| HS Code | 357190 |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption 24 H At 23 C | 0.15% |
| Water Absorption Saturation At 23 C | 1.5% |
| Tensile Strength At Yield | 55 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | >200% |
| Tensile Modulus | 1.7 GPa |
| Flexural Modulus | 1.4 GPa |
| Izod Impact Notched 23 C | 11 kJ/m² |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 155 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 130 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 8 Mpa | 50 °C |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20A Z Nylon 12, Dry factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20A Z Nylon 12, Dry is supplied as pellets in 25 kg polyethylene-lined paper bags. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20' FCL loading of EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20A Z Nylon 12, dry, in sealed bags to protect hygroscopic pellets from moisture. |
| Shipping | Ship EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20A Z Nylon 12 as dry, moisture-protected resin. Seal in original packaging with desiccant; avoid moisture exposure. Transport via standard freight, ground or air, in dry containers. Not classified as hazardous. Keep away from humidity and direct sunlight during transit. |
| Storage | Store in the original sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture. Keep the container tightly closed when not in use to prevent water absorption, which can affect processing. Avoid exposure to oxidizing materials and maintain moderate temperatures to preserve product integrity. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is indefinite when stored sealed, dry, and cool; avoid moisture absorption to maintain properties. |
Production of coiled semirigid compressed-air brake tubing from Grilamid L 20 A Z begins with desiccant drying at 80°C for 4–6 h to a residual moisture ceiling of ≤0.03%, because free-water outgassing during barrel residence creates surface pitting on tube walls at take-off velocities above 40 m/min. The compounding formula for UV-stable black tubing typically incorporates 2.0–2.5 wt% carbon black masterbatch and 0.3–0.5 wt% hindered phenolic/phosphite process stabiliser, while total additive loading is held below 3.0 wt% to preserve notched impact at arctic service temperatures. Melt processing on a single-screw extruder with L/D 30:1 barrier screw, screen pack 60/80/60 mesh, and vacuum-calibrated water tanks maintains a melt temperature band of 230–245°C; die land length is held at 10–12× die gap to reduce die swell and stabilise outside diameter within ±0.05 mm. The finished tube is tested under SAE J844, DIN 73378, and ISO 7628-1 for burst pressure retention, low-temperature flexibility, and heated-oil ageing, and is cut into coil assemblies of 6–16 mm outside diameter with push-to-connect end fittings for truck and trailer air-service lines.
In multi-lumen catheter shaft production, Grilamid L 20 A Z is processed as a neat resin or with 10–20 wt% barium sulfate masterbatch when radiopacity is required, and an internal processing aid at 0.2–0.5 wt% is added only when lumen eccentricity exceeds 0.03 mm at take-off speeds above 50 m/min. The material is pre-dried to ≤0.03% moisture in a desiccant dryer at 80°C before entering a 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder, and melt temperature is held at 230–250°C with a breaker-plate pressure limit of 200–300 bar to avoid stagnation at the multi-lumen mandrel tip. Extrusion tooling employs a spiral crosshead die with four to six lumen mandrels, closed-loop laser diameter monitoring, and water quenching at 15–25°C, because PA12 crystallisation from the melt surface inward controls roundness. Unlike polyether block amide, Grilamid L 20 A Z can generate higher die swell and lower melt elasticity, requiring shorter land lengths and narrower spiral channels. Batch-to-batch viscosity number is controlled via ISO 307 because viscosity-number drift above 5 cm³/g alters die swell and causes lumen ovality. Qualification under ISO 10993-1:2018 includes lot-specific biological evaluation; terminal products are endoscope working channels, irrigation catheters, and multi-lumen shaft stock.
| Standard designation | Test method | Application data |
|---|---|---|
| ISO 10993-1:2018 | Biological evaluation planning | Device categorisation |
| ISO 10993-5:2009 | MEM elution cytotoxicity | Cell viability assessment |
| ISO 10993-10:2010 | Skin irritation and sensitisation | Irritation index |
| ISO 10993-18:2020 | Chemical characterisation | Extractable profile |
Extrusion of PA12 loose tube buffers for outdoor fibre optic cables uses Grilamid L 20 A Z because saturated water absorption of ~1.5% and retained impact at -40°C support cyclic conditioning under IEC 60794-1-22. The tube formulation contains 0.1–0.3 wt% nucleating agent to reduce post-extrusion crystallisation shrinkage, 0.3–0.5 wt% antioxidant for hot-wet ageing resistance, and 2–4 wt% UV-stabilised black masterbatch for outdoor exposure. A single-screw extruder with vacuum venting and gear pump control is used to maintain wall thickness at 0.6–1.2 mm and concentricity within ±0.05 mm, followed by hot-water cooling at 40–60°C and thixotropic gel filling under IEC 60794-3-10 construction guidelines. Melt-pressure stability below 150 bar prevents tube diameter oscillation on production-scale loose tube lines. Published data for this specific EMS grade in gel-filled optical applications is limited, but processing trials confirm that nucleant dispersion directly affects post-extrusion shrinkage and fibre attenuation. Terminal product types include outdoor loose tube fibre optic buffer tubes for duct and aerial cables.
Low-permeation fuel vapor return lines for gasoline and flexible-fuel vehicles position Grilamid L 20 A Z in five-layer coextrusion structures, where it serves as the chemical-resistant outer layer adjacent to the engine-bay environment and as a stabilised inner layer where fuel contact occurs. The outer layer formulation uses 0.5–1.0 wt% heat-stabiliser masterbatch with 0.2 wt% copper iodide-based long-term ageing additive; the inner conductive layer carries 8–15 wt% carbon black to give surface resistivity below 10⁶ Ω/sq, while a central EVOH barrier layer of 50–100 µm reduces permeation to meet CARB LEV III and SAE J2260 evaporative emission limits. Coextrusion is conducted with layer melt-temperature separation of no more than 20°C to prevent interlayer viscosity mismatch, vacuum sizing to control wall thickness within ±0.1 mm, and post-extrusion annealing at 100–120°C for 30–60 s to lock in dimensional stability. Terminal product types are fuel tank vent lines, filler vapour return tubes, and quick-connector fuel line assemblies for light-duty vehicles.
For compressed-air distribution systems operating at 8–10 bar, push-to-connect fitting manufacturers injection mould Grilamid L 20 A Z with tight gate geometry control because the grade solidifies quickly at thin wall sections and cannot be rescued by glass-fibre reinforcement. The formulation uses 0.5–1.0 wt% heat-stabiliser masterbatch and 0.2–0.4 wt% synthetic lubricant, with no additional release agent that could contaminate thread sealing surfaces. Barrel temperatures are set at 230–250°C, the mould is held at 50–70°C, and clamp force is calculated at 0.4–0.6 kN/cm² of projected area; gates are dimensioned at 0.5× minimum wall thickness and placed in thick boss areas to maintain packing pressure for 3–5 s. Compliance verification includes ISO 14743 for push-in connectors and ISO 228-1 for thread form, with leakage and burst tests performed on production batches. Terminal product types are PA12 push-in connectors, flow control valves, and threaded adapters for industrial compressed-air circuits.
Injection moulding of snowboard binding ladder straps, toe cups, and buckle levers from Grilamid L 20 A Z is performed after desiccant drying at 80°C to ≤0.03% moisture, using melt temperatures of 230–250°C and cold mould temperatures of 40–60°C to maximise crystallinity without frozen layer delamination. The formulation contains 2.0–3.0 wt% UV-stabilised colour masterbatch and no external plasticiser; published data for this specific EMS grade in recreational binding components is limited, but Charpy notched impact per ISO 179-1/1eA at -30°C, tensile modulus per ISO 527-2, and Shore hardness per ISO 868 provide lot-release criteria. Flow length-to-wall-thickness ratio is held below 150:1, and gate freeze time is monitored through cavity pressure to maintain packing before the runner system closes. Terminal product types include snowboard binding ladder straps, toe-cup ratchet inserts, and cold-weather buckle levers.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20A Z is an unreinforced polyamide 12 (PA12) grade supplied in dry-as-moulded pellet form. The “Dry” descriptor in the product designation records that mechanical and rheological values are reported on specimens tested in the dry-as-moulded state rather than after conditioning at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity. Polyamide 12 contains fewer amide linkages per aliphatic chain length than PA6 or PA66; this structural feature limits moisture absorption, lowers density, and shifts the ductile-to-brittle transition to lower temperatures. The grade is therefore specified for snap-fit connectors, clips, cable sheathing, pneumatic tubing, and fuel-vapour components that must resist aliphatic hydrocarbons and dimensional drift in humid environments. Representative dry-state density is 1.01 g/cm³ according to ISO 1183-1, and the melting endotherm peak occurs at 176–179 °C according to ISO 11357-3. Delivery moisture content is normally below 0.10 % when measured by ISO 15512, but opened packaging exposed to high plant humidity requires controlled drying before melt processing. Within the Grilamid L portfolio, the 20A Z designation places the product in the lower-viscosity injection-moulding segment, where thin-wall fill and long flow-path capability are more important than high melt strength for profile or tube extrusion.
At 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity, equilibrium moisture uptake for PA12 typically falls between 0.8 % and 0.9 % under ISO 62. PA6 reaches 2.5–3.0 % and PA66 2.0–2.5 % under identical exposure. The lower water sorption arises from reduced hydrogen-bonding density along the polymer backbone and permits closer dimensional control after moulding. A PA12 part that adsorbs 0.9 % moisture may exhibit linear dimensional change below 0.3 %, whereas a PA6 part can expand by more than 1.0 % when conditioned to saturation. Because absorbed water acts as a plasticizer, dry tensile modulus falls less for PA12 than for PA6 or PA66; conditioned PA12 retains a modulus above 900 MPa per ISO 527-1/-2, while conditioned PA6 may lose more than half its dry-state stiffness. This behaviour reduces post-assembly clearance drift in press-fit and snap-fit systems and stabilizes insertion force in electrical connectors. For components exposed to intermittent condensation, PA12 also exhibits lower moisture-caused loss of glass transition, limiting creep at room temperature. The same amide-spacing chemistry lowers density by roughly 11 % compared with PA66 at equal part volume, a relevant factor in vehicle lightweighting programmes.
For design calculations, the dry-as-moulded values should not be treated as permanent service properties. Thin-wall parts may reach equilibrium moisture content within 100–300 h at 23 °C/50 % RH, depending on wall thickness and airflow. The dimensional change is anisotropic and is superimposed on mould shrinkage. Tolerance stacks for press-fits, bearing journals, and snap-arm deflection should therefore use conditioned-modulus data and the expected maximum moisture uptake for the installation environment. This is particularly important when PA12 replaces PA66 in a housing originally dimensioned for higher conditioned modulus; the lower modulus may increase deflection and reduce retention force unless the section thickness or snap angle is adjusted.
Dry-as-moulded mechanical data for this unreinforced grade place tensile modulus in the range of 1000–1400 MPa, tensile yield stress at 35–45 MPa, and nominal strain at break above 50 % under ISO 527-1/-2. Flexural modulus is typically 900–1200 MPa under ISO 178, and Shore D hardness is commonly 68–72 under ISO 868. Charpy notched impact strength according to ISO 179/1eA is typically 6–9 kJ/m² at 23 °C and remains 4–6 kJ/m² at -30 °C; this low-temperature ductility is superior to many dry PA66 grades and is a primary difference in material selection for cold-climate transport components. The thermal-mechanical ceiling is lower than that of reinforced PA66. Heat deflection temperature under 0.45 MPa loading per ISO 75-2 typically ranges from 90 °C to 120 °C, while filled PA66 compounds can exceed 200 °C. Processing shrinkage is typically 0.7–1.2 % in the flow direction and 0.8–1.3 % transverse when measured on 2 mm plaques per ISO 294-4. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; current supplier lot certificates should be consulted for guaranteed minimum or maximum values.
| Property | Standard | Typical dry-as-moulded value |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Water absorption at 23 °C/50 % RH | ISO 62 | 0.8–0.9 % |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 1000–1400 MPa |
| Tensile yield stress | ISO 527-1/-2 | 35–45 MPa |
| Nominal strain at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | >50 % |
| Charpy notched impact, 23 °C | ISO 179/1eA | 6–9 kJ/m² |
| Charpy notched impact, -30 °C | ISO 179/1eA | 4–6 kJ/m² |
| Melting peak, 10 K/min | ISO 11357-3 | 176–179 °C |
Because PA12 pellets reabsorb moisture quickly at high plant humidity, sealed packaging integrity is important. Once a container is opened at ambient relative humidity above 60 %, surface moisture has been observed on desiccant-dryer inlet sensors within 4–6 h, producing splay and occasional screw slip. Drying should be performed in a desiccant dryer with a dew point of -30 °C to -40 °C, using a drying temperature of 80 °C and residence time of 4–8 h. Dryer airflow should be sized at approximately 1.0–1.5 m³/h per kg/h polymer throughput. Hopper residence above 10 h at 80 °C is not recommended because additive discolouration and viscosity drift can occur. If regrind is added, the fraction should be limited because PA12 regrind has higher moisture surface area and can destabilize feeding at levels above 30 % when drying is marginal.
Injection moulding melt temperature is typically 220–270 °C for thin-wall parts; temperatures above 280 °C risk polymer degradation and yellowing. Mould surface temperature should be held between 40 °C and 80 °C to balance crystallization, shrinkage, and impact strength. Low melt viscosity requires a shut-off nozzle and close clearances to prevent drooling. On electric injection moulding machines with clamp force from 600 kN to 2500 kN, the lower injection pressure demand relative to PA66 can permit thinner walls and longer flow lengths. Back pressure should remain low, in the region of 0.3–1.0 MPa specific pressure, to avoid shear heating and molecular weight reduction. Screw designs with 18:1–22:1 L/D ratios and compression ratios of 2.5:1–3:1 are common; high-shear mixing sections are unnecessary for this unreinforced grade and can create excessive heat. Venting should be adequate for low-viscosity PA12 because flash can occur at vent depths above 0.02 mm. Packing pressure should be sufficient to compensate for relatively high volumetric shrinkage while avoiding overpacking near the gate; PA12’s low melt viscosity often allows a shorter packing ramp than PA66, but gate freeze time should be verified by part-weight studies.
PA12 substitution for PA66 is technically justified when service temperature remains below 100 °C, mechanical loads are moderate, and the component benefits from reduced moisture uptake and lower density. At -30 °C, dry PA12 retains notched Charpy impact of 4–6 kJ/m² under ISO 179/1eA, while dry PA66 can drop below 4 kJ/m² and fail in a brittle regime at lower impact speeds. The trade-off is stiffness: dry PA66 unreinforced tensile modulus is about 2800–3300 MPa per ISO 527-1/-2, roughly twice that of PA12. Structural brackets, gear carriers, and high-clamp-load fasteners therefore continue to favour PA66 or glass-reinforced PA12. Compared with PA11, PA12 has a density advantage of approximately 0.02 g/cm³ and a melting point roughly 10–13 °C lower, making extrusion and injection moulding possible at slightly lower melt temperature. PA11 may be selected where bio-based content is a requirement. Compared with PA612, PA12 offers lower density and better sub-zero toughness; PA612 has higher stiffness and lower moisture uptake at comparable relative humidity. PPA grades provide higher heat resistance but require mould temperatures above 100 °C, higher processing temperatures, and more aggressive drying, which may be incompatible with existing PA12 tooling and hot-runner settings.
The chemical-resistance profile of PA12 is another differentiator. PA66 is highly susceptible to zinc chloride stress cracking in automotive underbody environments, while PA12 shows superior resistance to chloride-induced cracking. PA12 also retains better mechanical integrity after exposure to diesel, motor oil, and grease, although aromatic and oxygenated fuel blends influence permeation and swell. In multi-layer fuel lines, PA12 is therefore used as a flexible, impact-resistant layer while other barrier polymers control low permeation. Electrical connectors moulded from PA12 benefit from lower moisture-related dielectric drift than PA6 or PA66; however, comparative tracking index and surface resistivity should be re-evaluated for each additive and colour package rather than assumed for the base resin.
Grilamid L 20A Z finds use in compressed-air brake tubing, where PA12 compounds are qualified to DIN 74324 for burst pressure, cold impact, and resistance to compressor oil. In fuel-line quick connectors and vapour tubes, PA12 serves as a flexible layer in multi-layer constructions evaluated under SAE J2260 and ISO 15760 for hydrocarbon permeation. Cable sheathing and corrugated conduit use the grade’s low-temperature bend radius and abrasion resistance. Chemical resistance is broad against aliphatic hydrocarbons, diesel fuel, greases, and weak alkalis, but concentrated mineral acids, oxidizing media, phenols, and high-pressure steam above 120 °C are outside the material’s reliable service envelope. Environmental stress cracking can occur in stressed parts exposed to glycol ethers or concentrated alcohols, and qualification should include ISO 22088 constant-strain testing. For outdoor use, natural PA12 requires UV stabilization and should be validated through artificial weathering under ISO 4892-2 at prescribed irradiance and black-standard temperature. Regulatory status for RoHS, REACH, and food-contact applications must be confirmed through a supplier declaration because material-specific additives and colourants influence the final compliance package.
