| HS Code | 903600 |
| Product | EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 nat (PA12 Film Grade) |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ (ISO 1183) |
| Melting Point | 178°C (DSC) |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 35°C (DSC) |
| Water Absorption Saturation | 1.5% |
| Water Absorption 24h Immersion | 0.25% |
| Tensile Modulus | 1400 MPa (ISO 527-1) |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 55 MPa (ISO 527-3) |
| Elongation At Break | 250% (ISO 527-3) |
| Tear Propagation Resistance | 45 N/mm (ISO 6383-1) |
| Oxygen Permeability | 100 cm³/(m²·24h·bar) at 23°C, 50% RH (for 50 µm film) |
| Light Transmittance | ~90% |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 nat PA12 Film Grade factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 nat PA12 film grade is supplied in sealed, moisture-proof 25 kg bags for safe handling and processing. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: palletized PA12 granules in sealed bags, dry cargo, stable, no special hazards, loaded efficiently to maximize weight capacity. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® L 25 nat PA12 Film Grade ships as non-hazardous pellets in sealed, moisture-protective bags on pallets. Keep dry and avoid prolonged heat exposure during transit. Standard truck or container transport is suitable. Handle gently to preserve bag integrity and prevent contamination before processing. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid® L 25 nat PA12 film grade in its original, tightly sealed packaging in a cool, dry area. Protect from moisture, direct sunlight, and heat sources. Ideal storage temperature is below 30°C. Under proper conditions, shelf life is approximately two years. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years when stored unopened, dry, and protected from heat, moisture, and UV light. |
In sterile barrier systems for Class II and Class III medical devices, EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 nat PA12 film grade is specified as a thin over-lidding or forming layer where ethylene oxide sterilization compatibility, controlled seal initiation, and resistance to hygroscopic ripple are decisive. The resin is predried in a desiccant dryer at 80°C for 4–6 h to a residual moisture below 0.1%; moisture above that threshold causes viscosity number drift during extrusion at 235–255°C and promotes gel specks in the natural cast film. Conversion on a single-screw extruder with L/D 30 and a barrier screw uses a temperature profile of 220–240°C at the feed, 240–250°C at the metering zone, and 245–255°C at the die, with polished chill rolls held at 20–35°C to limit spherulite growth and preserve thermoforming elongation. A typical pouch construction places the PA12 as a 20–30 µm outer skin coextruded through a feedblock with a 4–6 µm maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene tie layer and a 40–60 µm metallocene LLDPE sealant web. Seal strength is measured according to ASTM F88/F88M-21 after sealing at 165–185°C with jaw dwell times of 0.8–1.2 s; because the saturated water uptake of PA12 is approximately 1.5% under ISO 62:2008 immersion at 23°C, and conditioned moisture at 50% RH is lower still, seal-force retention at 85% RH is less variable than in PA6 barrier structures of equivalent gauge. Ethylene oxide sterilization at 55°C and 70% RH for 4 h requires a 40°C reel-stock preconditioning step to avoid differential hygroscopic expansion between the PA12 skin and polyethylene sealant, which otherwise appears as post-sterilization rippling. Biological evaluation is conducted under ISO 10993-1:2018; resin-level cytotoxicity data under ISO 10993-5:2009 may support the file, but device manufacturers are responsible for final patient-contact risk. Terminal products include header bags, lidding films, and formed cavity packages for orthopedic implants, cardiovascular catheters, and electrosurgical handpieces.
Frozen food packaging uses Grilamid L 25 nat as a thin PA12 abuse layer in coextruded blown film where the final pouch must survive repeated flexing at extended freezer temperatures without pinhole formation. A seven-layer construction with PA12 skins of 15–25 µm, tie resins of 4–6 µm, a central EVOH oxygen barrier of 5–8 µm, and an LLDPE seal layer of 40–50 µm is blown on lines with a die gap of 1.4–1.8 mm, a blow-up ratio of 2.0–2.4, and a melt temperature of 230–245°C. Frost line height is set to yield PA12 crystallinity of 22–27% when measured by ISO 11357-3:2018; over-quenching to crystallinity above 30% improves oxygen barrier but reduces flexural fatigue resistance. Film flex-crack performance is assessed by ASTM F392/F392M-21 at -40°C using a Gelbo flex tester, with the pinhole threshold defined by the food manufacturer on a lot-specific basis because chill roll surface finish, slip-agent loading, and seal-layer gauge shift the cycle count to failure. The saturated water uptake of PA12 remains near 1.5% under ISO 62:2008 immersion, while the low conditioned moisture at freezer temperatures minimizes ice crystallization in the polyamide phase that would otherwise embrittle the skin. Food-contact compliance is addressed under EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 with fatty food simulant D2 and under FDA 21 CFR 177.1500; migration limits for laurolactam oligomers into non-polar simulants must be verified on the final laminate rather than on the raw resin. Because the natural grade contains no antiblock, cast film producers add 0.05–0.15% silica masterbatch to prevent reel blocking, a step that must be balanced against optical clarity and flex-crack severity. Terminal products include IQF vegetable pillow pouches, frozen seafood vacuum packs, and modified-atmosphere lidding for frozen meat primals.
Seam sealing tapes and textile reinforcement webs are manufactured by extruding Grilamid L 25 nat through a slot die at 230–250°C and casting the melt onto a chilled polished release liner at 20–35°C; the resulting web is slit into widths of 8–20 mm at thicknesses from 30 µm for lightweight hardshell garments to 80 µm for footwear toe caps and heel counters. Melt volume-flow rate, checked by ISO 1133-1:2022 at 275°C/5 kg, is used as an incoming lot-control parameter because a viscosity drift at the slot die increases coat weight variation and creates thick edges that fail slitting. The slit web is activated on a flatbed press at 150–170°C and 2–4 bar for 12–20 s, then cooled under pressure below 60°C to set a bond line of 20–40 µm. Peel adhesion of the bonded laminate is measured according to ISO 2411:2017; repeated wash durability is evaluated with ISO 6330:2012 at 40°C using ECE reference detergent A, with the number of acceptable cycles determined by the garment brand. The lower saturated water uptake of PA12 relative to PA6 reduces the rate of amide hydrolysis in humid service, but fabric finish chemistry remains the controlling variable; corona treatment at 2–4 kW/m²/min is normally required for low-surface-energy polyester shell fabrics before lamination. The natural PA12 web is incompatible with heavily plasticized PVC and with certain silicone-coated textiles, where plasticizer or siloxane migration into the bond line produces cohesive failure of the web at temperatures below the expected seam tape service limit. Terminal products include seam sealing tape for waterproof-breathable outerwear, bonded hem and pocket reinforcement films for performance apparel, and internal counter stiffeners for leather footwear.
Automotive interior vacuum lamination uses EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 nat film as a thermoformable decorative carrier or low-weight skin over polypropylene door panel substrates. The film is cast or blown at 150–300 µm, then embossed with the OEM grain pattern; forming on a membrane press is performed with a film surface temperature of 150–170°C. Below 150°C, grain transfer is incomplete and the film springs back from deep draw areas; above 175°C, the natural film begins to tack against the press membrane, causing grain washout and transfer defects. After forming, the part is cooled under vacuum below 80°C before demolding to stabilize the embossed pattern. The saturated water uptake of PA12 at approximately 1.5% under ISO 62:2008 immersion limits hygroscopic expansion in high-humidity vehicle cabins, but complete panel assemblies are tested under 23°C/50% RH to 85% RH environmental cycling according to the OEM durability specification. Emissions performance is quantified by VDA 278 for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds and by ISO 6452 or DIN 75201 fogging; natural PA12 has low amide monomer volatility, but pigmented or recycled content may require an activated carbon masterbatch at 0.25–0.50% to meet cabin air limits. Long-term heat ageing is conducted at 90–120°C for 500–1000 h under ISO 188:2011 to evaluate antioxidant depletion; UV-stabilized masterbatch at 1–3% is added when the laminate is used above the beltline. Terminal products include door panel skins, seat back covers, and small-area instrument panel inserts.
In glass-fibre-reinforced PA12 sheet production, Grilamid L 25 nat film is interleaved with dry glass fibre mats on a double belt press to produce stampable thermoplastic blanks. The film is extruded at 200–230°C and corona treated to a surface energy of 42–48 mN/m before winding; the glass mats are supplied at 600–1200 g/m² and interleaved in alternating layers to reach the target fibre volume fraction of 35–45%. Consolidation is performed at 190–210°C under 0.5–1.2 MPa belt pressure for 3–6 min, followed by cooling below 80°C while pressure is maintained to limit interlaminar voids. The lower melt viscosity of the film grade aids wet-out of the glass bundle, but it also produces resin flash at the belt edges, requiring edge trimming and controlled granulation of process scrap. PTFE-coated glass fabric or polyimide release liners are used to prevent PA12 transfer to steel belts; release film surface defects transfer directly into the consolidated sheet as gloss differences and thickness variation. Void content is assessed by microscopy according to ISO 7822:2000; structural sheet specifications often require void volume below 2%, but this value must be qualified for the specific glass sizing and belt speed because published data for this exact PA12 film configuration is limited. Silane sizings optimized for epoxy or unsaturated polyester can reduce PA12 wet-out, so pilot-scale interlaminar shear testing is required before production scale-up. Terminal products include stampable blanks for non-structural automotive panels, battery tray stiffeners, and underbody shield inserts.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 25 nat is a natural-colour, unreinforced polyamide 12 (PA12) film-extrusion grade manufactured from laurolactam. The product is supplied as pelleted granulate without colourants or processing-aid masterbatch. Typical published data for the natural grade include density near 1.01 g/cm³ (ISO 1183-1), melting temperature near 178 °C (ISO 11357-3), and viscosity number approximating 190 mL/g (ISO 307). Equilibrium moisture uptake at 23 °C/50 % RH is approximately 0.7%, and water-saturated uptake is approximately 1.5% (ISO 62). These values distinguish PA12 from PA6 and PA66, whose equilibrium moisture uptake is typically above 2.5% and saturated uptake can exceed 9%.
Tensile properties reported for dry film specimens under ISO 527-3 include tensile modulus of approximately 1,400 MPa, yield stress of approximately 40 MPa, and nominal strain at break above 50%. After conditioning at 23 °C/50 % RH, tensile modulus is approximately 1,100 MPa and yield stress approximates 35 MPa. The natural base resin contains no slip or antiblock additive, meaning surface friction and blocking must be managed by converter-added masterbatch; published data for specific coefficient-of-friction values without masterbatch loading are limited. This additive-free design, combined with medium viscosity, makes the grade suitable for cast film, blown film, and subsequent thermoforming when dry conditions are maintained.
Primary usage includes monolayer and multilayer flexible packaging, pharmaceutical sachets, medical device overwrap, and food-contact films. In these uses, L 25 nat is specified because of low density, low equilibrium moisture uptake, retention of flexibility at low temperatures, and processability on standard polyamide extrusion equipment. Compliance of the granulate with food-contact resin requirements is based on FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 and EU Regulation 10/2011; finished film compliance must be verified because laminating adhesives, printing inks, and slip/antiblock concentrates contribute additional migratory species.
The L 25 viscosity class positions the material between low-viscosity injection-moulding grades and high-viscosity tubular grades. In blown-film operations, the resulting melt strength supports stable bubble formation at blow-up ratios from 2:1 to 3:1. In cast-film operations, the same viscosity characteristic reduces draw resonance at line speeds up to 120 m/min for films in the 20 µm to 80 µm gauge range, though the exact speed limit depends on die gap, chill-roll temperature, and melt temperature. Compared with PA6/66 copolyamide films, L 25 nat displays lower water absorption, lower density, and a lower flexural modulus after conditioning. The practical consequence is reduced web-width change during humidity swings in printing or lamination; for example, PA12 films exposed to a shift from 35 % RH to 65 % RH typically show less than half the linear dimensional change of PA6 films at equal thickness, but specific values must be measured on the finished web because draw ratio and heat-setting history dominate dimensional stability.
Another differentiation from general-purpose PA12 is additive cleanliness: some PA12 grades contain heat stabilisers, lubricants, or anti-blocking silica. L 25 nat is supplied without these post-reactor modifiers, providing a clean resin for converters who require direct food-contact compliance and low extractive profiles. The trade-off is that the base resin blocks more readily on rewind and may require anti-block masterbatch for high-speed packaging lines; selection of the masterbatch then transfers regulatory responsibility to the converter.
Processing of L 25 nat on single-screw extruders with L/D 30:1 and general-purpose polyolefin or polyamide screws uses barrel temperatures from 220 °C in the feed section to 240 °C in the metering section, with die temperature at 240–250 °C. Melt temperature should be maintained between 230 °C and 250 °C. Operation above 260 °C accelerates thermo-oxidative degradation, visible as yellowing and reduced film ductility; operation below 220 °C produces high melt viscosity, increased screw torque, and incomplete melting, often causing surface defects described as unplasticised gel-like domains. The resin must be pre-dried in dehumidified air or vacuum dryers to a residual moisture below 0.10%, preferably 0.08%, before melt processing. A dehumidified-air dryer at 80 °C with a dew point below -20 °C typically reaches this target in 4–6 h for virgin pellets. Hopper residence times longer than 8 h at 80 °C are not recommended because oxidative discoloration can develop even under dry-air conditions.
Regrind from edge trim and start-up film may be introduced up to 20% by weight, provided the reclaimed stream is dry and free of printed or adhesive-coated film. Regrind with printing inks may reduce film impact strength and introduce non-compliance risk in food-contact structures. On production lines, film-thickness variation and bubble instability often correlate with residual moisture above 0.12%, melt residence time above 10 min, or excessive regrind addition. A chilled cast roll temperature of 15–40 °C is typical for cast film to control crystallinity and curl; lower temperatures increase optical clarity but may create condensation on the roll, and higher temperatures reduce blocking but lower productivity. These parameters should be confirmed on the specific line because published supplier data for all gauge ranges is limited.
| Property | Test method | Value, dry | Value, conditioned |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01 g/cm³ | — |
| Melting temperature | ISO 11357-3 | 178 °C | — |
| Viscosity number | ISO 307 | 190 mL/g | — |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-3 | 1,400 MPa | 1,100 MPa |
| Yield stress | ISO 527-3 | 40 MPa | 35 MPa |
| Nominal strain at break | ISO 527-3 | >50% | >50% |
| Equilibrium moisture uptake | ISO 62 | 0.7% | — |
| Saturated water uptake | ISO 62 | 1.5% | — |
The glass transition temperature of dry PA12 is approximately 40 °C (ISO 11357-2); after moisture conditioning it depresses to near 0 °C due to plasticisation. This allows the film to retain flexibility in cold environments, but the exact glass transition temperature depends on thermal history and drawing. Batch-to-batch variation in viscosity number should be monitored by the converter because a shift of 5 mL/g can alter extruder backpressure and bubble stability in blown-film operations.
Film made from L 25 nat can be considered for pharmaceutical overwrap and medical device pouch applications only when the finished structure is validated under ISO 11607 for sterile barrier performance. Steam sterilization at 121 °C for 30 min raises crystallinity and can embrittle film if seal geometry is sharp; post-sterilization peel and burst tests under ISO 11607-2 are required. Ethylene oxide sterilization exerts less thermal stress but demands aeration studies to verify residual gas limits. Gamma and electron-beam irradiation can produce chain scission in PA12; if used, tensile property retention should be measured at the target dose, typically 25 kGy to 40 kGy, because published data for L 25 nat under all sterilisation doses is limited. For food-contact sachets, the base resin is usually supported by supplier declarations under FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 and EU Regulation 10/2011, but these declarations do not cover converter-added masterbatches, inks, or tie layers. A compliance matrix for the finished film should assign simulants and migration limits for the intended food type; overall migration into simulant A, B, or D2 must be below 10 mg/dm² for food-contact packaging under EU Regulation 10/2011, but the actual value depends on the entire film structure.
In multi-layer structures, L 25 nat often serves as the sealant or outer layer. The absence of high amide-group density gives lower moisture absorption than PA6, but PA12 is not an oxygen barrier; high-barrier structures require EVOH or aluminium foil as the core layer. When compared with PA6 sealant layers, L 25 nat provides lower minimum sealing temperature and improved cold-chain puncture resistance; however, seal-strength data must be generated on the packaging machine because seal-bar geometry, dwell time, and film gauge shift the optimum sealing envelope.
| Domain | Standard or legislation | Condition/requirement |
|---|---|---|
| Food-contact resin | FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 | Nylon homopolymer; finished article must meet end-use extraction limits |
| EU food-contact plastic | EU Regulation 10/2011 | Overall migration limit 10 mg/dm²; specific migration limits apply to additives |
| Chemical regulation | REACH | Supplier SDS confirms registration; downstream article obligations may apply |
| Hazardous substances | RoHS 2011/65/EU | Unfilled natural PA12 generally compliant, but lead and phthalate additions must be checked |
| Sterile barrier packaging | ISO 11607-2 | Seal strength, integrity, and microbial barrier after sterilisation |
| Tensile testing of film | ISO 527-3 | Based on film thickness and conditioning atmosphere |
On blown-film lines, die gap, frost-line height, and bubble cooling must be set to avoid blocking; because L 25 nat contains no antiblock, production trials on a specific line are necessary to establish the additive masterbatch concentration required for a given coefficient of friction. Processing aids based on primary amides are often used at 500 ppm to 1,000 ppm to reduce slip; their addition must be confirmed against food-contact and sterile-barrier requirements. If moisture analysis by Karl Fischer titration indicates residual moisture above 0.10%, extrusion should not proceed because hydrolytic chain scission will reduce viscosity and film tear strength.
