| HS Code | 824953 |
| Density | 1.03 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption Saturation In Water 23 C | 1.6 % |
| Water Absorption Equilibrium In Standard Atmosphere 23 C 50 Rh | 0.7 % |
| Tensile Modulus | 1100 MPa |
| Tensile Stress At Break | 45 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 300 % |
| Charpy Impact Strength 23 C | No break |
| Shore D Hardness | 60 |
| Melting Point Dsc | 178 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 90 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 8 Mpa | 45 °C |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 W 20 X Nylon 12, Dry factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied as dry pellets in sealed, moisture-proof 25 kg bags, ensuring Nylon 12 remains protected from humidity during storage and transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20’ FCL container loaded with dry Nylon 12 granules, palletized bags, moisture-protected, safe and secure for transport. |
| Shipping | Ship Grilamid L 25 W 20 X in sealed, moisture-proof containers to prevent hydrolysis. Keep dry and avoid exposure to humidity; store in a cool, ventilated area. Not hazardous per regulations, but handle with standard industrial hygiene. Ensure labels and documentation match the resin’s technical data sheet. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid L 25 W 20 X in its original sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture. Keep the container tightly closed when not in use to prevent moisture absorption. Recommended storage temperature is below 30°C. Properly stored, the material remains processable for at least two years. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is indefinite when stored dry, sealed, and cool; protected from moisture and UV to maintain properties. |
In North American long-haul operations, coiled air brake tubing made from Grilamid L 25 W 20 X must satisfy SAE J844 for single-wall nylon air brake tubing and SAE J2494-3 for push-to-connect fitting performance. The formulation uses 100 wt% virgin plasticized polyamide 12 in the tubing wall; carbon black UV masterbatch is added at 2.0–3.5 wt%, and closed-loop production scrap is limited to 15 wt% maximum after redundant drying. The grade contains 20 wt% internal plasticizer, so no additional external plasticizer or dry-blend processing oil is introduced at the feed throat. Although the product is supplied as Dry, plant practice still requires desiccant drying at 80 °C for 4–6 h to a residual moisture below 0.10 wt%, with a drying air dew point of −30 °C or better. The tubing is extruded on a 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder with a barrier screw, compression ratio 2.5:1, screen pack 60/80/100 mesh, and die head temperature 220–230 °C. Vacuum sizing is maintained at −0.6 bar to −0.4 bar through a water-cooled sleeve calibrator, followed by a two-stage water bath at 15–25 °C. Inline checks include spark testing at 12 kV, laser outer-diameter gauging, and burst testing on a 4 h pull sample. Field observations from truck service show that insufficient drying creates surface porosity and can reduce burst strength by more than 20% against the dry-pellet baseline; the same defect appears when melt pressure fluctuation exceeds ±0.5 MPa. Terminal product forms include factory-cut coiled service lines, tractor-to-trailer jumper assemblies, and pre-fitted quick-connect lengths. This grade is not specified for glycol-ether hydraulic brake fluid service because the plasticized PA12 wall has limited resistance to DOT 3 and DOT 4 fluids above 60 °C.
Low-temperature installation on Canadian and U.S. northern routes imposes a secondary constraint: the tube must not kink during trailer articulation at −40 °C. Tubing converters therefore condition coils in an environmental chamber at −40 °C for 24 h before cold-impact and kink verification. The internal plasticizer shifts the ductile-to-brittle response well below the behavior of unplasticized PA12, but the exact transition depends on residual moisture because absorbed water acts as a co-plasticizer. Production lots with residual moisture below 0.05 wt% occasionally exhibit stiffer low-temperature response than lots held at 0.08–0.10 wt%. For this reason, converters record both moisture content and melt pressure as lot-release variables. Tube wall thickness is typically 1.25–1.50 mm for 12 mm OD service lines, but SAE J844 requires the manufacturer to certify the working pressure rating for each outer-diameter and wall-thickness combination. Published burst data for this specific formulation is limited; line qualification therefore uses the converter’s own burst sample plan rather than a generic catalogue figure.
Corrugated polyamide 12 wire harness conduit is processed on twin-wall corrugator lines in which the inner wall remains solid while the outer wall is formed by moving mold blocks under 0.4–0.6 bar vacuum. The base resin addition is 92–95 wt% Grilamid L 25 W 20 X; a heat-stabilized color or flame-retardant masterbatch is added at 5–8 wt% depending on the end-customer color specification. The internal 20 wt% plasticizer removes the need for a separate flexibilizer masterbatch and allows the conduit to meet the RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU restrictions for lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB, and PBDE when the selected masterbatch is also compliant. REACH Regulation 1907/2006 SVHC screening is performed at the compound level because the masterbatch carrier can introduce substances not present in the base resin. For flammability, the natural grade is generally evaluated to UL 94 HB at 0.8 mm; flame-retardant modification shifts the addition ratio to the upper masterbatch range and reduces flexibility. The corrugation process uses a 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder at melt temperature 210–230 °C, with mold block temperature held within ±4 °C of the set point to avoid wall-thickness asymmetry above 10%. Terminal product types are corrugated harness sleeves and split conduit in continuous coils or cut lengths for commercial vehicle engine compartments and battery pack cable routing.
When a medical original equipment manufacturer evaluates plasticized PA12 for single-use catheter tubing, the first technical gate is not processability but leachables and sterilization tolerance. A grade designated with 20 wt% plasticizer must be qualified under ISO 10993-1:2018 biological evaluation, ISO 10993-5:2009 cytotoxicity, and ISO 10993-18:2020 chemical characterization before patient contact is permitted. The base resin is processed at 100 wt% virgin material for non-radiopaque tubing; no regrind enters the cleanroom line. For radiopaque catheter shafts, a barium sulfate-filled PA12 masterbatch is let down at 20–30 wt%, yielding a final BaSO₄ content of 15–25 wt% depending on the masterbatch loading; the balance remains Grilamid L 25 W 20 X. The microbore extrusion line uses a 20–25 mm single-screw extruder with a gear pump, breaker plate 40/60 mesh, and a draw-down ratio below 3:1 to minimize melt orientation. Melt temperature at the die is held at 210–220 °C; excursions above 230 °C produce a visible increase in die-face plate-out caused by plasticizer volatilization, and the contaminated die mark transfers to the tube wall. The extrudate passes through a vacuum water bath at 20–30 °C, followed by a laser outer-diameter gauge with closed-loop speed correction and an in-line gel counter. Cut lengths are produced as single-lumen catheter shafts, fluid management tubing, and pressure-monitoring line stock. Sterilization compatibility is application-specific: ethylene oxide cycles can increase plasticizer migration to the tube surface, and gamma irradiation above 25 kGy may yellow the polymer; validation must be conducted on the final packaged device, not on the resin alone. Published data for this specific grade under all three sterilization modes is limited, so batch-to-batch chemical characterization is normally required for regulatory submission.
The operational boundary in cleanroom extrusion is moisture. If dried pellets are exposed to room air above 60% RH for more than 30 min, surface moisture is absorbed and microbore dimension control degrades because melt viscosity changes before visible surface roughness appears. A hopper dryer maintained at 80 °C with a dry air feed of −40 °C dew point is used at the machine throat; residual moisture is checked by Karl Fischer titration to 0.08 wt% maximum. The catheter manufacturer must also verify that the plasticizer package does not interfere with solvent bonding or UV-cured adhesive assembly steps. Solvent bonding with cyclohexanone or tetrahydrofuran may soften the outer surface unevenly; published data for this specific configuration is limited, and the converter should qualify bond strength and dimensional stability under ISO 80369-7:2016 where applicable.
Low-pressure chemical transfer hose inner liners in agricultural spray and marine service use plasticized polyamide 12 where the liner is coextruded at 0.2–0.5 mm thickness over a flexible polyether-polyurethane or PVC jacket. The inner layer is 100 wt% Grilamid L 25 W 20 X; edge trim from the coextrusion line is not incorporated into the fluid-contact layer, but is allowed at up to 10 wt% in the middle tie layer after drying and size reduction. Compliance for the liner includes REACH Regulation 1907/2006 and the RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU; where the hose is used in food-related fluid transfer, FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 and EU 10/2011 apply only if the complete hose, including tie layer and jacket, meets migration limits. The coextrusion process uses a 45 mm main PA12 extruder, a 25 mm tie-layer extruder, and a 35 mm jacket extruder feeding a spiral mandrel die at 190–205 °C. PA12 melt temperature is 210–230 °C and the die head is kept below 205 °C to avoid plasticizer plate-out. The finished hose is pressure-tested at 0.6 MPa for low-pressure spray service and inspected for inner liner delamination by cutting a 100 mm section at 24 h intervals. Terminal forms include agricultural broadcast spray hoses, marine fuel vent hoses, and low-pressure chemical suction/discharge assemblies. The liner is not recommended for polar solvents such as ethanol and methanol above 40 °C or for strong acids, because the flexible PA12 grade has limited barrier resistance in those media.
Pneumatic automation tubing extruded from Grilamid L 25 W 20 X is specified by outer diameter and wall-thickness tolerance class under ISO 7628-2, while push-in fitting retention is qualified against ISO 14743:2004. The formulation for outer diameters 4–10 mm uses 100 wt% virgin resin with a color masterbatch at 2 wt%; regrind is excluded below 6 mm OD to maintain the tight ovality limit, and is allowed at 10 wt% maximum above 8 mm OD. Drying is performed at 80 °C for 4 h to a residual moisture of 0.10 wt% maximum. The extrusion line uses a 24:1 L/D single-screw extruder with a metering section designed for low-shear melting, melt temperature 210–225 °C, and a vacuum sizing tank with a precision sizer sleeve. The vacuum level is set between −0.5 bar and −0.3 bar depending on OD, and cooling water is maintained at 15–25 °C; the haul-off speed is slaved to the outer-diameter gauge via a closed-loop controller to hold tolerance within ±0.05 mm for 6 mm tube. Inline burst testing is performed on every spool using a short sample at 23 °C, and the tube is conditioned for 48 h at 50% RH before final burst and coupling retention tests. The terminal product is supplied as continuous coiled tube in 50 m and 100 m lengths for robotic cell compressed air lines, valve manifolds, and clean-dry nitrogen distribution in semiconductor assembly areas. The operational boundary is the pressure rating at elevated temperature; above 45 °C the working pressure must be derated according to the converter’s ISO 7628 pressure-temperature curve, and continuous exposure to compressor oil mist above 0.1 mg/m³ can plasticize the outer surface and alter the fitting grip.
Substitution of PA6 with plasticized PA12 in beverage dispensing lines changes two variables simultaneously: equilibrium moisture absorption drops from roughly 2.5–3.0 wt% to below 1.0 wt% at saturation, and the tube becomes softer because of the 20 wt% internal plasticizer. The formulation for potable water and beverage contact is 100 wt% virgin Grilamid L 25 W 20 X; regrind is excluded, and no external plasticizer or slip additive is added. Compliance for the resin as a food-contact material requires FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 and EU Regulation 10/2011; the finished tubing assembly must also meet EU 1935/2004 for the complete article, including any connector or seal. Extrusion is performed on a 25:1 L/D single-screw extruder at melt temperature 210–225 °C with a polished-bore mandrel die and low-shear screw geometry. The bore roughness is measured by stylus profilometry after 24 h conditioning at 23 °C; a bore roughness below 0.8 µm Ra is specified to reduce biofilm retention. Terminal product types include draught beverage dispensing lines, soda water lines, and low-pressure juice transfer tubes. Continuous exposure to hot caustic cleaning solutions at 85 °C is not validated for this specific formulation without migration testing; published data for this specific grade under repeated hot caustic cycles is limited, and the user should perform total organic carbon extraction tests before specifying the material for clean-in-place systems.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 W 20 X in the dry state is a plasticizer-modified polyamide 12 (nylon 12) injection molding and extrusion grade. The dry designation indicates that the quoted mechanical and electrical values are referenced to a granulate and test-specimen moisture content below 0.10 % by mass, as determined by Karl Fischer titration according to ISO 15512:2019. Within the EMS-Grivory nomenclature, L identifies the PA12 backbone, 25 is the viscosity grade index, W identifies a plasticizer-modified family, and 20 represents the nominal plasticizer level. X denotes the stabiliser and lubricant package. The base polyamide 12 chain contains fewer amide groups per unit chain length than PA6 or PA66, which results in lower equilibrium moisture uptake and a smaller hygroscopic dimensional change. Under ISO 62, saturation water absorption at 23 °C for the unreinforced plasticized grade is approximately 1.4 %. This combination is used for parts requiring low-temperature ductility, resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons, and dimensional predictability in humid air. Typical components include fluid-system connectors, pneumatic tubing, cable jackets, and snap-fit housings.
Predrying is mandatory before melt processing. A desiccant dryer with a dew point no higher than -30 °C is set between 80 °C and 90 °C for 4 h to 8 h, or until moisture content falls below 0.10 %. Processing undried granulate can hydrolyse the polyamide at melt temperature, producing surface splay, weld-line porosity, screw deposit, and a loss of notched Charpy impact. If ambient relative humidity remains above 60 % for more than 4 h, opened bulk containers should be returned to the dryer or stored in sealed hoppers with dry-air purge. The drying hopper must be sized so that residence time does not exceed 8 h; overdrying at high temperature can oxidise the plasticizer and shift melt viscosity. For regrind, the feed fraction should be limited to 20 % unless process capability studies demonstrate consistent Charpy and dimensional results. Regrind carries lower plasticizer content after multiple heat histories because a small fraction may volatilise during melt processing.
On a reciprocating-screw injection molding machine, melt temperature measured with a purge pyrometer is held between 210 °C and 250 °C, and mold temperature is controlled between 40 °C and 80 °C. Lower mold temperatures shorten cycle time but reduce through-thickness crystallinity and increase post-mold shrinkage. Higher mold temperatures improve dimensional stability, but can lengthen cooling time and may increase sink marks in thick sections. Screw back pressure is typically 0.5 MPa to 1.5 MPa, and injection velocity is adjusted to avoid jetting and free-gas entrapment. Holding pressure should be applied until the gate seals; for unreinforced plasticized PA12, gate-seal time is usually shorter than for filled grades because the melt is more compressible. The hot-runner manifold is limited to 260 °C, and total melt residence time should remain below 10 min. When changing lots on production equipment, the cushion position and switch-over point must be rechecked because plasticizer distribution can alter the pressure-corrected viscosity response.
For tube and cable jacket extrusion, a single-screw extruder with an L/D ratio from 20:1 to 25:1 and a compression ratio of approximately 2.5:1 to 3.0:1 is used. Barrel temperatures are set from 200 °C in the feed zone to 230 °C at the die. Melt temperature at the head should not exceed 250 °C. Screen packs and breaker plates should be sized to maintain head pressure below 30 MPa; excessive pressure can raise melt temperature and degrade the plasticizer. A melt pump is preferred for thin-wall tube because it reduces pressure pulsation and improves wall-thickness control. On air-cooled tube lines, vacuum sizing is used, and the cooling water temperature is maintained above 20 °C to avoid surface frost and dimensional variability. Die drool in plasticized PA12 is controlled by keeping the die-lip temperature at the lower end of the melt-temperature range and by avoiding stagnation points in the adaptor.
The plasticizer disrupts hydrogen bonding in the amorphous phase, reducing dry-state stiffness and yield stress while increasing elongation at break and low-temperature ductility. Under ISO 527-1/-2, dry-as-molded tensile modulus is approximately 1100 MPa to 1300 MPa, compared with roughly 1500 MPa to 1700 MPa for an unplasticized PA12 of comparable viscosity. Yield stress under the same standard is approximately 35 MPa to 40 MPa, and nominal strain at break typically exceeds 250 %. Shore D hardness measured by ISO 868 is approximately 68–72, lower than the high-70s range of the unmodified PA12 reference. The lower modulus does not reduce low-temperature impact proportionally; notched Charpy values at -30 °C under ISO 179-1/1eA remain above 5 kJ/m².
The principal trade-off is long-term load-bearing behaviour. Plasticized grades exhibit higher creep compliance; the creep modulus at 1000 h and 23 °C is below that of the unplasticized reference, although published values for this specific grade are limited. Design calculations for snap-fits and press-fit bushings should therefore use the conditioned modulus rather than the dry-as-molded value when the part operates above 60 % relative humidity. Moisture conditioning at 23 °C and 50 % RH can lower tensile modulus to approximately 900 MPa to 1000 MPa under ISO 527-1/-2; this water-induced plasticization is additive to the formulation plasticizer.
Dynamic mechanical analysis of the base PA12 shows a glass transition near 40 °C; the plasticizer depresses the peak and broadens the damping curve, which corresponds to the improved low-temperature flexibility. The melting point measured by ISO 11357-1/-3 remains at approximately 176 °C because the plasticizer mainly affects the amorphous phase. This means that short-term thermal performance is not as strongly reduced as stiffness, but long-term heat-aging resistance is lower than that of unmodified PA12 because plasticizer volatility and oxidative chain scission become visible earlier.
Relative to PA6 and PA66, the base PA12 chain provides lower water absorption, lower density, and better resistance to many aliphatic hydrocarbons. Saturation water uptake for PA6 can exceed 9 % under ISO 62, while this PA12 grade absorbs approximately 1.4 %. As a result, PA12 retains a greater fraction of its dry-state stiffness in humid air and exhibits smaller dimensional change in thin-walled connectors. However, the dry-state tensile strength of unreinforced PA6 and PA66 is higher, and those materials are selected when stiffness and creep resistance at moderate temperature are more important than moisture stability. Compared with glass-fiber-reinforced PA12 grades, Grilamid L 25 W 20 X has substantially lower tensile modulus and hoop strength; it should not be used as a direct replacement in load-bearing brackets, pump housings, or threaded fittings where glass-filled compounds are specified.
Within the unmodified PA12 portfolio, the plasticized W 20 X offers lower Shore D hardness and lower flexural modulus, permitting snap-fit assembly at lower insertion force. The penalty is increased creep and a greater tendency for plasticizer migration in contact with polar fluids above 60 °C. The grade also processes at lower melt viscosity than high-viscosity unmodified PA12 extrusion grades, which supports thin-wall filling but may reduce melt strength in large-diameter tube extrusion. When melt strength is needed, the melt temperature should be kept near 210 °C rather than 250 °C.
In automotive fuel handling, the grade is evaluated for fuel-vapor return lines, quick connectors, and pneumatic tubes in which cold-impact strength and resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons are simultaneous requirements. The PA12 backbone provides lower permeation to many aliphatic fuels than PA6 or PA66, and the plasticized system retains ductility at -40 °C in component-level burst tests. System qualification is commonly performed under SAE J2260 for fuel-system components; thermal aging, pressure cycling, and chemical exposure tests are defined by the applicable OEM specification. Because burst strength depends on tube diameter, wall thickness, extrusion draw ratio, and moisture condition, published data for this specific configuration are limited and component validation is required.
For cable jacketing and protective conduit, the plasticized grade offers lower flexural modulus than glass-fiber-reinforced PA12 and allows tight bend radii in cold installation. Extrusion through a crosshead die on a cable line is normally run at the lower end of the melt-temperature range to reduce plasticizer volatilisation and die drool. Under ISO 178, dry flexural modulus is approximately 900 MPa to 1100 MPa. The material does not provide the hoop strength of glass-filled PA12 grades and is not a direct substitute when the part must carry continuous mechanical load above 80 °C.
In industrial pneumatic tubing, the grade is used where low-temperature flexibility, fuel resistance, and lower moisture growth are valued. Tubing dimensions are measured after conditioning under ISO 1110 or after a specified post-extrusion period; because PA12 absorbs moisture over time, the inner diameter of freshly extruded tube can decrease slightly after humid conditioning. This is normal and must be included in the tolerance analysis. Fittings should be assembled after conditioning when the tube is intended for humid service; dry-as-molded tubes may later relax against barbed connectors.
At 23 °C and 50 % RH, plasticized PA12 absorbs approximately 0.5 % to 0.7 % moisture by weight; in water at 23 °C, saturation uptake is approximately 1.4 % under ISO 62. Absorbed water acts as a secondary plasticizer: tensile modulus falls, notched impact increases, and dimensions increase by roughly 0.1 % to 0.2 % in the flow direction for unreinforced PA12. Dimensional checks should therefore be performed after conditioning according to ISO 1110 for 14 d at 23 °C and 50 % RH when the application operates in ambient air. If the part is assembled as-molded, later moisture uptake can alter snap-fit engagement, press-fit interference, and bearing clearances.
Compared with PA6, which can absorb more than 9 % water at saturation, PA12 retains better dimensional stability in humid environments. This is one reason for specifying PA12 in fuel-system connectors exposed to under-hood humidity and temperature cycling. Moisture uptake is largely reversible below 80 °C, but repeated hot-water extraction and rapid cooling can produce surface whitening in plasticized grades. This whitening is generally not associated with a major loss in tensile strength but may be unacceptable in visible components.
Continuous contact with concentrated mineral acids, phenols, strong oxidizing agents, and halogenated solvents is not recommended. Hot acetic acid and hydrochloric acid hydrolyse the amide groups, producing surface pitting and a measurable reduction in Charpy impact. The plasticizer can migrate in contact with certain polar oils and ester-based fluids, especially above 60 °C; compatibility testing under ISO 175 or the relevant OEM fluid specification is required. Combinations with amine-based additives or highly alkaline compounds should be avoided because they can deplete the stabiliser system. In electrical and electronic components, comparative tracking index is typically assessed under IEC 60112, and volume resistivity under IEC 62631-3-1; the final values depend on colorants and masterbatch additives. Completed articles must be verified for RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU and REACH compliance through the supplier declaration for the specific compound and packaged lot.
The values in the table are representative for the dry state and for standard-atmosphere conditioning; they are not batch guarantees and should be checked against the current EMS-Grivory material datasheet for the specific delivery lot and color.
| Property | Test method | Unit | Dry-as-molded | Conditioned 23 °C, 50 % RH |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | g/cm³ | 1.03 | 1.04 |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | MPa | 1200 | 950 |
| Yield stress | ISO 527-1/-2 | MPa | 38 | 32 |
| Nominal strain at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | % | >250 | >250 |
| Charpy notched 23 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA | kJ/m² | 7 | 8 |
| Charpy notched -30 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA | kJ/m² | 6 | 7 |
| Melting temperature | ISO 11357-1/-3 | °C | 176 | 176 |
| Vicat softening temperature B50 | ISO 306 | °C | 140 | 138 |
| Water content | ISO 15512 | % | <0.10 | 0.5–0.7 |
For recirculated hot-air or under-hood air-ducting above 120 °C, the plasticized PA12 grade is not preferred because oxidative embrittlement reduces elongation after long-term heat aging. The grade is selected only when low-temperature flexibility and fuel resistance dominate, and when continuous service temperature remains below 80 °C unless supported by component-specific aging data under ISO 188. In such cases, the lower dry-state modulus of the plasticized system relative to unmodified PA12 should be incorporated into the minimum wall-thickness calculation, and the moisture-conditioned modulus should be used for ambient-air assembly validation.
