| HS Code | 527619 |
| Material | EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 W 10 H X |
| Polymer Type | PA12 (Polyamide 12) |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 1400 MPa |
| Tensile Stress At Yield | 45 MPa |
| Tensile Strain At Yield | 5 % |
| Elongation At Break | >300 % |
| Charpy Impact Strength At 23 C | No break |
| Izod Impact Strength At 23 C | No break |
| Shore Hardness | 72 Shore D |
| Heat Deflection Temperature Hdt B 0 45 Mpa | 75 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature Hdt A 1 80 Mpa | 50 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B50 | 120 °C |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 10 H X PA12 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Available in 25 kg moisture-proof multilayer bags, each labeled with product name, batch number, and handling precautions. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loading of Grilamid® L 25 W 10 H X PA12 pellets, packed in sealed bags, secured for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® L 25 W 10 H X PA12 ships as a non-hazardous, non-regulated thermoplastic granulate. Pack in sealed, moisture-proof bags to prevent humidity absorption. Store cool and dry, away from strong oxidizers. No special transport classification required; standard freight is suitable. Handle with care to avoid dust and static accumulation. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid® L 25 W 10 H X in its original, unopened container in a cool, dry place at room temperature. Protect from moisture, direct sunlight, and excessive heat. Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Proper storage ensures consistent processing and material properties. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years when stored unopened, dry, and protected from light and heat. |
Coextruded automotive evaporative emission control components using EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 10 H X place the PA12 grade in the innermost and outermost polyamide layers of five- to seven-layer tube constructions specified under SAE J2260, SAE J1645, and ISO 13775-1. The compound is introduced into each polyamide layer at a 100 wt% virgin let-down; if edge trim and start-up purge are reprocessed on the same coextrusion line, the regrind fraction is capped at 20 wt% of polyamide layer mass because higher recycle loading approaches the upper bound allowed in several processor qualification plans, and published data for regrind ratios above this threshold in this exact grade are limited. Pre-drying to 0.10 wt% residual moisture is conducted at 80 °C for 4 h to 6 h when plant relative humidity exceeds 60%; hopper heating alone is not considered sufficient for coextrusion lines running thin-wall tubes below 1.0 mm total wall thickness. The equipment used in production-scale qualification includes polyamide extruders with 30:1 to 32:1 L/D barrier screws, gear pumps to hold layer thickness variation below 0.03 mm, and multi-layer spiral mandrel dies configured to avoid ethylene-vinyl alcohol degradation at polymer interfaces. Barrel temperatures are profiled from 220 °C in the feed zone to 250 °C at the die head; melt residence time is kept below 8 min, and die-head pressure is limited to 180 bar. Process issues documented on continuous lines include surface micro-pitting when melt temperature drifts above 255 °C, layer delamination when the polyamide stream enters the die below 218 °C, and outside-diameter oscillation when sizing vacuum is less stable than ±0.05 bar. Downstream, the extrudate passes through vacuum calibration at -0.2 bar to -0.4 bar, five-stage water cooling with counter-current flow, dual-axis laser diameter measurement, and in-line spark testing before cut-to-length or coiling. Terminal finished product types include SAE J2260-rated fuel filler neck vapor return lines, evaporative emission canister purge lines, diesel fuel return lines, and fuel tank vapor management tubes.
| Component or test area | Standard designation | Relevant measured attribute |
|---|---|---|
| Multilayer fuel vapor tubing | SAE J2260 | Fuel permeation, burst, cold impact |
| Fuel system assembly | SAE J1645 | Vehicle-level evaporative emissions |
| Polyamide tubing dimensions | ISO 13775-1 | Diameter, wall thickness, ovality |
| Tensile property baseline | ISO 527-2 | Tensile modulus, elongation at break |
| Notched impact strength | ISO 179-1/1eA | Charpy notched impact |
Production of commercial vehicle air brake tube from Grilamid L 25 W 10 H X is governed by SAE J844, SAE J2494, and DIN 74324-1, with burst pressure retention after 125 °C thermal ageing serving as the control parameter that separates conforming tube from field-return risk. In this application the extrudate is processed at 100 wt% base resin; black UV-stabilized production accepts 2 wt% to 5 wt% carbon black masterbatch in a PA12 carrier, while color-stable runs use no masterbatch. Externally supplied plasticizer concentrates are not recommended for pressure-retaining layers because low-molecular-weight plasticizer migration into the fitting interface can reduce tooth-retention force after thermal ageing; this operational boundary applies when polyurethane push-to-connect fittings are specified. Processing is performed on single-screw extruders with 30:1 L/D barrier screws and grooved feed sections; the melt temperature at the die is maintained between 230 °C and 250 °C, and the die land length is selected to produce ovality below 0.05 mm after coiling. Melt pressure is kept below 150 bar; if pressure exceeds 180 bar, shear-induced molecular weight reduction has been observed to reduce time to failure under SAE J844 heat-age burst tests. Vacuum calibration at -0.3 bar is used with a five-chamber water bath; tube outside diameter is monitored by laser gauge, and wall thickness is checked continuously by ultrasonic probe. After extrusion, the tube is moisture-conditioned by immersion in 80 °C water for 4 h to raise bulk moisture to approximately 2.5 wt%, which restores low-temperature impact ductility and reduces installation kinking. Terminal finished product types include straight and coiled truck air brake tubing in 1/4 in, 3/8 in, and 1/2 in outside diameters, trailer air suspension supply tubes, and pneumatic control lines with integrated push-to-connect fittings.
Loose-tube fiber optic cable buffer tube extrusion for ADSS and underground duct installation uses Grilamid L 25 W 10 H X as the extruded secondary tube that contains stranding gel and optical fibers. The relevant compliance framework includes IEC 60794-1-22 for crush resistance, IEC 60794-1-21 for buffer tube shrinkage at elevated temperature, and IEC 60811-401 for oxidative induction time; REACH Article 33 declarations and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II screening are applied to cable components sold into European utilities. The formulation is set at 96 wt% to 100 wt% Grilamid L 25 W 10 H X with 0 wt% to 4 wt% color or antioxidant masterbatch; the exact let-down is adjusted after production-scale shrinkback trials at 85 °C according to IEC 60794-1-21, because excessive masterbatch dilution alters crystallinity and increases post-extrusion shrinkage. Extrusion is conducted on single-screw machines with 25:1 to 30:1 L/D, melt temperature 220 °C to 240 °C, and a concentricity target of ±0.05 mm wall variation measured by ultrasonic scanning around the tube circumference. The extruded tube is subsequently filled with thixotropic buffer gel at 0.8 bar to 1.2 bar, then stranded in reverse-oscillating lay plates; excess tube length is controlled within 0.05% to 0.15% to prevent macrobend loss at -40 °C. A process bottleneck arises at start-up because the PA12 tube shrinks onto the gel-filling needle if the vacuum sizing temperature is below 15 °C, producing intermittent needle plugging; therefore the first 50 m of extruded tube is discarded or reprocessed as non-critical jacket filler. Terminal finished product types include ADSS optical ground wire jackets, central loose-tube cables, mini-breakout distribution cables, and direct-buried fiber optic units.
In disposable medical device extrusion, Grilamid L 25 W 10 H X is compounded into catheter shaft tubing where the final part must meet ISO 10993-1:2018 biological evaluation planning, ISO 10993-5:2009 cytotoxicity, and ISO 10993-10 sensitization; the material is also screened against USP Class VI and FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 where the production lot is intended for US market submission. The typical addition ratio is 80 wt% to 85 wt% Grilamid L 25 W 10 H X compounded with 15 wt% to 20 wt% barium sulfate masterbatch for radiopacity; if the device does not require radiographic visibility, the neat resin is used at 100 wt%. Compounding must avoid zinc stearate and amine-based slip agents because these additives can migrate to the shaft surface and produce positive extractable or cytotoxicity responses under ISO 10993-5 extraction protocols. The compounding step is performed on a corotating twin-screw extruder with 36:1 L/D at melt temperature 210 °C; the compounded pellets are then re-dried to 0.08 wt% moisture before shaft extrusion. Shaft extrusion uses a medical-grade single-screw microextruder with 25:1 L/D, melt filtration through a 20 µm depth filter, melt temperature 210 °C to 230 °C, and a vacuum calibration tank maintained at 10 °C. Tube wall uniformity is verified by laser micrometry at 1 kHz sampling rate; shafts with wall variation above 0.02 mm are diverted to regrind, which is excluded from patient-contact layers. Terminal finished product types include radiopaque diagnostic catheter shafts, introducer sheath bodies, and non-implantable irrigation tubing.
In industrial pneumatic service lines conforming to ISO 7628-1 and DIN 73378, the grade is extruded as a neat 100 wt% base polymer with 0 wt% to 5 wt% color masterbatch; the manufacturing process is single-screw extrusion with vacuum sizing and cut-to-length haul-off. Terminal finished products include metric nylon tube in 4 mm × 6 mm to 12 mm × 16 mm sizes for compressed air distribution and push-in fitting circuits.
Hydraulic hose constructions specified under SAE J517 100R7 and EN 855 use a thermoplastic polyamide inner liner; Grilamid L 25 W 10 H X is selected where low-temperature flexure at -40 °C and resistance to phosphate ester hydraulic fluids are required in the same liner. The addition ratio for the hydraulic-fluid-contact layer is 100 wt% base resin; reprocessed homogeneous production scrap may be introduced at up to 15 wt% only into the outer jacket sublayer and not into the fluid-contact layer, because ester-fluid exposure on regrind-induced lower molecular weight surfaces has produced stress-cracking in impulse tests at high pressure peaks. The liner is extruded over a fixed mandrel at 240 °C to 250 °C melt temperature using a barrier screw and a melt pump to control wall thickness at 0.8 mm minimum; after mandrel extraction the liner is braided with polyester or aramid yarn, then jacketed with a second polyamide compound. Impulse testing per ISO 6803 at 133% of rated pressure imposes a no-leakage threshold of 200,000 cycles; production batches are additionally subjected to hydraulic fluid ageing at 100 °C for 72 h in phosphate ester before burst verification. Published data for the specific interaction between this exact EMS grade and all commercial phosphate ester formulations is limited, so each hydraulic oil formulation is qualified separately. Terminal finished product types include SAE J517 100R7 hydraulic hose for compact construction equipment, agricultural machinery steering lines, and hydraulic log splitter hoses.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 W 10 H X PA12 is a heat-stabilized, plasticized polyamide 12 grade supplied by EMS-Chemie AG for injection molding and flexible tube or profile extrusion. The material belongs to the long-chain aliphatic polyamide family classified under ISO 1043-1 as PA12 and is positioned within the Grilamid L series. The designation L 25 W 10 H X is a vendor-specific commercial code rather than an ISO material code: L 25 identifies the base viscosity class, W indicates plasticizer-modified flexibility, H denotes heat stabilization, and X is associated with extrusion-optimized melt behavior. This alphanumeric interpretation should be confirmed against the current EMS technical data sheet because the suffix code is not governed by ISO 1043. In practice, the grade is specified for flexible pneumatic conduit, cable-protection systems, and technical components requiring low moisture uptake, good cold ductility, and resistance to chloride-induced stress cracking. Engineering calculations for this product must account for the plasticizer-related reduction in stiffness and the increase in time-dependent deformation relative to unplasticized PA12.
At the molecular level, PA12 contains an eleven-carbon aliphatic sequence between amide functional groups, whereas PA6 and PA66 contain shorter methylene sequences. The lower amide density reduces equilibrium water uptake. Published saturation moisture data under ISO 62 at 23 °C in water are approximately 1.5 % by mass for PA12, 9.5 % for PA6, and 8.5 % for PA66. Because absorbed water plasticizes the amorphous phase, the PA12 matrix exhibits smaller humidity-induced dimensional change and more stable mechanical response across moisture cycles. Grilamid L 25 H, an unplasticized heat-stabilized grade in the same family, provides higher tensile modulus and lower elongation at break; it is selected where stiffness, creep resistance, and dimensional stability under load take priority. The W 10 H X formulation moves the property envelope toward lower flexural modulus, higher room- and low-temperature impact response, and lower surface hardness. The corresponding trade-off is lower crush resistance, higher creep rate under sustained load, and possible plasticizer migration under heat or aggressive fluid contact. Compared with PA6 and PA66, the PA12 framework offers lower density and lower moisture uptake but a lower continuous-use temperature ceiling. Crystallization kinetics also differ: PA12 develops crystallinity more slowly and shows lower shrinkage in thick sections, while PA66 crystallizes more rapidly and offers higher stiffness after molding. Because dry PA12 exhibits a glass transition of approximately 40 °C, the plasticizer shifts practical cold-temperature flexibility, but absorbed humidity acts as an additional plasticizer. Accelerated conditioning according to ISO 1110 is therefore used to stabilize test specimens, although thick field components may not reach uniform saturation in service.
The base PA12 architecture also contributes zinc-chloride stress-cracking resistance, low density, and good resistance to many aliphatic hydrocarbons. The W 10 H X designation modifies those characteristics by introducing a mobile plasticizer phase. In conditions where the component must maintain hoop strength or resist a compressive clamp load, the unplasticized Grilamid L 25 H grade may be more suitable. Where repeated flexural fatigue or cold impact dominates, the W 10 H X grade is positioned as the lower-modulus alternative. The selection should be based on ISO 527-2 tensile modulus, ISO 178 flexural modulus, and ISO 179-1/1eA notched Charpy impact over the expected service temperature range, not solely on resin type.
Drying is mandatory before melt processing. PA12 absorbs moisture primarily in the amorphous regions. At standard plant ambient conditions, equilibrium moisture often exceeds the processing threshold for bubble-free tube wall and stable melt viscosity. Hydrolysis during melting may not be immediately visible but lowers molecular weight, causing surface splay, fluctuating die pressure, reduced burst strength, and inconsistent melt viscosity. A dry-air desiccant dryer with a dew point at or below −30 °C and an inlet air temperature of 80 °C for 4 h to 8 h is the conventional boundary for flexible PA12 compounds, producing a residual moisture target at or below 0.10 % by mass. Initial moisture should be measured by a Karl Fischer apparatus according to ISO 15512. Overdrying beyond the recommended interval can shift the additive distribution and produce discoloration; dried material should be conveyed in closed dry-air lines rather than allowed to remain in open plant air. Lot-to-lot flow verification by melt volume-flow rate according to ISO 1133-1 can detect moisture contamination or incorrect viscosity class before large-scale production.
Injection molding melt temperatures from 220 °C to 260 °C and mold temperatures from 40 °C to 80 °C are typical for the L 25 base, although the plasticizer and heat-stabilizer package imposes a practical upper limit. Melt temperatures above 260 °C combined with extended residence time accelerate thermal degradation and may produce black specks, acrid odor, and reduced impact strength. Screw geometry for plasticized PA12 should avoid excessive shear. A compression ratio of 2.5:1 to 3.0:1 is commonly cited for PA12, but the exact design must follow EMS recommendations. Injection speed and packing pressure should be set to avoid jetting and gate blush. Proper venting at the end of fill prevents diesel-effect burn marks in complex tooling.
For tube and profile extrusion, grooved feed zones provide stable transport of the L 25 viscosity class. Screw L/D ratios between 30:1 and 36:1 with a gradual transition zone are typical for PA12 tube lines. Aggressive barrier screws with high-shear mixing elements can overheat the plasticized melt, producing gel particles and die drool. Melt temperatures for tubing are usually held in the lower region of the window, from 210 °C to 240 °C, to protect the stabilizer package. Die land length and drawdown ratio influence orientation: a high drawdown ratio may increase tensile strength in the machine direction but reduce hoop burst strength. Vacuum calibration tank temperature and gap settings control ovality and surface quality. Water temperatures from 15 °C to 40 °C are used depending on wall thickness; thicker walls require less rapid quenching to reduce frozen-in stress. The line speed must be matched to cooling length so that the tube exits the calibration unit below its heat-distortion threshold and does not deform under its own weight.
| Property | PA12 | PA6 | PA66 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density, ISO 1183-1 (g/cm³) | 1.02 | 1.14 | 1.14 |
| Saturation water absorption, ISO 62, 23 °C water (%) | 1.5 | 9.5 | 8.5 |
| Melting point, ISO 11357-3 (°C) | 178 | 220 | 260 |
Chemical resistance of the PA12 matrix is an important selection criterion. The polymer withstands aliphatic hydrocarbons, mineral oils, greases, many automotive fluids, and road de-icing salts at moderate service temperatures. Concentrated strong acids, polar solvents, and certain chlorinated compounds attack the material. The plasticizer phase in the W 10 H X grade is more mobile than the polymer backbone; prolonged contact with hot oil or aggressive esters can extract the plasticizer and shift the component toward embrittlement and shrinkage. Fluid compatibility testing under ISO 1817 should use the actual service fluid, including field contaminants, because reference liquids do not reproduce batch-to-batch fluid variability. Continuous hot-water exposure above 80 °C is generally outside the recommended boundary for plasticized PA12 because hydrolysis and additive migration accelerate. This limitation is frequently underestimated when PA12 is selected for general chemical resistance and then exposed to combined heat and moisture. For fuel-carrying systems with permeation limits, a PA12 tube alone may not satisfy the required barrier level, and multilayer constructions containing a barrier polymer such as EVOH are necessary.
Compressed-air brake tubing in commercial vehicles subjects the polymer to pressure pulsation, road-induced flexure, cold-temperature impact, and chloride-bearing road spray. PA12 is specified in this sector because of its cold-impact response and zinc-chloride stress-cracking resistance relative to many short-chain polyamides. Finished tube requirements are defined by standards such as SAE J844 in North America; the resin itself is not certified under this standard until converted into a defined tube construction. Component validation must include burst-pressure retention after thermal aging, low-temperature impact after conditioning, and resistance to brake-system fluids. Plasticized PA12 grades can retain ductile behavior in notched Charpy testing at −30 °C according to ISO 179-1/1eA, but the absolute energy value is affected by specimen geometry, moisture state, and plasticizer content. Published data for this specific W 10 H X configuration under finished-tube protocols is limited; production-scale extrusion and finished-part testing are required to establish lot-specific performance.
On production-scale extrusion lines, the main failure mode observed with plasticized PA12 tubing is not always gross fracture but slow crack growth from surface scratches or processing-induced weld lines. In cable-protection conduits, flexibility permits tighter routing and reduces installation force. The plasticized wall is more prone to abrasion and crushing than an unplasticized PA12 conduit of the same thickness. Wall thickness should therefore be increased or a harder outer layer specified where stone impingement or abrasion dominates. The same reasoning applies to clipped pneumatic lines: the clamp region must be considered a long-term creep point because plasticized PA12 under sustained compressive stress may relax and lose clamp force.
| Characteristic | Standard or method | Condition or note |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile modulus and strength | ISO 527-2 | 23 °C, 50 mm/min |
| Notched Charpy impact | ISO 179-1/1eA | 23 °C and −30 °C |
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | Consistency check |
| Moisture content | ISO 15512 | Karl Fischer |
| Thermal transitions | ISO 11357-3 | 10 K/min under nitrogen |
| Chemical resistance | ISO 1817 | Actual service fluid |
| Finished air-brake tube | SAE J844 | Thermal aging, burst, cold impact |
| Conditioning | ISO 1110 or supplier method | Moisture-controlled testing |
Regulatory compliance is formulation-dependent. Under European Union chemicals legislation, the base polymer, heat stabilizer, and plasticizer package are subject to REACH registration obligations. Electrical and electronic applications may fall under RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU. Food-contact use requires migration testing under 21 CFR 177.1500 or EU 10/2011 because plasticizer and stabilizer migration limits depend on the exact formulation and food simulant. The operational boundary for the plasticized system includes the combined effects of temperature, stress, and fluid exposure: sustained load at elevated temperature accelerates creep, plasticizer loss, and oxidative embrittlement. Long-term creep-rupture evaluation should be performed on specimens conditioned at the highest expected service temperature and the lowest expected moisture level, because dry PA12 is stiffer and may exhibit different failure modes than conditioned PA12. The grade should not be blended with incompatible amine-based additives, which can alter melt pH and destabilize the heat-stabilizer package. Incoming resin should be checked for moisture and melt-flow stability; out-of-specification melt volume-flow rate may indicate contamination, moisture damage, or incorrect viscosity class.
