| HS Code | 355720 |
| Product | EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 W 20 PA12 |
| Type | Plasticized polyamide 12 (PA12) |
| Density | 1.03 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption 24 H | 0.4% |
| Water Absorption Saturation | 1.3% |
| Melting Point Dsc | 176 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 500 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Yield | 30 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 300% |
| Charpy Impact Notched 23 C | No break |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 80 Mpa | 50 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature 10 N | 115 °C |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 20 PA12 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Grilamid® L 25 W 20 PA12 is supplied as pellets in sealed 25 kg bags, labelled with product details and batch number. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loading of Grilamid® L 25 W 20 PA12, ensuring secure, dry, and ventilated stowage for safe transport. |
| Shipping | EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 20 PA12 is a thermoplastic polyamide supplied as moisture-sensitive granules. Ship in sealed, dry containers to prevent water absorption. Non-hazardous, standard transport conditions apply. Avoid exposure to excessive heat or prolonged sunlight, and protect packaging from physical damage during handling and transit. |
| Storage | Store EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 20 PA12 in a cool, dry place in its original, unopened packaging. Keep away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture to prevent hydrolysis and degradation. Ensure good ventilation and avoid exposure to strong oxidizers. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically several years. |
| Shelf Life | Grilamid® L 25 W 20 PA12 has a shelf life of two years when stored unopened, dry, and cool. |
In multi-axis pneumatic automation cells, dimensionally stable polyamide 12 tubing is specified where push-in connections are subjected to repeated flexing and cyclic pressure. The plasticised EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 20 PA12 is pre-dried in a desiccant dryer at 80 °C for 4 h to 6 h until residual moisture measured by Karl Fischer titration remains below 0.10 %. A single-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 25:1 to 30:1 and a three-zone screw having a compression ratio of 2.5:1 is used. Melt temperature at the die is maintained between 220 °C and 240 °C; the barrel profile rises from 200 °C at the feed throat to 230 °C in the metering zone. Vacuum venting at the decompression zone with a residual pressure below −0.08 MPa removes oligomers and retained moisture. Downstream, a vacuum calibration tank at 0.02 MPa and 20 °C water fixes outside diameter while a precision haul-off maintains wall thickness. The lower equilibrium moisture content of PA12 compared with PA6, evaluated under ISO 62, limits dimensional drift in humid factory air. Compliance with ISO 14743 for push-in fittings requires tube ovality and diameter tolerance to be maintained during cooling, because excessive crystallinity gradients can produce bowing. The extrusion window is narrow: die head pressure fluctuations above 10 % of nominal value indicate melt fracture or insufficient plasticator output, and the ratio of melt temperature to cooling-water temperature must be controlled to prevent radial crystallinity asymmetry.
Corrugated polyamide 12 conduit for engine-compartment cable routing is produced on a vacuum corrugator, where the melt exits an annular die and is captured between moving mould block pairs. The EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 20 PA12 melt is kept between 225 °C and 235 °C at the die lip to avoid premature freeze-off before full mould cavity replication. Vacuum in the mould block cavity is maintained below 0.03 MPa to draw the tube wall into the corrugation profile. Wall thickness at the outer corrugation crown is typically the limiting zone; excessive draw-down reduces kink resistance. The plasticised matrix retains sufficient elongation, measured under ISO 527-2, to accommodate the outer-radius strain without stress whitening at low ambient temperature. Cold-impact testing at −40 °C is used by wire harness suppliers as a gate test, because unplasticised PA12 conduits can develop longitudinal splits when impacted in sub-zero engine-bay conditions. Die swell must be compensated by adjusting haul-off speed against mould block speed; mismatches above 3 % induce wall-thickness variation and local helix distortion. Melt pressure before the breaker plate is monitored because fluctuations greater than 8 % indicate feed instability caused by insufficient pre-drying or screw wear. The cable inside the conduit is often specified under ISO 6722-1; the conduit itself is heat-aged according to individual OEM material specifications. Published data for fatigue cycles to failure in this specific corrugated configuration is limited; qualification therefore relies on component-level flex testing rather than resin-level extrapolation.
Multi-lumen microcatheter shafts and introducer sheaths fabricated from plasticised PA12 require a controlled low-shear extrusion line to preserve melt integrity. Pellets are dried at 80 °C under a drying-air dew point below −30 °C for 4 h to 6 h, with a residual moisture limit of 0.10 %. A 20:1 L/D single-screw extruder with a medical-grade screw and a gear pump reduces output pulsation below 2 %. Melt temperature is maintained between 210 °C and 225 °C; higher temperatures generate visible gel formation in the melt stream. The extrudate passes through a vacuum sizer, an ultrasonic wall-thickness scanner, and a closed-loop laser micrometer. Outer diameters are held to ±0.025 mm. Post-extrusion annealing under nitrogen at 110 °C for 2 h relieves frozen-in orientation that can cause curved shaft sections after secondary bonding. Biological evaluation is performed in accordance with ISO 10993-5 for cytotoxicity and ISO 10993-10 for sensitization; qualification under USP Class VI may also be required for patient-contact components. The use of plasticised PA12 in this application is contingent on extractables profiling, because the plasticizer migration kinetics can affect acute systemic toxicity endpoints. Processing is conducted in an ISO Class 8 cleanroom under ISO 13485 quality management. Dimensional stability of the catheter shaft after sterilization by ethylene oxide is verified by post-sterilization straightness measurement, not only by pre-sterilization dimensions.
Heavy-duty truck air brake coil tube is exposed to cyclic pressure pulses, methanol carryover, road-debris impact, and cold-soak conditions. In this segment, the plasticised PA12 grade is extruded into smooth or coiled tube with an outside diameter range that interfaces with SAE J844-compliant fittings. Extrusion uses a 25:1 L/D single-screw extruder with a dry-air hopper dryer at 80 °C. Melt temperature at the die is kept between 225 °C and 240 °C. The SAE J844 performance specification includes conditioning at −40 °C followed by cold impact, hot-oil resistance, methanol compatibility, and burst verification at elevated temperature. The plasticised matrix reduces the low-temperature modulus sufficiently to pass cold impact without sacrificing heat-aged burst resistance. Wall thickness control is critical because the burst pressure is a function of the minimum measured wall, not the average wall; a single-point thin section becomes the failure initiation site. In-line ultrasonic gauging with a defined scan window of 12.5 mm or less captures thin bands that a single-axis laser system would miss. The grade is pre-dried to 0.10 % residual moisture. Moisture above this limit in the hopper causes viscosity degradation and surface splay that reduces burst reproducibility. Puller speed and cooling trough temperature are set to maintain tube roundness below 0.1 mm diameter variation. Data obtained from material qualification test reports is typically compared against SAE J844 minimum values but not extrapolated to tubing geometries beyond the tested size range.
| Test | Standard | Key condition |
|---|---|---|
| Cold impact | SAE J844 | −40 °C soak |
| Heat ageing | SAE J844 | air oven at 100 °C |
| Methanol resistance | SAE J844 | reference fluid immersion |
| Burst verification | SAE J844 | 23 °C and 60 °C |
Control and instrumentation cables installed on offshore platforms require a jacket compound that maintains elongation after prolonged exposure to hot mineral oil and drilling mud. The polyamide 12 grade is processed as a jacketing layer over a twisted pair or triad core using a crosshead die with pressure tooling. Melt temperature is set between 225 °C and 235 °C; a lower temperature is avoided because tube tooling can produce melt fracture at the seam. The cable is preheated to 60 °C to 80 °C before the crosshead to improve adhesion. Jacket wall thickness is controlled by a dual-axis laser gauge after a cooling trough. Thermal ageing is assessed according to IEC 60811-401, while oil resistance is tested under IEC 60811-404 in IRM 902. The polar amide group provides resistance to hydrocarbon swelling, and the plasticized PA12 retains flexibility during cold-bend installation at sub-zero temperatures. A consistent jacket wall thickness around the cable core is more critical than average thickness; eccentricity above 15 % promotes localized stress concentrations during bending. The rate of plasticizer loss under continuous hot-oil exposure is an operational boundary; when the jacket is used above 100 °C continuous conductor temperature, accelerated ageing may shift elongation retention below code minimums. Validation is performed on complete cable constructions rather than on plaques because ageing in a multi-layer cable involves oxygen ingress through the outer sheath and thermal gradients across the insulation.
Thermoplastic hydraulic hose inner liners in mobile machinery use plasticised PA12 where low-temperature flexibility and oil compatibility are required. The liner is extruded at a melt temperature of 230 °C onto a mandrel, then fibre-reinforced and jacketed. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; processing trials on mandrel tooling commonly encounter PA12 adhesion and collapse risks when mandrel pre-heat is below 80 °C. Use of the grade is restricted to systems where operating temperature does not exceed the continuous-use limit stated in the material datasheet.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 20 is a plasticised polyamide 12 (PA12) grade in the Grilamid L series. The base-resin designation L 25 denotes a medium-viscosity PA12 with a viscosity number near 250 cm³/g when determined in 0.5 % m-cresol solution according to ISO 307; the suffix W 20 corresponds to a plasticiser-modified condition with a nominal plasticiser content of 20 % by weight, placing it in the ISO 1043-1 classification PA12-P. The material is supplied as cylindrical granules, typically with bulk density in the range 0.65–0.75 g/cm³ under ISO 60. It is intended for injection moulding and extrusion processes in which reduced flexural stiffness, notched-impact toughness at low temperature, and low moisture absorption are required. The grade remains a semicrystalline polyamide rather than a thermoplastic elastomer; elastic recovery is therefore lower than that of polyether block amide materials, and long-term load-bearing design data should account for creep under sustained stress.
At 275 °C and 5 kg load, the melt volume-flow rate typically lies between 25 cm³/10 min and 45 cm³/10 min when tested to ISO 1133-1. The shear-thinning response is stable below 280 °C; above this limit, volatile plasticiser components can produce mould-vent deposits and screw-recovery variability. Back pressure is normally held at 5–15 bar on small injection barrels, while pressures above 20 bar can raise melt temperature locally and exceed the volatility threshold even when barrel set-points remain within the recommended window.
Residual moisture before melt processing must be reduced below 0.10 % by weight, as determined by ISO 15512 method B or Karl Fischer titration. A desiccant dryer with a dew point no higher than -30 °C should be used; pre-drying at 80 °C for 4–6 h is typical for sealed bags opened longer than 30 min at relative humidity above 60 %. Open hot-air hopper dryers are not recommended because plasticiser migration to the granule surface may occur during extended residence. Holding material at 80 °C for more than 8 h can increase surface tack, feed-throat bridging, and melt-pressure fluctuation.
On reciprocating-screw injection moulding machines with L/D 20–25 and a compression ratio of 2.2–2.8, barrel zones are typically set from 220 °C to 260 °C, with the nozzle limited to 260 °C. Mould temperature is controlled between 40 °C and 80 °C. Melt residence time should not exceed 10 min; longer residence promotes yellowing, molecular-weight reduction, and deposits from plasticiser degradation. Clamp force is calculated from projected area at 0.5–0.8 tonne/cm² for general engineering parts, although thin-wall mouldings may require high packing pressure rather than higher clamp tonnage. Gate diameter for unfilled PA12-P should be at least 0.8 mm for wall stock up to 2.0 mm to avoid jetting and gate blush. Hot-runner manifolds are set at 240–260 °C; valve-gate tips with flow-channel diameters below 2 mm create local shear heating and should be avoided.
| Conversion route | Screw L/D | Melt-temperature range | Tooling/bath temperature | Drying | Maximum residence time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injection moulding | 20–25 | 230–260 °C | 40–80 °C | 80 °C, 4–6 h, dew point ≤ -30 °C | 10 min |
| Tube/profile extrusion | 25–30 | 220–250 °C | 20–40 °C | 80 °C, 4–6 h, dew point ≤ -30 °C | 12 min |
In continuous production, three failure modes are observed with plasticised PA12: gate blush from high shear at small gates, screw slippage from low feed-zone compression, and surface deposits on mould vents from plasticiser volatilisation at temperatures above 260 °C. Gate blush is reduced by increasing gate diameter and by lowering injection velocity to 50–100 mm/s. Screw slippage is controlled by maintaining the rear barrel zone at 220–230 °C and by avoiding excessive back pressure. Mould vent cleaning intervals may need to shorten to every 24 h in continuous operation. Regrind of sprues and edge trim may be re-introduced up to 30 % by weight in non-safety parts, but each heat history reduces plasticiser retention and notched-impact safety margin. For automotive tubing certified to ISO 7628, regrind levels above 20 % require documented lot testing because plasticiser distribution in regrind is not homogeneous.
Typical lot-averaged values for dry-as-moulded and conditioned states are listed in the following table. They are drawn from supplier technical documentation and are not specification limits. Specimens are injection-moulded according to ISO 294-1 and conditioned according to ISO 291 at 23 °C/50 % RH where indicated.
| Property | Test standard | Unit | Dry as moulded | Conditioned 23 °C/50 % RH |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | g/cm³ | 1.02–1.04 | 1.02–1.04 |
| Water absorption at saturation | ISO 62 | % | — | 1.2–1.5 |
| Water absorption at 23 °C/50 % RH | ISO 62 | % | — | 0.5–0.7 |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | MPa | 1400–1600 | 1100–1300 |
| Tensile stress at yield | ISO 527-1/-2 | MPa | 34–38 | 30–34 |
| Elongation at yield | ISO 527-1/-2 | % | 5–8 | 10–18 |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | % | >50 | >50 |
| Charpy notched impact, +23 °C | ISO 179/1eA | kJ/m² | 5–8 | 15–25 |
| Charpy notched impact, -30 °C | ISO 179/1eA | kJ/m² | 4–6 | 6–10 |
| Shore D hardness | ISO 868 | — | 68–72 | 63–67 |
| Melting temperature, 10 K/min | ISO 11357-3 | °C | 172–178 | 172–178 |
| Vicat softening temperature A/50 | ISO 306 | °C | 130–145 | 130–145 |
| Melt volume-flow rate, 275 °C/5 kg | ISO 1133-1 | cm³/10 min | 25–45 | 25–45 |
| Mould shrinkage, longitudinal/transverse | ISO 294-4 | % | 0.5–0.9 / 0.7–1.1 | 0.5–0.9 / 0.7–1.1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion, 23–55 °C | ISO 11359-1/-2 | K⁻¹ | 1.0–1.4 × 10⁻⁴ | 1.0–1.4 × 10⁻⁴ |
Moisture uptake at 23 °C/50 % RH reaches approximately 0.5–0.7 % by weight; this is much lower than the 2.5–3.0 % typical of unreinforced PA6. Consequently, dimensions of PA12-P parts are less sensitive to seasonal humidity changes, but the plasticiser can cause small compressive set under sustained clamp loads. Conditioning accelerates the drop in tensile modulus because absorbed water plasticises the polyamide phase, but the combined effect of water and the 20 % plasticiser is nonlinear; dry-modulus data alone should not be used for parts operating in humid environments unless a safety factor of at least 10–15 % on stiffness is applied.
At equivalent moisture condition, the 20 % plasticiser level lowers tensile modulus by approximately 25–40 % relative to unmodified Grilamid L 25, while yield stress decreases by roughly 10–20 %. Notched Charpy impact in the conditioned state can remain above 10 kJ/m² at 23 °C, whereas a medium-viscosity unplasticised PA12 may fall below 5 kJ/m² under the same ISO 179/1eA protocol. The low-temperature fracture behaviour is shifted: plasticisation moves the ductile-to-brittle transition toward lower temperatures, making the grade more resistant to crack initiation at -30 °C, but exact transition temperatures are tool-thickness dependent and must be confirmed per part geometry.
Compared with plasticised PA11, L 25 W 20 typically shows lower water saturation and lower density. PA12 saturation under ISO 62 is generally 1.2–1.5 %, while plasticised PA11 may reach 1.9–2.5 % at water immersion; this difference influences dimensional change in humid service. Against unreinforced PA6 or PA66, L 25 W 20 has markedly lower moisture absorption, lower melting and Vicat temperatures, and lower dry tensile modulus. A dry PA66 may exceed 3000 MPa in tensile modulus, whereas L 25 W 20 remains below 1600 MPa. The PA12 backbone provides lower density and better resistance to zinc chloride salt solutions and aliphatic fuels, but the plasticiser modification reduces upper use temperature and increases permeation relative to unmodified PA12. Compared with polyether block amide elastomers, this grade is stiffer, exhibits lower elastic recovery, and is not a direct replacement for true elastomeric components requiring repeated high-extension recovery.
According to supplier data, PA12 grades retain a higher share of tensile elongation after air ageing at 100 °C for 1000 h than many PA6 grades, but published data for this specific W 20 configuration in oxidative ageing is limited. Therefore, air-ageing validation should be performed with tensile impact and elongation-at-break measurements according to ISO 527-1/-2 and ISO 179/1eA at defined intervals.
On a single-screw extruder with L/D 25–30 and a melt pump, tube exit melt temperature is normally held at 220–250 °C. Grooved-feed bushings are preferred over smooth bore in the feed zone to maintain throughput stability with plasticised granules; screw speeds above 80 min⁻¹ on a 45 mm extruder can produce melt-temperature heterogeneity above 5 °C, requiring a static mixer or melt pump for critical tubing wall-thickness control. Vacuum sizing tanks are operated at 20–40 °C with an internal air pressure of 0.05–0.15 MPa to maintain lumen roundness in walls below 1.0 mm. Wall-thickness variation of ±0.05 mm is achievable with ultrasonic or laser gauge feedback and controlled haul-off speed. The material contributes low-temperature impact strength and flexibility to spiral-burst and cold-impact tests carried out at -40 °C according to ISO 7628, but the finished tube construction, dimensional class, and fitting compatibility determine compliance; resin properties alone are not sufficient to certify the assembly.
Typical uses include automotive fuel-vapour lines, pneumatic tubing, cable sheathing, and industrial air lines. In fuel contact, testing under ISO 1817 or SAE J2260 is required; published data for this specific W 20 configuration in aggressive oxygenated fuels is limited, and sour-gas or methanol-blend fuels may extract plasticiser and reduce flexibility. Chemical resistance testing under ISO 1817 or SAE J2260 shows that PA12-P grades generally resist aliphatic hydrocarbons, diesel fuel, lubricating oils, and dilute salt solutions. Concentrated mineral acids, phenols, and strong oxidising agents are incompatible. Continuous hot air above 120 °C causes oxidative embrittlement, and extended contact with non-polar solvents or hot mineral oil may extract plasticiser, producing hardening and dimensional shrinkage. For medical, food-contact, or drinking-water applications, lot-specific supplier certification to FDA 21 CFR 177.1500, EU 10/2011, or ISO 10993-1 is required; the base resin family is not automatically certified for the compounded grade. Under EU RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU and REACH Article 33, the SDS and lot declaration should be checked for restricted substances.
