| HS Code | 373123 |
| Material | PA12-I |
| Density | 1.03 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 900 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Yield | 38 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | >200 % |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength 23 C | 55 kJ/m² |
| Shore D Hardness | 55 |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.2 % |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B50 | 80 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 70 °C |
| Melt Volume Flow Rate 230 C 2 16 Kg | 20 cm³/10 min |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 40 NZ PA12-I factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Available in 25 kg moisture-proof multi-layer bags, sealed to protect Grilamid® L 25 W 40 NZ PA12-I pellets from moisture uptake. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loaded with Grilamid L25 W40 NZ PA12-I granules, palletized in 25 kg bags, maximizing capacity safely. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® L 25 W 40 NZ is a polyamide 12 resin supplied as moisture-sensitive pellets. Ship in sealed, dry containers to prevent water absorption. Store away from heat, ignition sources, and direct sunlight. Use dry, clean handling equipment. Transport non-hazardously under normal conditions, protecting from mechanical damage and condensation. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid® L 25 W 40 NZ in its original, unopened packaging in a cool, dry place. Keep away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and high humidity to prevent moisture pickup and degradation. Ideal storage temperature is below 30°C. Properly stored, the material maintains its properties for at least five years. |
| Shelf Life | Store in original sealed packaging, dry and cool. Shelf life is at least five years from date of delivery. |
In truck air brake systems, EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 40 NZ PA12-I is converted on grooved-barrel single-screw extruders with 30:1 L/D and barrier screws, following pre-drying in a desiccant dryer at 80°C for 4–8 h until residual moisture is below 0.10% by weight, because higher moisture shifts melt viscosity and produces surface defects such as shark skin and internal voids. The barrel profile is normally held between 210°C and 245°C, with the adapter and die at 230–240°C, while residence time above 270°C or dead spots in the head cause oxidative yellowing and a measurable loss in Charpy notched impact under ISO 179-1/1eA. Vacuum calibration in a closed water bath produces air brake lines with outside diameters from 8 mm to 16 mm and wall thicknesses from 0.75 mm to 1.50 mm, with ovality detected by in-line laser diameter gauges at 100 Hz. Finished tubing is screened under SAE J844 and ISO 7628 for burst pressure at 23°C and 80°C, cold impact at −40°C, and zinc chloride environmental stress cracking resistance. Production-line failure modes include fitting blow-off when tube ovality exceeds 0.15 mm or when spigot retention is lost due to insufficient cold crystallisation; cold crystallinity is promoted by maintaining a water bath temperature of 20–30°C and sufficient post-sizing residence time.
Multilayer fuel vapour return lines use an outer layer of impact-modified PA12-I for stone impact resistance and low-temperature ductility at chassis level, with an EVOH barrier and maleic anhydride-grafted tie resins on both sides. Adhesion is governed primarily by the melt temperature at the interfacial merge point, tie-layer thickness, and the shear history in the spiral mandrel or multi-layer die. For this PA12-I outer layer, melt temperature is limited to 240–250°C at the die exit because higher temperatures reduce the viscosity of the impact-modified phase and create interfacial waviness. Layer thickness ratios in fuel lines are often specified as 10–20% outer PA12-I, 3–5% tie resin, 3–5% EVOH, with the remainder a conductive inner PA12 to meet electrostatic dissipation requirements of SAE J2260. The coextruded structure is tested for cold impact at −40°C and for hydrocarbon permeation at 40°C using Fuel C and CE10. Published data for this specific grade in full vehicle evaporative emission systems is limited, so validation must be repeated after any change in regrind content above 20%. A production hazard is void formation at the tie-layer interface when the mandrel temperature differs from the outer layer melt temperature by more than 10°C; the defect appears as delamination during post-extrusion flaring and is quantified by burst pressure retention after thermal cycling from −40°C to 100°C for 100 cycles.
Pneumatic instrumentation in refineries frequently transmits 20–100 kPa control signals through small-bore tubing where failure from embrittlement in cold weather or fitting blow-out becomes a plant shutdown event. In these lines PA12-I tubing is used because its water absorption under ISO 62 is lower than that of PA6 or PA66; saturation at 23°C is approximately 1.5% by weight, which reduces dimensional growth in humid environments and allows stable push-in fitting retention. Tube sizes from 4 mm to 12 mm outside diameter are extruded to an outside diameter tolerance of ±0.10 mm and are tested by burst pressure at 23°C, with a minimum safety factor of 3:1 over nominal operating pressure. The lower modulus of impact-modified PA12-I, typically below 1,500 MPa at 23°C under ISO 527-2, permits a smaller minimum bend radius than rigid PA12, but sharp bends below 3 times the outside diameter generate kinking and should be avoided in plant installation. Operational boundaries include avoidance of continuous hot wet air above 80°C and of phosphate ester hydraulic fluids or strong oxidising acids; the tubing is suitable for compressed air and inert gases but not for chlorinated solvents in continuous service. The same grade can be used for cable protection conduits, although regrind content above 30% reduces low-temperature impact stability.
When quick connectors replace brass in under-hood fuel housings, the design must account for the lower creep resistance of unfilled impact-modified PA12-I and for the relaxation of snap-fit retention after heat aging. Moulding is carried out with a three-zone screw, a non-return valve, and back pressure of 5–10 bar; melt temperature is set at 240–260°C, with mould temperature between 40°C and 80°C to achieve sufficient crystallinity for fuel resistance. The cooling time for a 2 mm wall is typically 8–12 s; demoulding too early causes ovality and reduced snap-fit retention. Tensile modulus under ISO 527-2 and Charpy notched impact under ISO 179-1/1eA at −40°C are the design inputs for snap arm geometry; the allowable outer fibre strain for continuous exposure to fuel vapour at 100°C should not exceed a conservative 2.5% in the assembled state. The material withstands automotive gasoline, diesel, and biodiesel blends up to B30 at temperatures up to 80°C, but exposure to B100 at 120°C and to methanol blends above M15 requires joint validation because PA12 undergoes stress cracking when the fuel absorbs water and creates acidic oxidation products. Production-line failure modes include gate blush and jetting at direct gates; a tab gate or tunnel gate of 1.0–1.5 mm diameter is preferred for unfilled PA12-I. Parts are conditioned for 24 h at 23°C and 50% relative humidity before assembly to stabilise dimensions and avoid snap-fit cracking in dry-as-moulded parts.
| Application | Governing standard | Critical screening condition | Material attribute screened |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air brake tubing | SAE J844, ISO 7628 | burst at 23°C and 80°C; cold impact at −40°C; ZnCl₂ immersion | Cold-temperature ductility, environmental stress cracking resistance |
| Fuel vapour return line | SAE J2260 | Fuel C and CE10 at 40°C; thermal cycling −40°C to 100°C | Interlayer adhesion, hydrocarbon permeation |
| Quick connectors | ISO 527-2, ISO 179-1/1eA | tensile at 23°C; Charpy notched at −40°C; heat aging at 100°C | Snap-fit retention, creep relaxation |
| Cable jacket | ISO 6722-1, LV 112 | abrasion cycling; cold impact at −40°C; aging at 125°C for 3,000 h | Low-temperature flexibility, abrasion resistance |
| Pump tubing | ISO 175, ISO 178 | diesel immersion at 80°C; flexural strain at 3.5% | Chemical resistance, flexural fatigue |
In cable jacket extrusion for cold-climate automotive and industrial machinery, PA12-I is processed by pressure tooling on a 24:1 to 30:1 single-screw line with a screen pack downstream of the breaker plate. Barrel temperatures from 200°C to 240°C and melt temperature at the die of 230–250°C avoid pre-cracking the impact modifier; excessive screw speed above 80 rpm on a 60 mm line may over-shear the melt and reduce jacket elongation at break below 200% under ISO 527-2. The jacketing line runs at 20–150 m/min depending on cable outside diameter, with a 20–40°C water trough and air wipe before capstan. Abrasion resistance is screened under ISO 6722-1, cold impact at −40°C is mandatory for automotive Class D and Class E applications, and long-term heat aging is verified at 125°C for 3,000 h. Flame retardance is not inherent to PA12-I; if a UL 94 V-0 classification is required, the use of halogen-free intumescent or phosphorus-based additives shifts low-temperature impact and flexural modulus, requiring a new extrusion validation. Jackets exposed to road de-icing brines are tested for environmental stress cracking because chloride-bearing water at 60–80°C can initiate micro-crazing in stressed sections near tight cable bends.
Chemical-resistant pump tubing operating below −20°C uses impact-modified PA12-I to prevent cracking at clamp points and to tolerate flex cycling in diaphragm and peristaltic pumps. Flexural modulus under ISO 178 and Charpy notched impact at −40°C under ISO 179-1/1eA are the primary material selection criteria; the ductile-to-brittle transition of PA12-I is sufficiently low to maintain compliance in arctic installations. Hydraulic oils, diesel, and aliphatic hydrocarbons are handled without softening, but polar solvents, strong acids, and hot chlorinated media are outside the material’s ISO 175 chemical resistance envelope. In peristaltic applications, the tubing is operated at a compression ratio of 10–15% and run at 1 Hz or lower to keep hysteretic heat below 40°C; higher frequencies lead to internal heat generation that accelerates fatigue and increases the risk of surface cracking at the clamp edges. Pump tubing made from this PA12-I is generally not suitable for continuous pharmaceutical or food contact unless the specific grade is validated under EU 10/2011 or USP Class VI; the L 25 W 40 NZ designation does not by itself confer food-contact approval. Because published data for this specific configuration in peristaltic service is limited, service life must be confirmed on the actual pump head geometry and with the actual chemical mixture.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 40 NZ PA12-I is an unfilled, plasticizer-modified, heat-stabilized polyamide 12 compound classified for injection-moulding applications. The material belongs to the EMS Grilamid L family, in which “L” denotes PA12, “25” identifies the viscosity class, “W” indicates heat stabilization, “40” denotes a relatively high plasticizer level, and “NZ” identifies a nucleated natural variant. The base polymer is synthesised from laurolactam, producing a semicrystalline aliphatic polyamide with lower equilibrium moisture absorption than PA6 or PA66. Under ISO 1183-1, unfilled PA12 compounds of this class typically exhibit density in the range 0.99 g/cm³ to 1.01 g/cm³ after conditioning; plasticizer addition, pigmentation, and moisture can move the as-moulded value by several hundredths of a gram per cubic centimetre.
The grade is specified for injection-moulded parts that require snap-fit assembly, dynamic flexing, low-temperature ductility, or resistance to oils, greases, road salt, and diesel fuel. Typical applications include automotive clips, cable harness components, pneumatic line connectors, protective conduit fittings, strain-relief bushings, and snap-fit housings. Factory practice favours standard reciprocating-screw injection machines with clamp forces from 350 kN to 2,500 kN, shot sizes between 30% and 80% of barrel capacity, and general-purpose three-zone screws. The material may also be used in extrusion operations where a flexible PA12 sheath, tube, or conduit profile is required; however, the injection-moulding designation PA12-I indicates that the primary compounding and rheology targets are optimised for mould fill and ejection.
Plasticizer incorporation in a PA12 compound reduces intermolecular hydrogen bonding, lowers the glass transition, and shifts the tensile response toward lower modulus and higher elongation. Under ISO 527-1/-2, plasticized PA12 grades in this class typically produce dry-as-moulded tensile modulus values between 400 MPa and 800 MPa, compared with approximately 1,200 MPa to 1,500 MPa for an unplasticized PA12 of similar viscosity. Elongation at yield commonly exceeds 20%, and elongation at break can exceed 100% depending on conditioning and test speed. The exact figures for Grilamid® L 25 W 40 NZ PA12-I should be read from the current EMS technical datasheet because compound formulation, pigment type, and moisture conditioning shift the curve.
The trade-off is thermal and creep resistance. Plasticizer lowers heat deflection temperature and Vicat softening temperature and increases creep under sustained load. When the component operates continuously above 60 °C under mechanical load, design validation should include creep data generated to ISO 899-1 on conditioned specimens. The material is not a direct substitute for glass-fibre-reinforced PA12 in load-bearing brackets or structural housings because the absence of fibre reinforcement limits long-term modulus retention and creates higher strain recovery.
Low-temperature impact is the principal reason for specifying the W 40 level. Notched Charpy testing under ISO 179-1/1eA at -30 °C or -40 °C is commonly used for incoming validation. Plasticized PA12 compounds can retain ductile puncture and crack-arrest behaviour where unplasticized PA12 grades may exhibit brittle fracture. The operational boundary is plasticizer permanence: prolonged contact with hot polar media, aggressive solvents, or continuously circulated coolant above 80 °C can extract low-molecular-mass constituents and shift both mass and impact response. If the application includes exposure to methanol, glycol, or brake fluid at elevated temperature, immersion testing should be conducted on moulded plaques rather than assumed from neat resin data.
The drying behaviour of Grilamid® L 25 W 40 NZ PA12-I follows the general pattern of polyamide 12: moisture absorption is slower and the equilibrium level is lower than PA6 or PA66. In production environments above 60% RH, pellet exposure to ambient air can raise surface moisture sufficiently to generate splay, reduce molecular weight, and create shot-to-shot viscosity drift. Desiccant drying at 70 °C to 80 °C for 4 h to 8 h with a dew point below -30 °C is normally adequate to reduce moisture below 0.10% by weight. The drying hopper should be sized to machine throughput so that material does not remain at temperature for more than 12 h, and dried resin should be conveyed in dry-air lines rather than open buckets.
Moulded parts exposed to wet service can re-absorb moisture. Because PA12 has low water absorption, dimensional change is smaller than that seen with PA6 or PA66. For precision parts, the design allowance for post-moulding dimensional shift is usually 0.1% to 0.3%, depending on wall thickness, reinforcement, pigment, and conditioning. Dimensional audits should be performed after ISO 62 conditioning at 23 °C and 50% RH; measuring dry parts immediately after ejection can overstate dimensional stability.
Injection moulding of the grade can be performed on conventional reciprocating-screw machines with an L/D ratio of 20:1 to 25:1 and a compression ratio between 2.2:1 and 2.8:1. A general-purpose three-zone screw with a non-return valve is acceptable; high-shear barrier screws are not required. Melt temperature measured by air shot or thermocouple should normally remain between 220 °C and 250 °C. Lower melt temperatures increase orientation and can restrict cavity fill in thin sections; higher melt temperatures accelerate thermo-oxidative degradation and plasticizer loss. At melt temperatures above 260 °C, total barrel residence time should not exceed 10 min. At 240 °C, 15 min may be tolerated, but melt viscosity drift should be monitored through cushion stability and screw recovery time.
Mould wall temperature should be controlled between 20 °C and 80 °C. At the lower end of this range, thin-wall parts can fill but may retain higher internal stress and exhibit lower crystallinity. At the upper end, spherulitic development is more complete, but shrinkage after ejection increases and cycle time lengthens. For parts requiring dimensional stability, mould-temperature variation should be held within ±5 °C across the cavity. Cooling time scales with the square of maximum wall thickness, and gate-freeze testing should be used because plasticized PA12 can remain soft in the gate region longer than unplasticized PA12.
Melt volume-flow rate is commonly checked under ISO 1133-1 at 230 °C and 2.16 kg load. Plasticized PA12 compounds of this class often display MVR values between 5 cm³/10 min and 20 cm³/10 min; the acceptance range must be taken from the current EMS certificate of analysis because moisture and additive batch can shift the result. Clamp force requirements for unfilled PA12 are typically 0.5 kN/mm² to 1.0 kN/mm² of projected part area. Thin-wall parts may require injection pressures up to 1,500 bar, but this should be confirmed by mould simulation and short-shot studies.
The first comparison is with an unplasticized PA12 of similar viscosity, such as Grilamid® L 25. The W 40 NZ variant trades stiffness and creep resistance for elongation and low-temperature impact. A snap-fit that relies on flexural modulus may require a thicker section or revised deflection profile because tensile modulus can be 40% to 60% lower. Conversely, the W 40 NZ grade may allow integration of a living hinge or a high-flex cable strain relief without the stress-whitening observed in more rigid PA12. Screw-recovery and back-pressure settings may also differ because plasticizer reduces melt viscosity.
Against PA6 or PA66, the defining difference is moisture absorption. Under ISO 62, PA12 typically absorbs 0.2% to 0.3% by weight at 24 h, whereas unreinforced PA6 can absorb above 1.5% under the same conditions. This affects dimensional stability in humid environments and the stability of electrical clearance paths. PA12 also has lower density, approximately 1.01 g/cm³, compared with roughly 1.13 g/cm³ for PA66. However, PA6 and PA66 have higher heat deflection temperatures and continuous-use ratings. Substitution into under-hood components with continuous temperatures above 120 °C is not generally supported without a dedicated thermal ageing programme and mechanical evaluation after ageing.
Compared with PA11, the differences are narrower. Both are aliphatic polyamides with low water absorption and good low-temperature ductility. The melting point of unplasticized PA12 is approximately 175 °C to 180 °C by ISO 11357, while PA11 commonly melts near 185 °C to 190 °C. Plasticizer content in the W 40 grade shifts effective processing temperatures slightly lower. Selection between PA11 and plasticized PA12 is therefore often driven by supplier-specific lot consistency, additive package, regulatory documentation, and long-term ageing data rather than a single bulk property difference. Where PA11 currently passes a low-temperature impact requirement, PA12-I is usually evaluated on the same ISO 179-1/1eA and ISO 6603-2 puncture criteria.
Regulatory status is grade-, pigment-, and batch-specific. The base polyamide 12 resin may be evaluated under FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 for nylon resins when the supplier provides the applicable food-contact declaration, but the plasticizer package must also be assessed under the relevant additive clearance. For European food-contact work, EU Commission Regulation 10/2011 is relevant only when the specific compound and pigment are covered by a supplier declaration; simulant testing must cover the actual plasticized compound rather than the neat polymer. Under RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, natural PA12 grades typically do not contain lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBB, or PBDE above threshold limits, but the supplier certificate for the specific lot remains the governing document. REACH SVHC compliance must be checked against the current candidate list at the time of purchase.
| Evaluation Area | Primary Standard | Application in Grade Evaluation |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | Material identity and unfilled PA12 verification |
| Moisture absorption | ISO 62 | Conditioning and dimensional stability |
| Tensile properties | ISO 527-1/-2 | Modulus, yield stress, elongation |
| Notched impact strength | ISO 179-1/1eA | Low-temperature ductility and brittle transition |
| Melt volume-flow rate | ISO 1133-1 | Incoming lot viscosity control |
| Vicat softening temperature | ISO 306 | Short-term heat softening under load |
| Heat deflection temperature | ISO 75-1/-2 | Load-bearing thermal limits |
| Flammability | UL 94 | Electrical enclosure and appliance assessments |
| Comparative tracking index | IEC 60112 | Electrical insulation and creepage distance design |
Operational boundaries are less visible in datasheet comparisons. The grade should not be exposed to strong oxidizing acids, phenols, or boiling water for prolonged service. Plasticized PA12 can exhibit environmental stress cracking in contact with certain dilute acid solutions and metal halide solutions when high residual stress is present; parts should be annealed or designed with generous radii. Continuous outdoor exposure requires UV-stabilized or carbon-black pigmented variants; the NZ suffix indicates a natural variant, so external automotive parts should use a UV-stabilized grade unless a coating or secondary stabilisation is applied. Finished-part validation should include moulded plaques, not only resin pellets, because processing history changes crystalline morphology, orientation, and residual stress distribution.
