| HS Code | 126878 |
| Density | 1.04 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 1700 MPa |
| Tensile Stress At Yield | 50 MPa |
| Tensile Strain At Break | >200% |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched 23 C | 12 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Impact Strength Unnotched 23 C | No break |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B50 | 145 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature Hdt A 1 8 Mpa | 55 °C |
| Water Absorption Saturation At 23 C | 1.0% |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 20 X PA12-I factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied as granules in sealed 25 kg moisture-proof polyethylene-lined bags, preserving Grilamid® L 25 W 20 X PA12-I quality. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Grilamid L25 W20X pellets are packed in 25 kg bags, palletized, and loaded as a 20′ FCL for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® L 25 W 20 X is a PA12-based thermoplastic granulate, typically non-hazardous for transport. Ship in sealed, moisture-resistant containers to prevent water absorption. Avoid extreme heat and prolonged UV exposure. Use standard dry cargo transport with adequate ventilation; keep upright and protected from physical damage during handling. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid® L 25 W 20 X in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry place (<35°C). Protect from direct sunlight and moisture, as humidity can affect processing. Keep away from heat sources and open flames. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically 2 years. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is approximately 10 years when stored unopened in original packaging under cool, dry conditions. |
Because fuel-system quick connectors and secondary locking tabs operate in continuous contact with mixed hydrocarbon fuel, ethanol-containing blends and road de-icing brine, material selection diverges from glass-filled PA66. In injection moulding trials on multi-cavity quick-connector tools with hot-runner manifolds, gate-vestige control at the barb undercut determines assembly force; the plasticizer in Grilamid L 25 W 20 X lowers melt viscosity but narrows the residence-time window before surface exudation appears on black parts. Barrel temperatures are profiled from 220 °C at the feed zone to 250 °C at the nozzle, with hold pressure maintained between 60 MPa and 80 MPa on hydraulic machines of 1,200–1,800 kN clamp force. Pre-drying at 80 °C for 4–6 h to a dew point below -30 °C is mandatory; residual moisture above 0.10 wt% causes splay at knit lines and increases shot-weight variance. Formulation control permits 10–15 wt% uncontaminated in-house regrind, with carbon black masterbatch at 2 wt%; higher regrind fractions are rejected for connectors submitted to SAE J2044 pull-off testing because weld-line tensile strength declines after repeated heat histories. Industry compliance references SAE J2044 for quick-connector interfaces, ISO 19096-1 for fluid-circuit connection requirements, ISO 16750-4 for underhood environmental loading, ISO 527-2 for tensile verification, and ISO 62 for moisture uptake. Terminal product types include retainer clips, secondary lock tabs, dust covers and evaporative-emission routing clips on fuel-line quick connectors.
Pneumatic push-to-connect fittings for 6–16 mm polyamide and polyurethane tubing require thread roundness and sealing-cone geometry that remain stable after dry-air conditioning; the low moisture uptake of the PA12 backbone under ISO 62 reduces post-moulding dimensional growth compared with PA6 grades. On production machines, the dominant defect is not thread closure but gate blush at the collet entry, caused by filling speeds above 120 mm/s through edge gates of 0.8–1.2 mm; venting grooves of 0.02–0.03 mm depth are cut into the parting line around the hex body to prevent air burn on the sealing cone. Melt temperature is held at 230–255 °C, mould temperature at 40–80 °C; cooling time increases sharply above 80 °C without proportional improvement in thread roundness. Addition ratios are limited to 1–2 wt% colour masterbatch and ≤15 wt% dried regrind; external release agents, if specified, are restricted to 0.1 wt% because residues on the sliding ring migrate into compressed-air circuits and alter friction. Compliance testing references ISO 14743 for push-in fitting performance, ISO 228-1 for thread geometry, ISO 527-2 for material tensile verification, and ISO 1133-1 for melt-volume-flow consistency. Terminal parts include threaded body fittings, swivel elbows, flow-control valve bodies and silencer housings for compressed-air systems up to 1.0 MPa.
On cable tie production lines running high-cavity hot-runner tools, the plasticized PA12-I grade fills strap thicknesses of 1.2–2.5 mm at injection speeds that would freeze unplasticized PA12 in the tail region. Mould temperature is set between 50 °C and 70 °C; lower temperatures produce surface gloss on the strap but induce internal stress at the locking pawl, which can split under flexural loading referenced in IEC 62275. The locking wedge is the primary failure site on production-scale injection machines, not the tensile body; hold pressure is therefore ramped in two stages, with an initial compaction of 60–70 MPa and a final cushion of 30–40 MPa to avoid jetting at the pawl. Colour and additive dosing for exterior rail applications normally comprises 1.5–3.0 wt% UV-stabilizer masterbatch, with carbon black masterbatch at 2 wt%; regrind is limited to 10 wt% because each reprocessing pass accelerates plasticizer loss and reduces strap flexibility at -20 °C. Compliance is assessed under IEC 62275 for cable ties, ISO 4892-2 for xenon-arc weatherability, and UL 94 HB at 1.6 mm unless a flame-retardant variant is specifically chosen. Terminal parts include bundling ties, fir-tree clips, and sealing grommet clips for engine harnesses, rail interior wiring and domestic appliance cable management.
Insert-moulded sensor brackets used in engine compartments require a predictable post-mould shrinkage window because brass threaded inserts are retained by hoop stress in the boss. The plasticizer content in Grilamid L 25 W 20 X lowers peak injection pressure to 50–70 MPa and promotes insert wet-out without cracking, but the same plasticizer reduces insert pull-out resistance when mould temperature exceeds 80 °C during start-up. On production machines with 80–120 t clamp force and servo-electric drives, the bracket cavities are filled using a two-stage velocity profile: 45–60 mm/s through the gate, dropping to 15–25 mm/s for final screw position to minimise gas entrapment behind the insert. Formulation ratio for insert-moulded connectors is restricted to ≤15 wt% regrind and 1 wt% black masterbatch; additional internal lubricants are eliminated because they migrate into the brass–polymer interface and reduce torque retention. Industry validation uses ISO 16750-3 for temperature cycling and vibration, SAE J1455 for heavy-duty electronic-environment exposure, ISO 527-2 for weld-line tensile retention, and ISO 1183-1 for density change after ageing. Terminal parts include MAP sensor brackets, ECU mounting clips and starter-alternator harness retention clips.
| Validation function | Standard designation | Test condition |
|---|---|---|
| Underbonnet temperature cycling | ISO 16750-3 | OEM-class underbonnet temperature profile |
| Heavy-duty electrical environment | SAE J1455 | Random vibration and thermal shock profile as specified by OEM |
| Weld-line tensile verification | ISO 527-2 | Conditioned at 23 °C/50 % RH, test speed 5 mm/min |
| Density change after ageing | ISO 1183-1 | Immersion method before and after heat ageing |
For battery-electric vehicle cooling line clips exposed continuously to 50/50 vol% ethylene glycol–water at temperatures between -40 °C and 90 °C, the limiting formulation variable is not tensile strength but the regrind level that causes surface microcracking at weld lines after chemical exposure. Injection moulding shops running PA12-I clips on 100 t electric machines restrict regrind to ≤10 wt% because each reprocessing pass shortens the polyamide chain at the weld line, and ethylene glycol exposure under ISO 175 then accelerates crack opening at those sites. The process uses a reverse barrel profile from 240 °C on the feed side to 225 °C at the nozzle to maintain melt homogeneity without degrading the plasticizer; mould wall temperature is controlled at 50–70 °C. Gates of 1.0–1.5 mm are located on non-functional tether ends, not on the pipe-retention barb, to move the weld line away from tensile stress concentration. Validation references ISO 175 for fluid immersion, ISO 16750-4 for thermal shock, ISO 527-2 for tensile retention after ageing, and REACH Annex XVII for plasticizer selection. Terminal parts include cooling-line retaining clips, pressure-relief valve bodies and hose-clamp alignment brackets.
Vacuum generator bodies and venturi blocks used in pneumatically driven material-handling cells require a smooth internal throat surface and stable thread torque over equipment lifetimes that often exceed 20,000 h. The heat-stabilized PA12-I grade is processed at melt temperatures of 235–255 °C and mould temperatures of 40–60 °C; elevated barrel temperatures above 260 °C increase plasticizer evaporation and leave a tacky deposit on mould cores, which produces throat roughness and reduces vacuum pressure. Formulation addition for production lots typically maintains regrind at 10–20 wt% provided the regrind is dried to 0.10 wt% moisture or below and is free of silicone-based mould-release contamination. Threaded cores are unscrewed at 0.5–1.0 m/s linear speed to avoid tear-out in the plasticized polymer; thread geometry is inspected under ISO 228-1 or ISO 14743 depending on the fitting style. Compliance-oriented testing includes ISO 527-2 for tensile yield and elongation, ISO 1183-1 for density, ISO 11357-3 for melting enthalpy, and ISO 175 for resistance to compressor oil condensate. Terminal products include venturi bodies, vacuum pad connectors, silencer shells and filter-regulator mounting brackets used in automated vacuum handling and pneumatic control circuits.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 20 X PA12-I is a plasticized, heat-stabilised polyamide 12 injection moulding grade. The designation PA12-I refers to the polyamide 12 injection-moulding classification under EMS product nomenclature. The modifier W 20 denotes a 20% by weight plasticiser addition, while the X suffix indicates the heat-stabilisation package. The compound is supplied as cylindrical granules for conventional injection moulding of thin-wall closures, snap-fit fasteners, cable ties, pneumatic tubing, and similarly dimensionally stable components. Processing guidance published by the supplier specifies pre-drying at 80 °C to a maximum residual moisture of 0.10% by weight, with melt temperatures between 220 °C and 250 °C and mould temperatures between 40 °C and 80 °C. The material should not be processed without pre-drying when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%, because absorbed water can produce surface splay, hydrolysis-induced molecular weight reduction, and loss of mechanical ductility.
| Property | Test Standard | Unit | Typical Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | g/cm³ | 1.02 |
| Water absorption, saturation at 23 °C in water | ISO 62 | % by weight | 1.5 |
| Tensile modulus, 1 mm/min | ISO 527-1/-2 | MPa | 500 |
| Tensile stress at yield | ISO 527-1/-2 | MPa | 25 |
| Nominal strain at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | % | >50 |
| Charpy notched impact strength, 23 °C | ISO 179/1eA | kJ/m² | No break |
| Charpy notched impact strength, −30 °C | ISO 179/1eA | kJ/m² | 8 |
| Melting temperature, DSC | ISO 11357-1/-3 | °C | 176 |
| Heat deflection temperature, 1.80 MPa | ISO 75-1/-2 | °C | 45 |
| Heat deflection temperature, 0.45 MPa | ISO 75-1/-2 | °C | 110 |
| Shore D hardness | ISO 868 | — | 62 |
Compared with unmodified semi-crystalline PA12 grades, the 20% plasticiser phase reduces intermolecular hydrogen-bond density. Published manufacturer data for unplasticized PA12 typically place tensile modulus near 1,400 MPa according to ISO 527-1/-2, while the plasticized L 25 W 20 X grade exhibits a typical tensile modulus of 500 MPa. The resulting trade-off is a lower flexural rigidity but a measurable improvement in notched impact response and stress-crack resistance in injection-moulded snap-fit geometries. Relative to PA6 and PA66, the PA12 backbone contains fewer amide groups per unit length and therefore absorbs less water at equilibrium. PA6 can absorb approximately 9.5% by weight at saturation, whereas PA12 saturates at approximately 1.5% by weight. This lower moisture uptake reduces dimensional change in humid automotive and industrial environments and stabilises post-mould geometry. The plasticiser additionally extends low-temperature ductility, but lowers the upper continuous service temperature relative to unplasticized PA12. Long-term thermal aging limits should be confirmed against EMS technical literature for the specific wall thickness and antioxidant package.
In high-cavitation tools with cold-runner sprues, the gate freeze time for this grade is controlled by the melt-to-mould temperature differential rather than by wall thickness alone. Mould temperatures of 40 °C to 80 °C are specified, but when wall thickness falls below 1.0 mm the upper end of that range is required to prevent premature gate solidification and short-shot defects in multi-cavity layouts. Injection speeds of 100 mm/s to 300 mm/s are common for thin-wall components, with hold pressures between 40 MPa and 80 MPa depending on gate size and projected area. Melt temperatures above 250 °C should be avoided for residence times beyond 10 min, because thermal oxidation of the plasticiser and PA12 backbone can reduce Charpy impact retention and generate objectionable decomposition products. When changing from a hygroscopic PA6 or PA66 grade, hopper residence time should be minimised at relative humidity above 60% unless the PA12-I material is dried to below 0.10% moisture. Absorbed water in PA12 is lower than in PA6, but still sufficient to hydrolyse the plasticized matrix at melt temperatures above 240 °C.
The Charpy notched impact result of 8 kJ/m² at −30 °C under ISO 179/1eA indicates that the grade retains a defined resistance to brittle crack initiation. However, at thicknesses above 4 mm the notched impact response can transition from ductile to brittle because of plane-strain constraint at the notch root. The plasticiser lowers yield stress and distributes stress more evenly around weld lines, but plasticiser migration kinetics in polymer matrices can produce surface exudation if the part is exposed to temperatures above 90 °C for prolonged periods. Components requiring continuous exposure above 100 °C should be evaluated for plasticiser loss, embrittlement, and dimensional shrinkage using moisture-conditioned specimens under ISO 291 and tensile elongation retention under ISO 527-1/-2. Without such validation, the grade should not be substituted into applications originally qualified for heat-stabilised PA66 or partially aromatic polyamides.
Substitution of plasticized PA12 for impact-modified PA66 in electrical cable ties eliminates the need for moisture conditioning before assembly and reduces clamping force loss in humid environments. On production-scale injection lines with screw diameters of 35 mm to 50 mm and L/D ratios of 20:1 to 24:1, PA12-I can be processed at lower barrel temperatures than PA66. However, screw recovery time may increase if the low-viscosity plasticized grade is run on a general-purpose screw intended for high-viscosity PA66. A low-shear compression-zone screw with a shut-off nozzle and ring non-return valve is recommended to prevent plasticiser phase separation, screw slippage, and open-nozzle drooling. When regrind is used, the proportion should be limited to 25% by weight because repeated heat history accelerates plasticiser oxidation and reduces notched Charpy impact at −30 °C. Melt volume-flow rate should be determined on predried granules according to ISO 1133-1:2022, because residual moisture can artificially increase apparent flow and distort capillary rheometry results.
PA12 exhibits lower diffusion rates for hydrocarbon fluids relative to PA6 and PA66, but concentrated acetic acid, strong mineral acids, and phenolic solvents attack polyamide. The plasticized grade should not be used in continuous contact with hot ethylene glycol/water mixtures above 100 °C unless stress-crack resistance is verified by ISO 22088 or an equivalent strain-controlled method. Zinc chloride solutions and road-deicing salts can induce environmental stress cracking in stressed moulded parts; under tensile stress levels above 20 MPa, long-term exposure to calcium chloride or zinc chloride concentrations above 30% by weight should be avoided. The heat-stabilisation package in L 25 W 20 X provides short-term protection against oxidative degradation during processing, but stabiliser extraction by aggressive fluids can reduce long-term thermal oxidative stability. Chemical compatibility testing under ISO 175 or ASTM D543 should be performed for critical fluid-contact applications.
Against other flexible polyamides such as PA11, the PA12 grade offers a lower melting point and comparable low water uptake. When compared with polyether-block-amide elastomers, L 25 W 20 X retains a higher modulus and greater creep resistance at room temperature, but cannot match the extreme low-temperature flexibility of PEBA below −40 °C. The use of PA12-I in automotive clips instead of PA6 or PA66 reduces the risk of hydrolysis fatigue in underhood thermal cycling. However, published data for the exact tensile strength retention of this specific plasticized configuration after moisture conditioning is limited; users should perform ISO 527-1/-2 tests on conditioned specimens rather than extrapolate from PA12 homopolymer data.
