| HS Code | 294193 |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Modulus | 1400 MPa |
| Yield Stress | 35 MPa |
| Yield Strain | 13% |
| Nominal Strain At Break | >50% |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength 23 C | 14 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Unnotched Impact Strength 23 C | No break |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 80 Mpa | 55 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 135 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B 50 | 155 °C |
| Water Absorption Saturation At 50 Rh | 0.7% |
| Water Absorption Saturation In Water | 1.5% |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 Nylon 12, Conditioned factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Available in 25 kg sealed multi-walled paper bags, moisture-protected, conditioned pellets of EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 Nylon 12. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading: Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 Nylon 12, conditioned, packed on pallets, secured airtight, fully optimized within container. |
| Shipping | Ship EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 Nylon 12 (Conditioned) as non-hazardous polymer pellets. Pack in sealed moisture-barrier bags or drums, protected from humidity and contamination. Transport in clean, dry, covered vehicles at ambient temperatures. Avoid excessive heat, direct sunlight, and rough handling. Standard ground or ocean freight is suitable with proper labeling. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 Nylon 12 (Conditioned) in its original, sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Keep away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture, as the material is hygroscopic. Reseal promptly after use to preserve conditioned properties. Follow manufacturer guidelines and first-in, first-out rotation for shelf-life management. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years when stored sealed, cool, and dry; avoid moisture and direct sunlight. |
In coiled air brake systems where sustained working pressure remains below 12.5 bar and transient cold-start cycles reach -40°C, Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 is compounded as the base polyamide 12 fraction at 97.0–98.5 wt% with 0.5–1.0 wt% carbon black masterbatch and 1.0–2.0 wt% hindered amine light stabilizer/heat stabilizer package, corresponding to SAE J844 Type A and DIN 73378 tubing categories. The conditioned designation in the supplied natural 6112 lot reflects equilibrium moisture uptake under ISO 1110 at 23°C/50% RH, typically 0.6–0.8 wt% total water content by ISO 62:2008; however, melt processing requires a drying step at 80°C for 4–8 h in a desiccant dryer with inlet air dew point below -30°C until residual moisture reads <0.10 wt%. Production-scale extrusion is run on a single-screw extruder with L/D 24:1–30:1, grooved feed throat, three-zone compression screw with Maddock mixing section, and screen pack 60/80/60 mesh; barrel zone temperatures progress from 220°C to 245°C, while die melt temperature is held at 240–250°C and melt pressure upstream of the breaker plate is maintained between 10 MPa and 15 MPa. The tube enters a vacuum calibration tank at closed-loop water temperature 20–40°C, with die draw-down ratio limited to 1.1:1–1.4:1 to prevent residual hoop stress; for 6 mm OD × 1 mm wall tubing, line speed is typically 30–60 m/min. Batch-to-batch deviation in carbon black dispersion is detectable on the production line as surface roughness at the calibration sleeve when line speed exceeds 55 m/min; this is corrected by increasing screen pack density or lowering masterbatch concentration within the stated range. Finished product types include coiled air brake lines for tractor-trailer combinations, straight tube assemblies, and spiral guard rewind tube.
Failure to remove residual moisture before extrusion manifests as steam hydrolysis at melt temperature; the extrudate develops micro-splay and the tube loses notched impact strength relative to dry-as-molded values, with the deficit increasing with residence time. The vacuum calibration tank also records diameter drift when moisture exceeds 0.10 wt% because the steam pressure at the die exit modulates melt draw-down. Operators therefore perform a Karl Fischer check per ISO 15512:2019 on every silo discharge before startup. After cutting, tubing is conditioned at 23°C/50% RH for 24–48 h; absorbed water at 0.5–0.7 wt% plasticizes the amorphous phase and restores ductility at -40°C. Dimensional growth from moisture uptake is approximately 0.1–0.2% on diameter, which must be accounted for in cutting length. SAE J844 verification includes burst pressure at room temperature and at 60°C, boiling water resistance, oil compatibility after immersion in ASTM IRM 903 oil, and low-temperature impact; reported values refer to the as-received conditioned state unless otherwise noted.
SAE J2260-compliant low-permeation fuel vapor lines using Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 in the outer protective layer are formulated at 93–96 wt% base PA12, 2–4 wt% maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin tie concentrate, and 1–3 wt% UV-stabilized color or conductive carbon black masterbatch; when an inner conductive layer is required for static dissipation, its blend shifts to 90–95 wt% PA12 with 5–10 wt% conductive carbon black to keep surface resistivity below 10⁶ Ω according to IEC 61340 test methods. The coextrusion process must reconcile the PA12 die temperature requirement of 235–245°C with the EVOH barrier layer limitation that degradation accelerates above 230°C; this is managed with individual layer temperature control, low-shear die geometry, and total residence time below 5 min from hopper to die exit. Each layer is metered by a melt pump to maintain interfacial flow stability at shear rates of 100–500 s⁻¹; a five-layer die is used, and a typical 8 mm OD × 1 mm wall construction distributes thickness as 0.25–0.35 mm outer PA12, 0.08–0.15 mm EVOH, 0.05–0.10 mm tie layers, and 0.30–0.45 mm inner PA12. Interfacial instability appears as wavy internal layer distortion and reduces burst performance below the SAE J2260 minimum for the line size; cold impact testing at -40°C is performed on finished tube according to SAE J2260 procedures. General fuel and evaporative hose dimensional categories may also reference SAE J30. Terminal finished product types include gasoline vapor vent lines, evaporative emission conduits for passenger vehicles, and diesel return line covers.
Adhesion failure in coextruded layers is a batch-to-batch experience factor. If tie concentrate dispersion is poor, intermittent delamination appears only after fuel immersion at 60°C for 500 h, not at line startup; therefore layer adhesion is checked on spiral-cut strip samples after thermal cycling between -40°C and 60°C according to SAE J2260 or OEM layer adhesion methods. The addition of 2–4 wt% tie concentrate is effective only when the melt pump is adjusted to keep layer shear rates within 100–500 s⁻¹; lower shear promotes wall slip at the interface, while higher shear can induce localized EVOH melt fracture. Vacuum calibration follows the die, and post-extrusion length cutting is performed after the tube passes an online diameter gauge.
Rail transit cable jackets based on Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 are formulated at 88–92 wt% PA12, 5–7 wt% PA12-compatible plasticizer, 1–3 wt% halogen-free flame retardant synergist, and 1–2 wt% antioxidant/processing stabilizer; the compound is qualified against EN 50264-1 for rolling stock cables and EN 45545-2 hazard levels R22/R23, with North American projects referencing NFPA 130 materials performance. The plasticizer band is the primary process conflict: below 5 wt% the jacket becomes notch-sensitive under torsional strain encountered in continuous-flex tracks, while above 7 wt% plasticizer migration into conductor insulation may occur after 1,000 h at 85°C. Jacketing is performed on a crosshead extruder with pressure tooling at melt temperature 230–240°C; the conductor is preheated to 120–150°C immediately before die entry, and the water trough temperature is held at 40–60°C to limit axial shrinkage below 2.0% after 24 h. Continuous-flex life is assessed through OEM-specific bending and torsion protocols rather than a single ISO norm; however, dimensional stability and insulation integrity are verified per EN 50264-1 and ISO 6722-1:2022 where applicable. Published data for this specific flame-retardant compound configuration is limited, so final cable constructions require full article-level testing. Terminal product types include rail rolling stock jumper cables, continuous-flex energy chain sheathing, and industrial robot interconnect jackets.
For pneumatic control circuits that are repeatedly spooled and exposed to oil mist, Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 is compounded at 98.0–99.0 wt% base resin with 0.5–1.0 wt% internal processing lubricant and 0.5–1.0 wt% copper-complex antioxidant; the resulting tube is specified under ISO 5774:2016 for thermoplastic compressed air hoses, with burst pressure and length stability verified at 23°C and 60°C. Production uses a small-diameter extruder fitted with an annular die and a hollow mandrel that introduces 0.05–0.15 bar internal air pressure to stabilize bore roundness during quenching in a 20–25°C water bath. For 6 mm ID × 1 mm wall spiral coil tube, line speed is 12–25 m/min; post-extrusion thermal annealing at 80°C for 2 h under light tension reduces coil set and improves recoil memory without degrading burst strength. Terminal finished product types include workshop spiral recoil hose, pneumatic control line, and blow-gun extension tube.
Monofilament made from Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 is melt-spun without additional polymeric modifiers when the desired filament diameter is above 0.20 mm. The formulation is 100 wt% base resin; colored bristle stock incorporates 1–2 wt% masterbatch, while spinning lubricant is kept below 0.1 wt% to avoid die lip deposit. Compliance for food processing brush applications references 21 CFR 177.1500 for nylon resins and EU 10/2011 overall migration testing on the finished article; industrial filter mesh is qualified against customer-specific extractables protocols. The production sequence uses a single-screw extruder feeding a spin pump and a spinneret with hole diameter 0.5–1.2 mm; melt temperature is 235–245°C, quench water is 35–45°C, and first-stage draw ratio is 3.2:1–4.0:1. A second annealing stage at 120–140°C under 5–15% residual tension raises cold draw recovery; boiling water shrinkage is measured by ASTM D2259-16 and is controlled below 2.0%. Terminal product types include filter mesh monofilament, abrasive brush bristle stock, and zipper coil monofilament.
API 17J and API 17B govern unbonded flexible pipe and flexible riser qualification; PA12 pressure sheaths are extruded over internal armor when the service temperature remains below 60°C and methanol permeation is controlled. The pressure sheath formulation uses 95–97 wt% Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 with 3–5 wt% carbon black masterbatch for long-term thermal oxidative resistance; plasticizer-free formulations are preferred to avoid extraction of low molecular weight species in crude oil and gas condensate service. Extrusion is performed with a high-output single-screw extruder at L/D 30:1, a melt pump, and a spiral mandrel die; melt temperature is 235–245°C, and wall thickness from 5 mm to 15 mm is controlled by laser diameter gauge. Residual stress is the critical processing variable: internal air cooling at 0.5–1.0 K/min through the crystallization window between 160°C and 120°C is used to minimize stress cracking in methanol-rich service. Carbon black masterbatch dispersion is checked by pressure filter test at 25 MPa with 200 mesh screen; undispersed agglomerates above 100 μm are rejected. Published data for Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 in this specific configuration is limited; full-scale API 17J qualification testing is required instead of analog data transfer. Terminal product types include unbonded flexible riser pressure sheaths, flowline inner liners, and dynamic jumper liners.
| Application scenario | Primary compliance standard | Formulation band for Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 | Critical processing limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coiled air brake tubing | SAE J844 / DIN 73378 | 97.0–98.5 wt% | Residual moisture <0.10 wt% |
| Low-permeation fuel vapor lines | SAE J2260 / SAE J30 | 93–96 wt% outer cover | EVOH layer residence time <5 min |
| Rail transit continuous-flex jacket | EN 50264-1 / EN 45545-2 | 88–92 wt% | Plasticizer migration above 7 wt% |
| Pneumatic spiral coil tube | ISO 5774:2016 | 98.0–99.0 wt% | Internal air pressure 0.05–0.15 bar |
| Technical monofilament | 21 CFR 177.1500 / EU 10/2011 | 100 wt% | Draw ratio ≤4.0:1 |
| Offshore pressure sheath | API 17J / API 17B | 95–97 wt% | Cooling rate 0.5–1.0 K/min |
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EMS-GRIVORY Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 is an unreinforced, natural-colour polyamide 12 (Nylon 12) resin intended for injection moulding and profile extrusion. The backbone chemistry carries one amide group per twelve carbon atoms, which lowers equilibrium moisture uptake relative to PA6 and PA66. When measured according to ISO 62 at 23°C and 50% relative humidity, the grade absorbs about 0.7% water, whereas PA6 and PA66 absorb approximately 2.8% and 2.5%, respectively. Dry density is approximately 1.01 g/cm³ under ISO 1183-1. The designation “nat” identifies the natural, unpigmented form; “6112” is the production or order code. The term “conditioned” refers to property reporting after moisture equilibration, not to a chemically modified resin. Conditioning in this context follows ISO 291 or the accelerated ISO 1110 method. The absorbed moisture plasticizes the amorphous phase, lowering stiffness and increasing ductility compared with the dry state.
Under ISO 527-1/-2 at 23°C, conditioned Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 typically shows a tensile modulus near 1100 MPa, compared with roughly 1400 MPa for the dry state. Yield stress decreases from approximately 40 MPa dry to 35 MPa conditioned, while elongation at break remains above 50% in both states. Notched Charpy impact at 23°C under ISO 179/1eA is generally 9–12 kJ/m², with the higher value associated with conditioned material. The stiffness reduction is reversible by drying; it does not represent hydrolytic chain scission. Designers specifying snap-fits, press-fit collars, or spring elements should therefore use the conditioned modulus for parts operating in ambient humidity, and the dry modulus for parts stored in low-humidity winter air or desiccator environments. The exact values for lot 6112 are reported in the certificate of analysis.
| Property | Test standard | Dry | Conditioned |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01 g/cm³ | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Equilibrium moisture uptake at 23°C/50% RH | ISO 62 | — | 0.7% |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 1400 MPa | 1100 MPa |
| Yield stress | ISO 527-1/-2 | 40 MPa | 35 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | >50% | >50% |
| Charpy notched impact at 23°C | ISO 179/1eA | 9 kJ/m² | 12 kJ/m² |
The moisture shift is significant because the methylene sequences in PA12 reduce the number of hydrogen-bonding amide sites. In dry material, those sites stiffen the amorphous phase; after 0.7% water uptake, water molecules disrupt inter-chain hydrogen bonding and increase molecular mobility. The effect is smaller than in PA6 or PA66, but it must still be included in finite-element material models. Using a single dry tensile modulus without moisture correction may overestimate stiffness by up to 20% in conditioned service.
Direct substitution of PA6 or PA66 with Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 is typically driven by water absorption differentials. At 23°C/50% RH, PA6 absorbs about 2.8% water and PA66 about 2.5%, whereas PA12 absorbs approximately 0.7%. At saturation, PA6 can exceed 9% and PA66 8.5%, while PA12 remains near 1.4%. The practical result is lower dimensional change, a smaller depression of stiffness, and less reduction in heat distortion in humid service. In fuel-vapour tubing, pneumatic lines, cable sheathing, and industrial clips, PA12 is selected because the lower moisture uptake also reduces the shift in service length and the risk of hydrolysis-induced embrittlement. The trade-off is lower dry tensile strength and modulus than unreinforced PA6 or PA66; PA12 is therefore not a direct strength substitute without section redesign. It is preferentially chosen where toughness, chemical resistance, or dimensional stability dominate.
The time for a 4 mm tensile specimen to reach equilibrium moisture at 23°C/50% RH can extend over several weeks because the water diffusion coefficient of PA12 is lower than that of PA6. Accelerated conditioning under ISO 1110 uses 70°C saturated air followed by storage at 23°C/50% RH. This slow equilibration means that freshly moulded parts tested immediately are close to the dry state, even when the granules were labelled as conditioned. For incoming quality control, the producer’s certificate of analysis for moisture content and viscosity number under ISO 307 is relevant; for moulded parts, conditioning time must be added before dimensional inspection.
| Polymer | Equilibrium moisture | Dry tensile modulus | Conditioned tensile modulus | Dry density |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PA12 | 0.7% | 1400 MPa | 1100 MPa | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| PA6 | 2.8% | 2900 MPa | 1400 MPa | 1.14 g/cm³ |
| PA66 | 2.5% | 3000 MPa | 1600 MPa | 1.14 g/cm³ |
The values are representative industrial data for unreinforced general-purpose grades; actual EMS-GRIVORY certificate values take precedence.
Conditioned PA12 retains a relatively ductile response below 0°C because the polymer remains above its major brittle-ductile transition in many low-speed loading conditions. The dry glass-transition temperature is broadly in the range of 40–60°C; absorbed water depresses this transition. Notched Charpy values at −30°C are lower than at 23°C, and the exact value depends on notch preparation, moisture content, and moulded-in orientation. For snap-fits that must be assembled in cold ambient conditions, moulded-in stress should be reduced by generous radii, uniform wall thickness, and gate placement in the thickest section. The natural grade contains no UV stabilizer or carbon black, so outdoor components require a separate stabilizer masterbatch or pigmentation package; any addition must be validated against ISO 4892-2 or ISO 4892-3 for the intended exposure.
The melting temperature of PA12 measured by ISO 11357-3 is approximately 178°C. Crystallization occurs over a broad cooling curve, which contributes to lower mould shrinkage and lower warpage than fast-crystallizing polyamides. At a mould temperature of 80°C, the degree of crystallinity is higher; at 40°C, the quenched surface layer contains more amorphous material. This gradient can produce asymmetric shrinkage in parts with highly variable wall thickness. For tight-tolerance components, post-mould annealing at 80°C for 1–2 h or conditioning at 23°C/50% RH for 24–48 h is used to stabilize dimensions before measurement.
Before melt processing, conditioned Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 is dried to a residual moisture content below 0.1%. Desiccant drying at 80°C for 4–8 h with a dew point of −40°C or lower is standard. Hopper residence above 80°C should be kept as short as possible to avoid thermal-oxidative discoloration; a maximum of 24 h is used in many production cells. The melt temperature window is 220–250°C. Mould temperatures of 40–80°C are typical, but temperatures at the upper end of 80–90°C are used when higher crystallinity, lower post-mould shrinkage, and better chemical resistance are needed. Lower mould temperatures shorten cycle time but produce quenched-in amorphous structure, which may increase post-mould shrinkage and reduce tensile modulus.
For pneumatic tubing and cable sheathing, the resin is run on single-screw extruders with a grooved feed section and an L/D of at least 30:1. Barrel temperatures typically rise from 190°C in the feed zone to 230°C in the metering zone, with the die head held at 220–240°C. Vacuum calibration tanks with water at 5–15°C provide rapid solidification. Residual moisture above 0.15% in the melt produces microvoids and longitudinal surface roughness, and batch-to-batch moisture variation can appear as outer-diameter fluctuation even when haul-off speed is constant. In injection moulding, a gate thickness of 50–70% of the wall thickness and placement in the thickest section help prevent premature freeze-off. Hydraulic injection pressures of 50–90 MPa and holding pressures of 30–60 MPa are typical, but actual settings depend on flow length, wall thickness, and gate area. Hot-runner nozzle settings of 230–250°C are common; tips above 270°C should be avoided because prolonged residence at the tip can create gel-like degradation particles.
Under ISO 1133-1:2022 at 235°C with 2.16 kg, the melt volume-flow rate places Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 in the medium-viscosity class for polyamide 12. The shear-thinning behaviour is typical of linear polyamide melts: apparent viscosity falls by orders of magnitude between 10² s⁻¹ and 10⁴ s⁻¹. In filling simulations, the exact lot-specific viscosity curves should be measured by capillary rheometry at 220°C, 235°C, and 250°C rather than assuming a generic PA12 model. In production, a melt temperature of 235°C often balances flow length and stringing. The melt should not be held above 260°C for more than a few minutes, and shot size should not exceed 70% of barrel capacity if residence-time control is critical.
PA12 is selected for automotive and industrial fluid contact because its methylene sequences reduce the polar interaction with water and many polar solvents. Swell in Fuel C under ISO 1817 is media- and temperature-dependent; no single value should be used across all fuels. PA12 also offers good resistance to diesel, motor oil, many aliphatic solvents, zinc chloride solutions, and road salts. Compared with polyolefins, it has higher strength and better barrier; compared with PA6, it has lower water uptake and better stress-crack resistance in calcium chloride environments. Strong acids, phenolic solvents, and certain chlorinated solvents can attack the amide group; continuous immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid or boiling water should not be specified without component testing. For fuel-vapour lines, PA12 is often combined with a barrier polymer in multilayer constructions because single-layer PA12 may not satisfy all permeation limits under SAE J2260 or DIN 73378.
Automotive fluid-contact evaluations for this grade family typically include ISO 1817 volume swell, DIN 73378 or SAE J2260 for fuel-line constructions, and component-level burst testing. The grade alone does not confer a finished-system permeability or burst rating. Food-contact declarations for natural Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 may be available under EU Regulation (10/2011) and relevant FDA 21 CFR sections, but the final article must meet overall migration and specific migration limits under actual processing and end-use conditions. Electrical and electronic applications are assessed against RoHS 2011/65/EU and REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006; the processor must obtain the current safety data sheet and confirm the 6112 lot. Incoming quality checks should include ISO 307 viscosity number, ISO 3451-1 ash, and ISO 15512 water content to detect off-spec batches before drying.
Within the Grilamid L family, melt viscosity is the main differentiator. Lower-viscosity PA12 grades fill thin-walled, long-flow injection moulds more easily but may have reduced melt strength in free-extrusion or blow-moulding operations. Higher-viscosity PA12 grades improve tube collapse resistance and melt-curtain stability but require higher barrel temperatures and can generate excessive shear heating. Grilamid L 25 nat 6112 is positioned in the medium-viscosity range, allowing use in both technical injection-moulded parts and small-diameter profile extrusion. For structural components requiring higher stiffness, glass-fibre-reinforced Grilamid grades or 30% glass-fibre PA66 are common alternatives; those materials increase density, raise water uptake, and change mould shrinkage. Transparent components require amorphous Grilamid TR grades, whereas the natural PA12 6112 solidifies to a translucent white appearance.
For low-speed gears, cams, and sliding clips, unreinforced PA12 is generally quieter than PA66 or POM, but its load rating and wear resistance are lower. Component-level tests with the actual mating surface, temperature, and lubrication condition are mandatory; no general coefficient of friction should be assumed from resin data. Moisture conditioning lowers surface hardness, so wear performance in humid service may differ from dry-laboratory screening.
The suffix 6112 is not a colourant or plasticizer package; it is the order-code suffix used by EMS-GRIVORY for lot and specification control. Purchasers should include the complete designation on drawings and purchase orders because other natural PA12 grades within the same family may carry different viscosity or stabilization packages. The resin is supplied as natural granules that appear translucent white after solidification; no titanium dioxide or carbon black is included.
For extruded pneumatic tubing, dimensional tolerance of ±0.05 mm is maintained only when melt temperature, haul-off speed, internal air pressure, and cooling-water temperature are controlled within narrow limits. Because conditioned PA12 has a lower modulus than dry PA12, a tube that is cut and clamped immediately after extrusion may relax differently after moisture uptake. Burst-pressure validation should therefore be performed after conditioning the finished tube at 23°C/50% RH for at least 48 h, using hydrostatic methods such as ISO 1167-1 or the appropriate product standard. Published data for this specific 6112 lot under burst-pressure loading is limited, so lot-specific hydrostatic qualification is required before series release.
