post-extrusion cut tolerance is maintained at ±0.10 mm on outer diameter. The terminal components include fuel vapor return lines, evaporative emission tubes, and quick-connector stems and retention collars supplied against SAE J2260 and ISO 13775-1 dimensional and permeation requirements.
The presence of W 40 plasticization in Grilamid L 25 W 40 X PA12-I shifts the extrusion operating window relative to unplasticized polyamide 12 by lowering melt viscosity and reducing post-extrusion crystallization rate. Industrial pneumatic tube compounds are based on 98.0–100 wt% Grilamid L 25 W 40 X, with 0–2.0 wt% color masterbatch where blue, black, or transparent tube identification is required; higher color masterbatch loadings are avoided because dispersion inhomogeneity raises wall-thickness variance in 4–16 mm outer-diameter tube. Extrusion is performed on a single-screw extruder with 25:1 L/D, 2.5:1 compression ratio, melt temperature 220–240 °C, and vacuum sizing at -0.25 bar to -0.50 bar; the vacuum level is adjusted as a function of line speed to hold outer diameter tolerance at ±0.05 mm. In-line ultrasonic wall monitoring detects eccentricity drift, and the tube is coiled at controlled tension to prevent post-crystallization shrinkage. Finished pneumatic tubing is used in compressed air distribution circuits, push-in fitting systems, and rail pneumatic control lines tested according to ISO 14743:2004 and ISO 6358:2013 for connector compatibility and flow capacity.
In continuously flexing cable carrier applications, jacket compounds based on Grilamid L 25 W 40 X PA12-I are extruded over insulated conductor cores where cyclic bending at small radii, oil mist, and low-temperature impact impose simultaneous demands on the jacket. The cable jacket formulation comprises 94.0–97.0 wt% Grilamid L 25 W 40 X PA12-I, 2.5–4.0 wt% carbon black masterbatch, and 1.0–2.0 wt% processing stabilizer masterbatch; halogenated flame-retardant packages are not introduced without full requalification because the grade is not an inherent flame-retardant system. Pressure extrusion is conducted on a 24:1 L/D single-screw extruder with 2.8:1 screw compression, melt temperature 230–250 °C, conductor preheat at 60–90 °C, and staged cooling trough temperatures between 40 °C and 70 °C to reduce frozen-in stress. A pressure extrusion crosshead is used, and draw-down balance is controlled by screw speed and haul-off ratio to maintain jacket thickness uniformity at ±0.05 mm. Conformity is assessed against UL 1581:2001 and UL 2556:2021 for wire and cable test methods, with EN 45545-2:2020 hazard-level documentation generated where rail vehicle non-metallic materials are specified. Terminal products include spiral wrap conduits, drag-chain cable sheaths, and robot dress pack jackets.
Subsea hydraulic and chemical injection liners extruded from Grilamid L 25 W 40 X PA12-I are used where the liner must tolerate methanol, glycol, and seawater contamination under hydrostatic pressure without stress cracking. The liner formulation is 100 wt% Grilamid L 25 W 40 X PA12-I; no filler, processing oil, or regrind is introduced because contaminant ingress and batch-to-batch rheology shifts are not acceptable within API 17E qualification programs. For external sheath layers, the compound is adjusted to 97.0–98.0 wt% resin with 2.0–3.0 wt% carbon black masterbatch for UV and seawater exposure. Extrusion of the liner uses a 30:1 L/D grooved-feed single-screw extruder with closed-loop gear pump melt pressure maintained between 80 bar and 120 bar; melt temperature is kept at 220–245 °C, and the tube passes through vacuum calibration with continuous wall-thickness monitoring at ±0.05 mm. Long-term methanol compatibility data above 60 °C for this specific grade are limited; qualification testing therefore uses field-specific fluid mixtures under ISO 13628-5:2021. Collapse resistance is evaluated under API 17E design verification, with hydrostatic test pressures assigned only after burst and creep-rupture testing of finished umbilical components. Qualification documentation for subsea service is assembled under API 17E, ISO 13628-5:2021, and NORSOK M-630 material data requirements. Terminal products include subsea hydraulic control lines, methanol injection lines, and low-pressure gas lift tubes for umbilical bundles.
Compressed air brake circuits on European trailers use thermoplastic tubing that must survive cold-impact assembly at -40 °C, mineral oil contamination from compressor carryover, and continuous pressure pulsation in service. Single-layer brake tube compounds are formulated from 97.0–98.0 wt% Grilamid L 25 W 40 X PA12-I and 2.0–3.0 wt% color masterbatch; the low addition ratio maintains burst strength and reduces the risk of pigment-induced stress concentrations at fitting barbs. Extrusion is performed on a 30:1 L/D single-screw line with melt temperature 230–250 °C, vacuum sizing, and in-line spark testing to locate pinholes before cut-to-length operations. The tube is conditioned at 23 °C ±2 °C and 50 % ±10 % relative humidity for 24 h before burst pressure and cold-impact testing. Dimensional, burst, and low-temperature flexural requirements are evaluated under ISO 7628:2019 and SAE J844. Finished tubes are delivered as 6–16 mm outer-diameter brake lines, suspension air lines, and transmission air circuits for trucks, trailers, and buses.
Corrugated conduit production using Grilamid L 25 W 40 X PA12-I combines a high-draw corrugation step with vacuum forming, which magnifies moisture-related surface defects more than smooth tube extrusion. The feed blend for corrugated conduit consists of 72.0–77.0 wt% virgin Grilamid L 25 W 40 X PA12-I, 20.0–25.0 wt% clean in-house regrind from the same grade, and 2.0–3.0 wt% carbon black masterbatch; the regrind addition is constrained to a maximum of 25 wt% because higher fractions reduce melt extensibility at corrugator folding points. Drying to residual moisture below 0.10 wt% at 80 °C for 4–6 h is mandatory before the corrugator; moisture above 0.15 wt% causes fold whitening and periodic thickness bands at the corrugation troughs. The corrugator runs with melt temperature 230–250 °C, vacuum forming at -0.5 bar to -0.9 bar, and closed-loop outer-diameter control. The formed conduit is cooled in calibration blocks and then notched for flexibility; post-forming shrinkage is monitored to stay below 1.5 % in the longitudinal axis. Conduit products are specified under IEC 61386-23:2020 for flexible conduit systems and UL 1696 where North American machine-tool wiring protection is required. Terminal product types include EV cable protection conduits, robotic dress pack conduits, and machine-tool flexible cable guides.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 40 X PA12-I is a plasticized semi-crystalline polyamide 12 extrusion resin supplied as cylindrical granules. The PA12 backbone contributes lower equilibrium moisture uptake, lower density, and higher resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons and zinc chloride solutions than PA6 and PA66. The W 40 segment of the commercial designation indicates plasticizer modification that lowers Shore D hardness to approximately 40; the X segment denotes an extrusion-oriented viscosity profile. The suffix PA12-I identifies the polyamide 12 base in procurement documents but does not replace the ISO 1874-1 designation. Typical application areas include flexible pneumatic brake tubing, cable sheathing, and multi-layer fuel vapor lines in which low-temperature impact below -40 °C and resistance to fatigue under pressure pulsation are specified. Published data for this exact suffix configuration may vary by region; the lot-specific technical data sheet from EMS-CHEMIE remains the controlling specification.
For specification purposes, ISO 1874-1 designates polyamide 12 by melt viscosity number, filler content, and stabilizing additives. EMS-Grivory documentation places Grilamid L 25 W 40 X in the PA12 family with a melt temperature near 172 °C as determined by ISO 11357-3. The grade is a plasticized homopolymer, not a copolymer, meaning that the plasticizer is present as a discrete or partially associated additive phase. This distinction affects extraction behavior in aggressive ethanol-blended fuels and in contact with polar solvents. The material is supplied in sealed moisture-proof packaging with a residual moisture target below 0.10 wt%. Once the packaging is opened at ambient humidity above 60 % RH, the resin should be used within 8 h or re-dried before processing.
Table 1 lists representative property windows for plasticized PA12 extrusion grades based on published general industrial data. The values are not a substitute for the EMS lot certificate and should not be used for final part acceptance.
| Property | Test method | Representative window |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.03–1.05 g/cm³ |
| Shore D hardness | ISO 868:2003 | 38–42 |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1:2019 | 300–400 MPa |
| Yield stress | ISO 527-2 | 18–22 MPa |
| Nominal strain at break | ISO 527-2 | >50 % |
| Notched Charpy impact, 23 °C | ISO 179-1:2010 | 60–90 kJ/m² |
| Melting temperature | ISO 11357-3:2018 | 170–175 °C |
| Vicat softening temperature, A50 | ISO 306:2022 | 75–85 °C |
| Water absorption, 24 h immersion | ISO 62:2008 | 0.6–0.8 % |
Relative to unplasticized PA12 extrusion grades, the plasticized PA12-I profile lowers tensile modulus from values above 1400 MPa to the 300–400 MPa range and lowers Shore D hardness from approximately 75 to 40. This shifts the failure mode in flexural fatigue from brittle cracking to ductile yielding, which supports service in automotive pneumatic systems subject to constant pressure cycling. The trade-off is lower tensile strength and lower creep resistance at elevated temperature. Compared with PA6 and PA66, the PA12 chemistry provides lower density, lower equilibrium water absorption, and better retention of mechanical properties in humid environments; the same property difference supports dimensional stability in cable sheathing and fluid-handling components. Compared with polyether block amide flexible grades, plasticized PA12 typically has a narrower low-temperature service window but lower permeability to aliphatic fuels and lower water absorption than some PEBA formulations. Compared with PA11, PA12 exhibits a slightly lower melting point and reduced water absorption, but the two polymers occupy similar application space in automotive fluid lines. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for direct property comparisons with all PEBA and PA11 grades, so selection should be based on the end-use specification and actual lot certificates.
Design verification for pneumatic brake lines under SAE J844 commonly requires conditioning at -40 °C for 4 h, followed by impact testing on tubing subjected to heat aging and burst-pressure evaluation. Low-temperature impact performance depends on plasticizer retention and wall thickness; a wall-thickness tolerance of ±0.05 mm is typical for tubing outer diameter below 10 mm. In multi-layer extrusion, tie-layer selection must account for plasticizer migration from the PA12 layer into adjacent barrier layers. Excessive migration raises the glass transition and reduces cold flexibility. Production troubleshooting literature indicates that melt temperature variation above ±5 °C in spiral mandrel dies creates visible sink marks at the matrix layer interface. Published data for this specific grade is limited for coextrusion tie-layer compatibility; coupon trials are required.
For flexible tube extrusion, the resin is dried in a desiccant dryer to residual moisture below 0.10 wt%, typically at 80 °C for 4–6 h. The melt temperature is controlled between 190 °C and 230 °C, with the lower limit set by melt homogeneity and the upper limit by plasticizer volatility. A single-screw extruder with L/D 24:1 to 30:1 and a barrier screw is sufficient; grooved feed sections can generate excessive shear heating in plasticized PA12. Melt pressure before the screen pack is generally limited below 250 bar to avoid polymer degradation. Die temperature is set 10–15 °C above the melt temperature to prevent surface melt fracture. Downstream calibration by vacuum sizing at -20 kPa to -40 kPa gauge is used for tube outer diameter control.
Residual moisture above 0.10 wt% in plasticized PA12 causes hydrolytic viscosity loss, surface splay, and wall-thickness fluctuation in tube extrusion. At 0.15 wt%, melt strength decreases and the tube may exhibit ovality or poor vacuum sizing response. At 0.25 wt%, visible surface roughness and pinhole formation are likely. Moisture must be verified by ISO 15512:2019 Karl Fischer titration or an equivalent calibrated moisture analyzer. The dryer must maintain a dew point below -40 °C and sufficient airflow to achieve the target within 4–6 h. Drying at temperatures above 90 °C is not recommended because plasticizer migration to the pellet surface can cause screw slip and feed throat blockage. After processing, open-material hold time should not exceed 8 h at 60 % RH unless the hopper is fitted with a dry-air purge. Regrind usage above 20 wt% in plasticized PA12 increases lot-to-lot melt viscosity variation and should only be introduced after verification of melt flow rate and tensile property retention.
Melt filtration for flexible PA12 tubing uses screen packs of 20/40/80 mesh for standard wall sections and 40/80/120 mesh for thin-wall lines. The pressure drop across the screen pack is monitored per shift; a rise of more than 10 bar above baseline indicates gel accumulation or contamination and requires screen change. Frequent pressure spikes exceeding 250 bar total head pressure may indicate poor screw design, excessive screw speed, or regrind contamination. The use of automatic screen changers with continuous filtration is preferred for lines running multi-layer constructions because layer uniformity requires stable melt pressure within ±5 bar. Published data for this specific plasticized PA12 grade is limited for gel contamination rates, so screen-pack service intervals must be established from production trials.
Compliance must be confirmed against the specific formulation and colorant package used in the extruded part. The following matrix lists the relevant frameworks and the conditions under which they apply.
| Regulatory or standard framework | Applicability condition |
|---|---|
| REACH Regulation 1907/2006 | Substance of very high concern concentration below 0.1 wt% in each article, as declared on the safety data sheet |
| RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU | Homogeneous material limits for Cd 0.01 wt%, Pb 0.1 wt%, Hg 0.1 wt%, Cr(VI) 0.1 wt%, PBB 0.1 wt%, PBDE 0.1 wt%, subject to applicable exemptions |
| FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 | Nylon resins for food-contact use, provided the plasticizer and colorant package are included in the clearance; confirm with EMS lot certificate |
| EU 10/2011 | Plastic materials in food contact, overall migration and specific migration limits depending on food simulant and use temperature |
| ISO 15512:2019 | Residual moisture validation before processing |
| ISO 527-1/-2 | Tensile property acceptance testing |
| ASTM D638-14 | Alternative tensile testing under US specifications |
Strong acids, oxidizing agents, and prolonged contact with hot water above 60 °C can degrade the PA12 backbone. The plasticizer package is sensitive to polar solvents; acetone, methanol, and glycol ethers can extract plasticizer and raise Shore D hardness. Avoid combination with amine-based heat stabilizers unless the stabilizer system is specifically qualified for plasticized PA12 because premature chemical interaction can shift melt viscosity. Continuous use in air above 100 °C for unplasticized PA12 requires oxidative stabilization; for plasticized grades the practical upper continuous service temperature is generally 80–90 °C. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for high-temperature ethanol-blended fuel contact above 40 °C, and compatibility testing under SAE J2260 or SAE J844 conditions is required for automotive fuel or air brake tube qualification.
