| HS Code | 679656 |
| Density | 1.03 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 350 MPa |
| Tensile Stress At Break | 40 MPa |
| Tensile Strain At Break | 200% |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength | No break |
| Shore D Hardness | 40 |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B50 | 110 °C |
| Water Absorption 50 Rh | 0.8% |
| Glass Transition Temperature | -50 °C |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 W 40 X Nylon 12, Conditioned factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Grilamid L 25 W 40 X Nylon 12 conditioned pellets are supplied in sealed 25 kg moisture-protective bags. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loading of conditioned Grilamid L 25 W 40 X nylon 12 granules, packed in sealed bags on pallets. |
| Shipping | Grilamid L 25 W 40 X Nylon 12, conditioned, ships as non-hazardous polymer granules in sealed moisture-proof bags or drums. Keep dry, avoid excessive heat and direct sunlight during transit. No special transport classification required; standard freight handling acceptable with proper labeling and documentation. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid L 25 W 40 X Nylon 12 (conditioned) in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep the material protected from moisture absorption; re-seal partially used bags immediately. Ideal storage temperatures are below 50°C. Under these conditions, shelf life is typically two years from delivery. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2-5 years when stored sealed, cool, and dry, away from UV light and moisture. |
A compressed-air braking circuit on a commercial vehicle presents a narrow moisture-cycling window. EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 W 40 X Nylon 12, Conditioned is converted into 6 mm, 8 mm and 12 mm outside diameter tubing on a single-screw extruder with a 25:1 L/D barrier screw, a 60/80/60 mesh screen pack and a die land length at least 12 times the tube wall thickness. The conditioned mechanical-property data set assumes an absorbed moisture level of 0.5 % to 0.7 % after equilibrium at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity; the pellet entering the extruder is nevertheless dried below 0.10 % moisture, and the conditioning state is regenerated on the finished tube by controlled humidification. Melt temperature is held from 215 °C to 240 °C at the die, with a rear barrel zone at 205 °C and front zones between 220 °C and 230 °C. In the sizing tank, water temperature is maintained at 15 °C to 20 °C and vacuum is controlled between -0.2 bar and -0.4 bar; outside diameter drift greater than 0.05 mm is corrected by isolating the calibration sleeve and checking melt-pressure stability before restarting the line. The finished tube is tested for burst strength, heat ageing and cold flexibility according to SAE J844 and ISO 7628-1:2010; conditioning after extrusion is confirmed by impact testing under ISO 179-1/1eA following ISO 1110 accelerated moisture exposure. The terminal product is coiled air brake line for trailer braking, chassis-mounted ride-height control and dashboard actuation circuits, where the nylon 12 matrix retains flexibility at -40 °C and resists zinc chloride roadside de-icing salts. If the material is left in opened packaging for more than 24 h at 60 % relative humidity, it must be redried at 80 °C for 4 h to 6 h before extrusion; reprocessed edge trim may be introduced at 15 % by mass only when the rewound pellet has a moisture content below 0.10 % and a relative solution viscosity retention above 90 %.
Injection-moulded quick connectors and brake couplings made from this grade are processed from dry feedstock, not from conditioned pellets. The material is dried in a desiccant-bed dryer with a dew point below -30 °C at 80 °C for 4 h to 6 h until the moisture content is below 0.10 %. Melt temperature at the nozzle is set between 230 °C and 250 °C; mould temperature is held between 30 °C and 60 °C. When the mould temperature drops below 30 °C, the cooling rate suppresses spherulite development and produces an amorphous skin up to 0.15 mm thick; this zone then absorbs moisture unevenly during post-mould conditioning and creates part-to-part variance in retention force. The runner design uses full round runners with a minimum diameter of 4 mm and a sprue break point at 1.5 mm from the part; valve-gated hot runners are used only when the gate diameter is at least 0.8 mm, because smaller gates restrict filling and raise shear heating in the gate land. Mould fill pressure typically ranges from 80 MPa to 120 MPa, and clamping force is calculated at 4 kN/cm² of projected area. After ejection, connectors are stored in a conditioning chamber at 50 % RH and 23 °C; dimensional growth from moisture absorption is 0.1 % to 0.2 % on undercuts and bore diameters. The finished terminal components are push-in connectors for 6 mm and 8 mm pneumatic tube, used in air brake circuits, air suspension modules and selective catalytic reduction reagent dosing lines. Accelerated function tests follow ISO 14743 for push-in connectors and ISO 7628 for pneumatic braking circuit performance. Low-temperature pull-off testing at -40 °C is required because residual moisture can embrittle the undercut if conditioning is incomplete; connectors rejected for cold leak have shown moisture content below 0.35 % in the undercut zone. A production change to a shorter conditioning time is therefore not permitted without revalidation of burst, leak and pull-off at -40 °C.
The use of Grilamid L 25 W 40 X in push-to-connect automotive fuel and urea line couplings is governed by stress-crack resistance rather than short-term tensile strength. In service on truck chassis, couplings are exposed to 50 % aqueous zinc chloride solution from winter road salt. PA12 is selected for this duty because its lower amide group density compared with PA6 and PA66 reduces the rate of discontinuous crack propagation under constant outer-fibre strain. The moulded coupling is tested after conditioning at 50 % RH and 23 °C by mounting the part over a tapered mandrel to induce 2.5 % outer-fibre strain and immersing the strained region in 50 % zinc chloride solution at 23 °C for 48 h. After exposure, the part is removed, washed and subjected to a leak test at 0.6 MPa air pressure under water; any crack visible under 10× magnification is a failure. The terminal product is a male quick connector body for a diesel fuel return line, with a brass retaining ring insert and an EPDM O-ring; the nylon 12 body provides dimensional stability under fuel exposure because it has lower water absorption than PA6. The circular gate must not be placed within the weld line zone at the retaining shoulder; placing the gate at the shoulder creates a cold flow seam with a burst strength level that is not acceptable in hot-air burst tests at 60 °C. If the insert is overmoulded with zinc-plated steel, the zinc plating must be passivated with a trivalent chromium finish to prevent galvanic corrosion. Published data for this specific grade in all fuel blends is limited; qualification must include exposure to ISO 1817 test fuels and to a 50 % urea solution at 60 °C for 1,000 h before production release.
In rolling-stock and underground sensor installations, the same conditioned PA12 is applied as cable sheathing where low-temperature impact and abrasion resistance on stone ballast or borehole walls determine service life. The sheathing is applied on a pressure extrusion line equipped with a crosshead die; a tip land length of 1.5 to 2.0 times the conductor diameter and a drawdown ratio below 1.20:1 are used to keep molecular orientation low and prevent longitudinal jacket cracking after moisture conditioning. Wire preheat is set to 80 °C to 100 °C, and the cooling trough water is held at 10 °C to 20 °C; a flame-polished or electroplated die inlet radius of 0.5 mm reduces stagnation and black specks in the jacket. The jacket must be subjected to ISO 1133-1:2022 melt flow verification before extrusion to confirm the feedstock has not undergone hydrolysis during storage; relative viscosity retention below 85 % of the virgin value is cause for lot rejection. The unmodified material is not inherently flame-retardant, and it should not be used as a rolling-stock cable jacket claiming EN 45545-2 HL2 or HL3 compliance unless a separate halogen-free flame-retardant package is compounded at 25 % to 35 % loading; that loading changes melt viscosity and reduces elongation at break, so the cable manufacturer must re-qualify low-temperature impact according to IEC 60811-501 or ISO 6722 as applicable. The terminal product is a corrugated or smooth protective conduit for air brake harnesses, rail vehicle sensor cables and geotechnical instrument leads, where the jacket is exposed to -40 °C installation bends and repeated abrasion from stainless-steel cable ties. Dimensional growth after conditioning can reach 0.2 % on wall thickness; tooling compensation on the inner diameter is set to 0.15 mm on a 4 mm wall jacket. Because published data for this specific grade in long-term UV exposure is limited, converters using it outdoors must specify a carbon-black or UV-stabilized masterbatch and verify outdoor weathering per ISO 4892-2 cycle 1.
Automotive evaporative emission lines are produced as multi-layer structures because a monolayer of PA12 cannot by itself meet CARB LEV III and SAE J2260 permeation requirements at 40 °C test temperature. In a five-layer construction, the outer layer is Grilamid L 25 W 40 X, followed by a maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin tie layer, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer barrier layer, a second tie layer and an inner conductive PA12 layer. The die is a five-layer spiral mandrel die; outer PA12 melt temperature is set at 225 °C to 240 °C, tie layer at 205 °C to 225 °C, and the barrier layer at 195 °C to 210 °C. Interfacial instability appears as waviness or transverse ripple on the inner tube surface; the first corrective action is to increase the barrier layer temperature by 5 °C while lowering the tie layer temperature by 3 °C. The line speed is kept between 18 m/min and 30 m/min for 8 mm outside diameter tube; at speeds above 35 m/min, melt fracture occurs at the PA12 outer layer because the shear rate in the final die gap exceeds the critical range for this grade. The terminal product is an 8 mm inside-diameter fuel vapour return line in a petrol engine, with a wall thickness distribution of 0.75 mm outer PA12, 0.10 mm tie layer, 0.10 mm barrier layer, 0.10 mm tie layer and 0.25 mm conductive inner PA12. Interlayer adhesion is checked on a 20 mm wide peeled strip after conditioning; the inner conductive layer must not separate from the tie layer after immersion in test fuel under ISO 1817 at 60 °C for 72 h. The inner layer is a conductive PA12 compound with surface resistivity below 106 Ω/sq according to SAE J2260, and the outer layer is inspected for pinholes by spark testing at 3 kV before cutting to length. Because the barrier layer degrades above 220 °C, the die map must be validated after every screen-pack replacement; a purge time of 10 min at 180 °C is used before reintroducing the barrier layer to the five-layer melt train.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 W 40 X is a heat-stabilised, plasticised polyamide 12 (PA12) injection-moulding and extrusion grade supplied to the conditioned moisture state defined by ISO 1110. In the conditioned state, test plaques and moulded components are brought toward moisture equilibrium at 23 °C and 50 % RH; this state is distinct from the dry-as-moulded condition and must be identified on mechanical test reports. The grade is characterised by a semi-crystalline morphology, relatively low melt viscosity for thin-wall filling, and a plasticiser-modified amide segment response that reduces stiffness while retaining the low water uptake and chemical resistance expected of PA12. The following technical introduction addresses material specification, conditioning effects, processing boundaries, application behaviour, and comparative positioning against unplasticised PA12, PA11, and other engineering thermoplastics.
Conditioned PA12 differs from dry PA12 primarily because absorbed water acts as a low-molecular-weight plasticiser. The aliphatic amide segments of PA12 are separated by relatively long hydrocarbon sequences, which limits equilibrium moisture uptake compared with PA6 and PA66. Under ISO 62 water immersion at 23 °C, plasticised PA12 grades of this type typically approach saturation values below 3.0 % by mass, while exposure at 23 °C and 50 % RH commonly produces a conditioned moisture level near 0.5–1.1 %. Absorbed water displaces interchain hydrogen bonding, lowers the glass-transition temperature, and increases chain mobility. As a result, the conditioned tensile modulus is generally 20–40 % lower than the dry value, and notched impact resistance measured by ISO 179-1/1eA is typically higher. For dimensionally stable snap-fits and clip features, moisture-related expansion of 0.2–0.6 % in unrestrained mouldings should be included in tolerance calculations.
Conditioning kinetics are thickness-dependent. A 4 mm injection-moulded plaque reaches near-equilibrium at 23 °C/50 % RH after approximately 30–60 days, while a 1 mm film or tube wall stabilises within 7–14 days. Accelerated conditioning per ISO 1110 may use saturated salt solutions or forced humidity chambers, but the temperature must not exceed 70 °C if physical ageing and plasticiser redistribution are to be avoided. On production lines, dry-as-moulded parts should not be assembled into tight interference fits until the expected service moisture uptake has been accounted for. Automotive tube extrusion lines that use in-line water cooling do not produce conditioned material; off-line humidification is often required before final burst and tensile verification.
Tensile and impact data for Grilamid L 25 W 40 X should be read with the conditioning state identified because the conditioned values are the relevant design inputs for most indoor and ambient service environments. The property envelope below is indicative of a plasticised PA12 of this grade type; exact lot-specific values should be taken from the current supplier datasheet and verified against the relevant ISO method.
| Property | Dry condition | Conditioned at 23 °C/50 % RH | Test method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.02–1.04 g/cm³ | 1.02–1.04 g/cm³ | ISO 1183-1 |
| Tensile modulus | 1300–1900 MPa | 700–1200 MPa | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Tensile stress at yield | 35–50 MPa | 25–40 MPa | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Nominal tensile strain at break | >50 % | >50 % | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Charpy notched impact strength at 23 °C | 5–10 kJ/m² | 10–20 kJ/m² | ISO 179-1/1eA |
| Melting peak | 170–180 °C | 170–180 °C | ISO 11357-1/-3 |
Before melt processing, Grilamid L 25 W 40 X must be dried from storage moisture to a residual level below 0.10 % to prevent hydrolysis, splay, and inconsistent melt viscosity. A dry-air dryer at 80 °C for 4–8 h is appropriate for closed containers. The recommended melt-temperature window for injection moulding is 220–260 °C; barrel zones are typically set from 220 °C at the feed throat to 250 °C at the nozzle, with mould temperatures between 40 °C and 100 °C. Production experience shows that melt residence time should be kept below 10 min at maximum temperature because plasticiser volatility and thermo-oxidative chain scission increase above 270 °C. For thin-wall parts with flow-length-to-wall-thickness ratios above 150:1, higher injection velocity and a screw with a compression ratio of 1.5–2.5:1 and 18–25 L/D are recommended. Back pressure is typically maintained at 5–15 bar hydraulic to avoid excessive shear heating.
In multi-cavity hot-runner systems, the manifold temperature should be limited to 240–260 °C because dead spots above 270 °C generate yellowing and black specks. Gate and runner balancing should use measured shear-viscosity data from ISO 11443 capillary rheometry, not single-point MVR alone, because the plasticised melt is shear-sensitive. Mould-flow orientation produces anisotropy: tensile modulus and impact strength measured perpendicular to flow can be 10–25 % lower than values measured parallel to flow. Conditioned samples should be tested in both orientations for safety-critical clip or latch features.
Extrusion of flexible tubing and cable sheathing requires a single-screw machine with a barrier screw and screen pack to remove unmelt. The melt temperature at the die should remain 220–260 °C. Tube calibration vacuum and cooling water temperature influence crystallinity; slower cooling at 60–100 °C can improve dimensional stability but may reduce line speed. Batch-to-batch variation in plasticiser content can shift melt pressure by 5–15 % and should be controlled by incoming MVR checks per ISO 1133-1. Published data for this specific configuration under very high draw-down ratios is limited; line trials are required to establish stable tube ovality and wall-thickness control.
Flexible pneumatic tube, fuel-vapour line, cable conduit, and automotive clip applications use conditioned PA12 because of low paraffin permeation and resistance to chloride stress cracking. In truck air-brake tube evaluated under DIN 74323 or SAE J844, the grade’s plasticised response allows tight bending radii without kinking; cut sections show tensile strength and burst margins that are verified on finished tubing rather than raw granules. Low-temperature impact measured on conditioned specimens at −40 °C is an important acceptance criterion for exterior clip and cable-tie applications. Published data for this specific formulation at −40 °C are limited; part-level testing is required to establish lot-specific values. The material is not recommended for continuous immersion in hot water above 80 °C, strong mineral acids, concentrated formic acid, phenols, or strong oxidising agents because amide hydrolysis or plasticiser extraction can occur.
Compared with unplasticised PA12 grades, Grilamid L 25 W 40 X delivers a lower conditioned tensile modulus and higher elongation at break, which reduces the risk of brittle snap-fit failure during assembly. The penalty is lower heat deflection temperature and higher creep under sustained load; extended service above 80 °C should be evaluated by ISO 899-1 tensile creep testing. Against PA11, the PA12 backbone in this grade provides similar chemical resistance but lower equilibrium moisture uptake and, in many processing conditions, lower screw torque during extrusion. Against POM, the PA12 grade is softer and less rigid but has better resistance to acidic condensate and lower notch sensitivity in thin sections. Against PA6 and PA66, the principal difference is dimensional stability in humid environments: the longer aliphatic segments of PA12 reduce water absorption by roughly 50–70 % compared with PA66 at 23 °C/50 % RH, which translates into smaller moisture-induced growth and a more stable modulus.
Continuous-use temperature is not a single value for plasticised PA12. Short-term excursions above 120 °C are possible only with low load and limited time; long-term air ageing at 100 °C can reduce elongation and volatilise plasticiser. Ageing data generated according to ISO 188 hot-air ageing should be reviewed for under-hood clips and bracketry. At 80 °C in air, a plasticised PA12 can show measurable loss of strain at break after 1000 h; the exact change depends on part thickness and antioxidant package. In hot-water or glycol environments, hydrolysis resistance is generally better than PA66 but not equal to PPS or PEEK. Published data for this specific grade under long-term hot glycol exposure is limited.
Standard test methods commonly used to qualify incoming lots and released PA12 components are listed below. The table is not a substitute for the supplier’s certificate of analysis, but it establishes the test-state consistency required for specification discussions.
| Test parameter | Standard designation | Typical test state or notes |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 23 °C; injection-moulded plaque |
| Tensile properties | ISO 527-1/-2 | Dry and conditioned; 1 mm or 4 mm specimen |
| Charpy notched impact | ISO 179-1/1eA | 23 °C; edgewise notched |
| Melt volume-flow rate | ISO 1133-1 | Predried to <0.10 %; 275 °C/5 kg |
| Capillary melt viscosity | ISO 11443 | Shear sweep from 100–5000 s⁻¹ |
| Moisture absorption | ISO 62 | 23 °C water immersion or 50 % RH |
| Heat deflection temperature | ISO 75-1/-2 | Method A or B; state stress and edgewise position |
| Vicat softening temperature | ISO 306 | B50 or A50; state load and heating rate |
Regulatory verification for a specific colour and lot should be confirmed with the supplier because additives can affect food-contact status. The base resin is typically evaluated for heavy-metal restrictions under RoHS 2011/65/EU Annex II and for SVHC disclosure under REACH. If a final article is intended for repeated food contact, migration testing under EU 10/2011 and FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 for nylon resins is required on the finished part; published data for this specific plasticised, heat-stabilised grade is limited. In medical or pharmaceutical applications, cleaning-agent compatibility and repeated autoclave cycles must be qualified on the final component because plasticiser migration and surface tack can be operationally significant.
