| HS Code | 238674 |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 40 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 300 % |
| Tensile Modulus | 1200 MPa |
| Flexural Modulus | 1000 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Strength Unnotched 23 C | No break |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched 23 C | 100 kJ/m² |
| Shore Hardness D | 60 |
| Water Absorption Saturation | 0.7 % |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B50 | 140 °C |
| Mold Shrinkage | 0.4 % |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 40 HL X PA12-I factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied as 25 kg moisture-proof, sealed polyethylene-lined bags of Grilamid® L 25 W 40 HL X PA12-I pellets. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Grilamid L 25 W 40 HL X PA12 in 25kg bags, palletized and shrink-wrapped, loaded securely into 20' FCL container. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® L 25 W 40 HL X is shipped as thermoplastic pellets in sealed moisture-proof packaging to prevent water absorption. Transport at ambient temperatures in clean, dry containers, avoiding direct sunlight or high humidity. Handle with standard industrial care; no special hazard classification applies for normal road, sea, or rail freight. |
| Storage | Store in original, sealed packaging in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep containers tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption, which can affect processing and properties. Avoid exposure to UV radiation and extreme temperatures. Follow standard safe handling practices for polyamide resins. |
| Shelf Life | For Grilamid L 25 W 40 HL X PA12-I, shelf life is approximately 2 years if kept dry, cool, and in original sealed packaging. |
In heavy-duty truck and trailer air brake tubing, residual moisture at the time of extrusion controls both surface finish and retained burst strength. Grilamid L 25 W 40 HL X is dried in desiccated-air hoppers at 75–80°C to a residual moisture below 0.10%, verified by ISO 15512 method A. Production lines typically use a single-screw extruder with D 25–30 barrier screw, compression ratio 2.5:1, and screen pack 60/80/100 mesh. Melt temperature at the die entry is held at 200–235°C, with gear pump inlet pressure 40–60 bar. The tube is formed through a spiderless die with land length-to-gap ratio 10:1, then vacuum-calibrated at 0.2–0.4 bar in a water bath held at 20–40°C. Dual-axis laser gauges record ovality every 0.5 m and trigger cut-off when wall thickness deviation exceeds ±0.05 mm for outside diameters of 4–16 mm. The W 40 plasticisation lowers Shore D hardness into the range 68–72 measured to ISO 868, which reduces cold-fitting leak rates at -40°C but increases abrasion sensitivity in unclipped sections.
Validation for thermoplastic air brake tubing follows SAE J844 and ISO 7628-1. Production lots are exposed to 50% aqueous zinc chloride for 200 h and then bent around mandrels at -40°C to detect stress cracking caused by road de-icing agents. Heat ageing is commonly run at 100°C for 72 h in circulating air before burst testing. Because the HL stabilisation package retards oxidative discoloration, the material can be used in continuously exposed chassis routes at 80–100°C without rapid embrittlement. Batch-to-batch variation appears as longitudinal die swell drift when regrind exceeds 20%; the plasticiser distribution shifts, lowering melt viscosity and increasing wall thickness without a corresponding screw speed change.
| Stage | Parameter | Control band | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drying | Residual moisture | <0.10% | ISO 15512 |
| Extrusion | Melt temperature | 200–235°C | Internal production window |
| Melt metering | Gear pump inlet pressure | 40–60 bar | Production line |
| Calibration | Vacuum differential | 0.2–0.4 bar | Vacuum tank |
| Cooling | Water bath temperature | 20–40°C | Production line |
| Dimensional control | Wall thickness tolerance | ±0.05 mm | Laser gauge |
Industrial automation tubing produced from this grade is used at outside diameters of 4–12 mm with wall thickness of 1.0–2.0 mm. Polyamide 12 absorbs less moisture than PA6 or PA66, and after conditioning at 23°C/50% RH to ISO 1110, the moisture-related diameter growth remains below 0.5%. That dimensional stability reduces leakage at push-in connector sealing surfaces in humid factory air. The melt is processed at 200–230°C, with screw speed and gear pump suction controlled to avoid shear heating above 240°C. Leak-tightness is validated to ISO 14743 for thermoplastic tubes in push-in connectors. The primary service limit is not burst pressure but heat-induced stress relaxation at the connector barb. At continuous compressed air temperatures above 60°C, plasticised PA12 softens sufficiently to permit connector creep; production validation therefore includes 85°C air ageing for 168 h followed by connector pull-off tests.
Compressed air quality should be controlled to ISO 8573-1 class 3:4:2 for particles, water, and oil. Oil aerosols above this level can extract the plasticiser system and cause inner surface tack, pressure drop increase, and reduced low-temperature impact. The HL stabilisation package retards ozone-initiated cracking, but continuous exposure to triaryl phosphate ester fire-resistant hydraulic fluids removes W 40 plasticiser rapidly. That fluid compatibility boundary is a rejection criterion in the field; the grade is not released for phosphate ester contact.
Low-emission fuel vapour vent lines and carbon canister purge tubes in gasoline engines are extruded as monolayer or multilayer structures. Monolayer Grilamid L 25 W 40 HL X is suitable only where the vehicle electrical architecture does not require surface resistivity below 10^6 ohm per square; conductive PA12 compounds are specified for electrostatic dissipation. Permeation is tested per SAE J1737. Published data for this specific non-conductive plasticised grade in 1.5 mm wall thickness is limited, so fuel system engineering requires grade-specific permeation coefficients before tooling release. Coextrusion is performed on a 2–3 layer line with a spiral mandrel die separating inner PA12, EVOH barrier, and outer PA12 layers. Melt temperature windows are 210–235°C for PA12, 190–210°C for EVOH, and 200–220°C for the tie layer. Vacuum calibration at 0.3 bar differential and ultrasonic wall-thickness scanning to ±0.02 mm maintain layer ratio integrity.
The finished component is a 6–12 mm outside diameter vapour vent line linking the canister purge solenoid to the intake manifold. Ethanol exposure is tested according to ISO 1817 at 85°C for 1000 h. Weight change above 10%, cracking, or hardness loss of more than 10 Shore D units is treated as a batch rejection criterion because plasticiser migration into fuel vapour can alter tube stiffness and connector sealing.
PA12 grades are used in fibre optic loose tube because of low post-extrusion shrinkage and high stress crack resistance. Grilamid L 25 W 40 HL X is processed at 220–235°C into tubes with inner diameters of 1.5–2.5 mm and outer diameters of 2.0–3.5 mm. Buffer gel compatibility is tested by weight change per ISO 1817 for 28 days at 85°C. Cable sheathing for roadside cabinets adds zinc chloride road splash resistance. Industrial lines use a single-screw extruder with D 25 screw and gear melt pump; line speeds range 80–250 m/min depending on tube outside diameter. Vacuum sizing tanks maintain roundness, and post-extrusion shrinkage is monitored after 24 h at 23°C and after 2 h at 80°C. Shrinkage above 0.5% causes fibre attenuation problems in loose tube cable construction.
The HL stabilisation package is relevant for outdoor UV exposure. If the natural or coloured grade is specified, UV resistance is confirmed by ISO 4892-2 exposure for 1000 h with tensile impact retention above 70%. Black UV-stabilised compounds are more common for direct outdoor deployment. The terminal product is a fibre loose tube or roadside cable sheath that must survive bending at -40°C without cracking after 1000 h of salt-spray and zinc chloride exposure.
Dilute acid, alkali, and salt solution transfer is a classic PA12 domain because of lower moisture absorption than PA6 and resistance to stress cracking in chloride-containing electrolytes. The W 40 plasticised grade is not suitable for hot concentrated mineral acids above 40°C, nor for polar solvents such as methanol above 23°C, because plasticiser extraction leads to wall collapse under vacuum. In electroplating acid rinse lines at ambient temperature, extruded tubing with internal surface roughness Ra 0.8 μm is produced using a polished calibrating mandrel to reduce scale deposition. Fittings and end connections are immersion-tested in 10% HCl and 10% NaOH at 23°C for 90 days according to ISO 1817, with tensile strength retention above 80%.
Published data for this specific configuration in hot alkaline electroplating baths is limited. Certain ester-based plasticiser packages may hydrolyse at pH above 12, causing surface tack and tensile strength fall below 60% after 28 days. Production release therefore requires immersion testing in the actual bath chemistry rather than generic acid-base screening.
Mobile machinery uses plasticised PA12 in low-pressure return lines and air suspension lines where cold flexibility is the first design driver. The terminal product is a straight or spiral-cut tube heat-formed into permanently bent shapes at 150°C for 5 min. After forming, the part must retain burst strength at 23°C and 60°C. Cyclic pressure testing between 0–5 bar at 1 Hz is applied on production validation batches, with failure defined as cracking, leakage, or fitting blow-off before 10^6 cycles. The HL stabiliser reduces dry-heat oxidation at 100°C, but long-term contact with mineral oil above 80°C causes plasticiser extraction, hardening, and reduced impact strength.
The fluid boundary is critical. Mineral oil return lines are acceptable at continuous temperatures below 60°C. Phosphate ester hydraulic fluids must be excluded because plasticiser extraction and stress cracking are accelerated. Water-glycol fluids require additional immersion data and are not assumed compatible. In dynamic flexing applications, the combination of W 40 plasticisation and PA12-I impact modification permits repeated bending at -40°C, but the operational boundary is set by simultaneous high-temperature oil contact and flex fatigue. Published data for this specific combined loading is limited; production trials with instrumented flex test rigs are required before release.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 40 HL X is a heat- and light-stabilized impact-modified polyamide 12 compound. Under ISO 1043-1, the base resin is classified as PA12-I; the suffix HL indicates a combined heat and light stabilizer package. The alphanumeric block L 25 W 40 is manufacturer-specific and differentiates viscosity and flexibility/plasticizer behavior within the Grilamid L product range. The material is supplied in pellet form and is specified for extrusion and injection molding where low-temperature ductility, chemical resistance, outdoor stability, and controlled melt processing are required. Because the impact-modifier chemistry and stabilizer formulation are proprietary, the current EMS Grivory technical datasheet and the lot-specific certificate of analysis remain the controlling references for specification limits.
Under ISO 1043-1, the designation PA12-I identifies a polyamide 12 homopolymer containing an impact-modifier phase. The I code does not define the modifier chemistry; it indicates that the compound belongs to the impact-modified PA12 class. The HL suffix denotes combined heat and light stabilization, which separates this grade from a plain PA12 or a solely heat-stabilized PA12. The light stabilizer component is intended to reduce UV-induced chain scission, surface microcracking, and gloss loss during outdoor exposure. The L 25 W 40 block is not an ISO code. Within EMS Grivory nomenclature, L identifies the PA12 family, and W designations are used industrially for flexible or plasticized variants. The number 40 should not be read as a direct plasticizer percentage; it is a manufacturer-specific viscosity/flexibility code. The grade therefore combines three molecular-level modifications: impact-modifier domains for low-temperature ductility, heat stabilizers for processing and long-term thermal ageing, and light stabilizers for UV-exposed service.
Representative mechanical and thermal values are summarized below. These values are derived from conditioned specimens tested according to the cited ISO methods; they are not specification limits and single-lot values may differ.
| Property | Test standard | Representative value | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01 g/cm³ | dry |
| Water absorption | ISO 62 | 1.1% | saturation in water at 23°C |
| Water absorption | ISO 62 | 0.2% | equilibrium 23°C/50% RH |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 1,200 MPa | 1 mm/min |
| Tensile stress at yield | ISO 527-1/-2 | 35 MPa | 50 mm/min |
| Tensile strain at yield | ISO 527-1/-2 | 25% | 50 mm/min |
| Nominal strain at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | >50% | 50 mm/min |
| Charpy notched impact strength | ISO 179/1eA | 14 kJ/m² | 23°C |
| Charpy notched impact strength | ISO 179/1eA | 7 kJ/m² | -30°C |
| Melting temperature | ISO 11357-1/-3 | 176°C | DSC |
| Vicat softening temperature | ISO 306 | 135°C | 50 N, 50 K/h |
| Heat deflection temperature, 1.80 MPa | ISO 75-1/-2 | 50°C | flatwise |
| Heat deflection temperature, 0.45 MPa | ISO 75-1/-2 | 115°C | flatwise |
The tensile modulus near 1,200 MPa places the grade among flexible PA12 compounds; unreinforced and unmodified PA12 extrusion grades commonly range from 1,400 MPa to 1,800 MPa. The lower yield stress and high nominal strain at break reflect the impact-modified and plasticized structure. The notched Charpy result at -30°C is the primary selection criterion for cold-climate snap-fits and tubing, where an unmodified PA12 can exhibit a sharper ductile-to-brittle transition. However, design calculations should not rely on room-temperature short-term yield stress for load-bearing parts at elevated temperature. The Vicat softening point is approximately 135°C, but the HDT/A at 1.8 MPa is only 50°C. Above 60°C, creep modulus rather than short-term tensile modulus controls dimensional stability; creep testing according to ISO 899-1 is recommended for structurally loaded components.
The saturated water absorption of approximately 1.1% under ISO 62 is lower than typical PA6 or PA66 values of 8–10%. This lower moisture uptake supports dimensional stability and retention of stiffness in humid environments. Linear mold shrinkage for unreinforced PA12 is typically in the range 0.8–1.2%, so tool compensation must account for post-mold crystallization. Dimensional inspection should be delayed or specimens annealed because semicrystalline PA12 continues to crystallize after demolding.
Pre-drying is required before injection molding or extrusion. Pellets must be dried to a residual moisture content of ≤0.10%. A desiccant dryer with a dew point of −30°C or lower is recommended. Drying at 80°C for 4–6 h is typically sufficient for sealed packaging opened at ambient conditions; if the material has been exposed to relative humidity above 60% for more than 4 h, drying time should be extended to 8 h. Injection molding melt temperatures from 220–250°C are standard, and mold temperature can be set from 30–80°C depending on wall thickness, surface appearance, and crystallinity development. Extrusion melt temperatures of 210–250°C are typical for single-screw lines with grooved feed zones and 25:1 L/D compression screws. Melt temperatures above 270°C or residence times exceeding 10 min accelerate thermo-oxidative chain scission, causing brown discoloration, molecular weight loss, and reduced melt strength.
Back pressure of 0.5–2 MPa and screw circumferential speed of 0.2–0.5 m/s are standard startingpoints for injection molding; actual settings depend on machine clamp force, shot size, and gate geometry. In extrusion, melt filtration with screen packs from 60–100 mesh is often used, but finer filtration raises melt temperature and requires barrel temperature compensation. Recyclate addition should be limited to 25% by weight of clean sprues and runners for injection molding. For pressure-bearing tube or conduit, regrind use must be validated against the relevant product standard such as SAE J844, because repeated processing shifts molecular weight distribution and can reduce burst strength and cold impact. Undetected moisture above 0.15% often appears first as surface roughness or a regular helical ripple on extruded tube and as silver streaking on injection-molded parts. In-line moisture analysis of dried pellets or measurement of melt pressure variation across a screen pack provides earlier detection than visual inspection alone.
In mono-layer air brake tubing, this PA12-I grade is selected where the part must withstand SAE J844 requirements for pressure retention, zinc chloride stress-crack resistance, dimensional stability, and low-temperature impact after thermal ageing. In outdoor cable protection conduit, the HL stabilizer package supports weathering resistance; Xenon arc testing according to ISO 4892-2 is typically used to benchmark color change, retained tensile elongation, and surface crazing. For pneumatic tubing, dimensional tolerance, kink resistance, and burst pressure are often evaluated to DIN 74324 or customer-specific pressure pulsation protocols. Published data for this specific configuration is limited when simultaneous flexural fatigue and high-pressure pulsation are required, so component-level validation is necessary. In injection-molded fasteners and snap-fit clips, the notched Charpy response at -30°C provides a standardized basis for comparing ductility, but molded-in stress and weld-line orientation require mechanical testing on two-gate tensile bars according to ISO 527-1/-2. The grade is also used in industrial cable protection and flexible conduit where UL 94 HB flammability classification and low-temperature impact are required. The thermal stabilizer package does not guarantee continuous high-temperature load-bearing capacity; applications exceeding 80°C under load require creep and oxidative ageing validation.
When substituting this PA12-I grade for an unmodified PA12 extrusion resin, the first measurable change is a reduction in tensile modulus and yield stress with an increase in low-temperature notched Charpy impact. The lower stiffness may require an increase in wall thickness for pressure-bearing parts, and burst pressure at elevated temperature must be revalidated because long-term pressure rating depends on yield stress and creep behavior. When replacing PA11, the density difference is small: PA12 is approximately 1.01 g/cm³, while PA11 is approximately 1.04 g/cm³. The melting points are similar, but PA12 generally shows lower saturated water absorption than PA11. Compared to PA6 or PA66, the PA12-I grade has a much lower amide group density; saturated water uptake of approximately 1.1% under ISO 62 compares with 8–10% for PA6 and PA66. This yields better dimensional stability and retention of mechanical properties in humid environments. However, PA12-I is not a drop-in replacement for PA66 in hot structural components: the HDT/A at 1.8 MPa is approximately 50°C, while glass-filled PA66 can exceed 240°C.
In fuel vapor tubing, PA12 grades are used because of low permeation and zinc chloride stress-crack resistance relative to some other polyamides, but multilayer constructions with EVOH or fluoropolymer barrier layers are often required to meet SAE J2260 hydrocarbon permeation limits. The plasticized nature of this grade can cause plasticizer migration at continuous temperatures above 100°C, so surface deposit, tack, and modulus shift should be evaluated for under-hood applications. Regulatory conformity must be confirmed through supplier declarations. The base PA12 polymer falls under FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 for certain food-contact uses, but the grade-specific impact modifier and stabilizer package must be cleared for the intended food type and temperature. Electrical and electronic applications require verification against the RoHS recast 2011/65/EU and REACH EC 1907/2006. Outdoor conduit may require additional weathering validation under ISO 4892-2 or ISO 4892-3; the HL suffix indicates stabilization but does not exempt the component from application-specific UV ageing protocols.
