| HS Code | 902354 |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Tensile Modulus Conditioned | 600 MPa |
| Tensile Strength Conditioned | 45 MPa |
| Elongation At Break Conditioned | 200 % |
| Flexural Modulus Conditioned | 600 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched 23 C Conditioned | 20 kJ/m² |
| Shore D Hardness | 60 |
| Water Absorption At Saturation | 1.5 % |
| Vicat Softening Point B50 | 130 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 110 °C |
| Mold Shrinkage | 1.2 % |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 W 20 Nylon 12, Conditioned factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Grilamid L 20 W 20 Nylon 12, conditioned, is supplied as pellets in 25 kg moisture-proof sealed bags. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loading of conditioned Grilamid L 20 W 20 Nylon 12: palletized, secured, moisture-protected packaging ready for safe transport. |
| Shipping | This nylon 12 grade is shipped as conditioned pellets in sealed moisture-resistant bags or drums to preserve low moisture content. Store dry, away from heat and direct sunlight. Transport in standard, covered vehicles. Not classified as dangerous goods, but avoid dust and pack securely to prevent bag damage during transit. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid L 20 W 20 Nylon 12 in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Keep away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and oxidizing agents. Protect from moisture absorption; after opening, reseal promptly. Maintain ambient, consistent temperatures to preserve conditioned properties. Follow manufacturer’s shelf-life and handling guidelines. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life for this conditioned nylon 12 is typically 2 years when stored dry, cool, and protected from UV light in original unopened packaging. |
Commercial-vehicle pneumatic circuits produced from conditioned Grilamid L 20 W 20 begin with pellet drying at 80 °C in a closed-loop desiccant dryer to a residual moisture level below 0.10 %; higher residual moisture during single-screw extrusion leads to viscosity instability in the 20 % plasticized PA12 melt and pinholes on the inner tube surface. The tube is extruded on a single-screw extruder with L/D ratio between 30:1 and 36:1, using a barrier screw and mixing head, with the feed zone set at 210 °C, the compression zone at 230 °C, and the adapter and die at 235 °C to 245 °C; melt temperature measured by an immersion probe is held between 225 °C and 235 °C. A two-stage vacuum calibration tank at −0.4 bar and −0.8 bar fixes the outside diameter after the die, while an ultrasonic wall-thickness gauge records eccentricity; eccentricity above 0.08 mm is rejected because it creates a longitudinal split origin during hydrostatic burst testing. The extruder screw feed throat is cooled to 8 °C to 12 °C to prevent premature melting of the plasticized pellets and feed blockage; barrel temperature deviations above ±3 °C across zones produce surging that appears as periodic outside diameter variation along the coil. The extruded coil is conditioned in a controlled room at 23 °C and 50 % RH according to ISO 291 until mass equilibrium; this shifts the failure mode of the tube at −40 °C from brittle fragmentation to ductile inflation. The finished product is assembled as air brake tubing in truck and trailer circuits between the foot valve, relay valve, brake chambers, and trailer gladhands; it is also used as a protective line for suspension levelling valves and axle load sensors. The part must satisfy dimensional stability under DIN 73378, hydrostatic burst under ISO 7628, and the tubing requirements referenced by SAE J844.
| Standard | Test condition | Monitored endpoint | Production failure mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 7628 | 23 °C, 50 % RH | hydrostatic burst pressure | longitudinal slit at thinnest wall |
| SAE J844 | 23 °C to 85 °C | pressure retention after flexing | pin-hole leakage at fitting ovalisation |
| DIN 73378 | −40 °C | cold impact bend | brittle fragment ejection |
| ISO 175 | immersion in diesel oil | dimensional change and burst loss | plasticizer extraction and wall softening |
After 1,000 h at 100 °C, the burst pressure of a conditioned PA12 air-brake tube can be limited more by plasticizer migration and surface oxidation than by base-polymer hydrolysis; unpublished production line teardowns often find a stiff, discoloured outer skin around a ductile core. For this reason, the tube is not specified for continuous service above 100 °C unless shielded from radiant heat and protected by a heat-stabilized black outer layer. The equilibrium moisture at 23 °C and 50 % RH is typically 0.7 % to 1.0 % by mass when measured by ISO 62; this moisture plasticizes the amorphous phase and reduces the tensile modulus by roughly 30 % to 50 % relative to dry values, so burst pressure calculations should use the conditioned hoop stress rather than dry datasheet values. The hoop stress for a thin-walled tube is calculated as σh = P × D / (2t), where P is internal pressure, D is mean diameter, and t is minimum wall thickness; a wall-thickness standard deviation above 0.03 mm across a coil has been observed to create first-failure localization in the thinnest section. The failure sequence in hydrostatic burst of a conditioned tube is inflation, local whitening, then ductile splitting, while a dry tube at −40 °C may shatter before visible inflation; this is captured by cold impact bend testing under DIN 73378. Published data for this specific grade and exact wall combination is limited, so the burst pressure after thermal ageing is confirmed by sample testing on each extruder line rather than extrapolated solely from raw material tensile data.
Corrugated cable protection conduit made from conditioned Grilamid L 20 W 20 is extruded through a corrugator with vacuum slots and a gear pump; the melt temperature is kept at 220 °C to 230 °C to reduce plasticizer volatilization. If the melt remains above 240 °C for more than 10 min during a production halt, condensed plasticizer deposits on the corrugator vacuum blocks and produces periodic gloss variation and surface pitting on the convolution crest. The vacuum applied to the corrugator blocks is set between −0.2 bar and −0.5 bar depending on conduit outside diameter; insufficient vacuum fails to hold the melt into the convolution profile, while excessive vacuum thickens the outer crown and starves the inner wall. The conditioned conduit is installed in railway bogies and engine bay harnesses as a mechanical barrier, not as electrical insulation; it must be assessed to EN 45545-2 for fire safety when used in rolling stock, and the base PA12 contributes no halogen acid gas during combustion but may still require a flame-retardant masterbatch depending on wall thickness and hazard level. The moisture uptake at 50 % RH reduces flexural modulus from the dry state, allowing the conduit to be coiled on reels with a diameter of 3 to 5 times outside diameter without kinking; below this radius, tensile stress on the outer convolution exceeds the yield point and creates a permanent pinch in the internal bore. Dimensional checks are performed after conditioning because the conditioned outer diameter is slightly larger than the dry extrusion diameter.
Pneumatic automation circuit components made from conditioned Grilamid L 20 W 20 are fixed into push-in fittings with union nuts and sealing collets; the outside diameter tolerance is held within ±0.05 mm because the moisture expansion after leaving the dry extrusion line can add 0.1 % to 0.3 % to the diameter. This dimensional drift is smaller than with PA6 tubing because the equilibrium moisture content of PA12 at 50 % RH is roughly half that of PA6; the result is a more stable fitting engagement force over the service period. The tube is produced on a single-screw extruder with a spiral mandrel die and a vacuum sizing tank; the inner surface roughness is controlled to Ra 0.4 µm to reduce pressure drop in long automation runs. Typical working pressures for 10 mm OD and 8 mm ID tubing are 10 bar at 23 °C and derated to 6 bar at 60 °C; validation includes pull-out and leakage tests under ISO 14743 and chemical compatibility after exposure to compressor oil aerosols according to ISO 175. The line operator samples the conditioned tube at the start, middle, and end of every production reel because moisture uptake and wall-thickness drift can shift the push-in fitting insertion force across long extrusion runs.
For injection-moulded cable clips, grommets, and snap-fitted connectors used outdoors, the conditioned state of Grilamid L 20 W 20 is the relevant design datum because wet as-moulded parts lose stiffness but gain impact resistance. The melt is injected at 230 °C to 250 °C into a mould held at 40 °C to 60 °C; mould temperatures above 80 °C can promote plasticizer migration to the cavity surface and leave a deposit on ejector pins after prolonged production. Injection pressure is set between 800 bar and 1,200 bar, with holding pressure transition based on a screw cushion of 3 mm to 5 mm; larger cushions increase residence time and can accelerate plasticizer loss. Parts are stored in moisture-barrier bags immediately after ejection and then conditioned at 23 °C and 50 % RH until mass equilibrium; the snap engagement force can be 15 % to 25 % lower than the dry-as-moulded value because the tensile modulus shifts from roughly 1,000 MPa to 600 MPa. Designers therefore calculate insertion and retention forces using the conditioned modulus from ISO 527-1/-2 data, not the dry room value. A gate diameter below 0.8 mm combined with high injection speed creates jetting and a visible V-notch near the gate; this notch becomes the low-temperature crack origin during cold assembly at −40 °C. The part is also evaluated by ISO 179-1/1eA for Charpy notched impact and ISO 178 for flexural modulus after conditioning.
| Test standard | Dry condition | Conditioned response | Design consequence |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 527-1/-2 | higher tensile modulus | modulus lower by 30 % to 50 % | insertion force decreases |
| ISO 179-1/1eA | lower notched impact energy | no break at 23 °C | cold assembly without pre-warming |
| ISO 62 | moisture below 0.20 % | equilibrium 0.7 % to 1.0 % | part datum shifts after packaging |
Producing semi-rigid monofilament from conditioned Grilamid L 20 W 20 for braided protective sleeving requires a lower draw ratio than fibre-grade PA12 because the plasticizer limits molecular orientation and reduces dry tensile strength. The melt is extruded through spinneret holes of 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm diameter, quenched in water at 20 °C, and drawn in two stages at ratios between 2.5:1 and 4.0:1; higher draw ratios cause filament fibrillation and a rough surface that abrades adjacent conductors during braiding. The draw oven temperatures are held between 60 °C and 90 °C; lower temperatures increase breakage frequency, while higher temperatures reduce orientation and produce yarn with excessive residual shrinkage. The resulting monofilament is woven into expandable braided sleeving for mechanical protection of hydraulic hose bundles and robotics cable chains, where the braid must resist mineral-oil uptake and cold flexing at −40 °C. Tensile properties of the braid are assessed by ISO 13934-1, and fluid compatibility by ISO 175 after immersion in representative mineral oil; published data for this exact monofilament configuration is limited, so braid qualification commonly includes cyclic flexing on a harness test rig rather than raw material extrapolation alone.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 W 20 Nylon 12, Conditioned is a plasticizer-modified polyamide 12 grade supplied within the Grilamid L series. The L-series designation identifies a semi-crystalline polyamide 12 base polymer, while the W-modification denotes a selected plasticizer package that reduces hardness and flexural modulus relative to unplasticized nylon 12 grades such as Grilamid L 20. In technical datasheets, the conditioned state refers to specimens equilibrated according to ISO 1110 accelerated conditioning at 70 °C and 62 % relative humidity. This procedure approximates the equilibrium moisture uptake of the material under standard laboratory exposure. After conditioning, the polymer matrix typically contains 0.6 % to 0.8 % water by mass at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity, and approaches 1.5 % at saturation when measured to ISO 62. These values are significantly lower than the 8 % to 10 % saturation moisture uptake values commonly reported for PA6 and PA66, which explains the dimensional stability and mechanical-property retention of PA12 in humid service environments. The material is specified for injection molding and extrusion applications requiring low density, resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons, and sub-zero ductility.
Compared with unplasticized Grilamid L 20, the W-modified grade exhibits lower tensile modulus and hardness without requiring moisture uptake. Dry-as-molded tensile modulus for plasticized PA12 in this viscosity class is typically in the range of 450 MPa to 600 MPa when tested to ISO 527-1/-2; after ISO 1110 conditioning, tensile modulus commonly falls to 180 MPa to 260 MPa. Yield stress follows a parallel trend from approximately 13 MPa to 15 MPa dry to 9 MPa to 11 MPa conditioned. Nominal strain at break remains above 50 % in both dry and conditioned states when measured on ISO 3167 type 1A injection-moulded specimens. The key trade-off is loss of stiffness and long-term creep resistance relative to unplasticized nylon 12, which typically maintains dry tensile modulus near 1400 MPa to 1600 MPa. The benefit is retention of ductility at low temperature: plasticized PA12 can retain notched Charpy impact energy sufficient to avoid brittle fracture at −30 °C when tested to ISO 179-1/1eA, whereas unplasticized semi-crystalline polyamides may show a more pronounced ductile-to-brittle transition at sub-zero temperatures. Shore D hardness measured to ISO 868 is approximately 55 to 65 dry and decreases by 5 to 10 units after conditioning.
Because PA12 has a relatively low amide-group density, moisture uptake kinetics in the conditioned state are slower than those of PA6 or PA66. Conditioning to equilibrium at 70 °C and 62 % relative humidity typically requires 10 to 14 days for 3 mm thick specimens, whereas a 2 mm tensile bar may reach a plateau within 7 days. The moisture gradient through the cross-section is not linear; the outer shell plasticizes first, while the core retains dry-modulus behaviour, producing non-uniform mechanical response in thick sections. For parts with wall sections above 4 mm, design calculations should account for a moisture gradient rather than a single homogeneous conditioned property set. Creep compliance is also higher in the plasticized grade, especially above 60 °C. Creep modulus measured to ISO 899-1 after 1000 h at 23 °C is typically less than half the short-term tensile modulus. Load-bearing design therefore requires the time-dependent creep modulus rather than the short-term secant modulus from ISO 527-1/-2.
Representative values for dry-as-molded and conditioned Grilamid L 20 W 20 are summarised in Table 1. The values are typical lot averages, not specification limits, and are generated on ISO 3167 type 1A specimens unless otherwise indicated.
| Property | Standard | Dry-as-molded | Conditioned |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01 g/cm³ | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 450–600 MPa | 180–260 MPa |
| Yield stress | ISO 527-1/-2 | 13–15 MPa | 9–11 MPa |
| Nominal strain at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | >50 % | >50 % |
| Charpy notched impact strength at 23 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 10–15 kJ/m² | no break |
| Melting temperature | ISO 11357-3 | 175–180 °C | 175–180 °C |
| Water absorption at saturation | ISO 62 | 1.5 % | — |
On production-scale single-screw extruders with 30:1 to 33:1 L/D and barrier screws, Grilamid L 20 W 20 is processed at barrel settings from 200 °C in the feed zone to 230 °C at the die, with melt temperature held below 260 °C to limit thermal degradation. The W-modified grade has lower melt viscosity than unplasticized PA12 of equivalent melting point; therefore, at constant screw speed, melt pressure is reduced and the calibration and haul-off settings must be adjusted to prevent wall-thickness variation in tubing. Screw speed reductions of 10 % to 15 % relative to unplasticized PA12 are commonly required on 60 mm single-screw machines. Pre-drying at 80 °C until residual moisture is below 0.10 % by ISO 15512 is required for both injection molding and extrusion. Hydrolytic degradation accelerates when moisture exceeds 0.15 % at melt temperature, producing viscosity loss, silver streaking, and loss of notched impact in molded parts. Mold temperature for injection molding is normally held between 40 °C and 80 °C; higher mold temperatures reduce frozen-in orientation but extend cycle time. The plasticizer component can contribute to die-lip plate-out and mould deposit if the melt is held above 250 °C for more than 20 min. Thermal stabilizers in the compound delay oxidation but do not eliminate residence-time sensitivity.
On twin-screw compounding lines, reprocessing regrind above 30 % can accumulate heat history and reduce melt stability. Regrind content is therefore usually limited to 20 % to 30 % depending on retained viscosity measured to ISO 307. Post-mould shrinkage is relatively low: linear mould shrinkage is typically 0.8 % to 1.2 % by ISO 294-4, and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion is in the range of 120 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ to 140 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹. These values support dimensionally stable parts when the lower moisture uptake of PA12 is considered alongside the plasticiser-modified mechanical response.
In automotive fuel-vapor lines and medium-pressure pneumatic tubing, Grilamid L 20 W 20 is specified because PA12 resists aliphatic hydrocarbons and zinc chloride road salt, while the W-modification permits tight-radius routing without stress whitening. Extrusion tooling with a draw-down ratio between 1.5:1 and 2.5:1 and a calibration sleeve at 20 °C to 40 °C is typically used. In cable jacketing, the lower Shore D hardness reduces cable bending force in cold environments; automotive chassis cable conduits are frequently tested at −40 °C for low-temperature impact resistance. For injection-molded snap-fit clips, the conditioned state is the relevant design case because absorbed moisture lowers yield stress to the 9 MPa to 11 MPa range and increases local deformation capacity before fracture. The material is also used in protective spirals, quick connectors, and pneumatic service units where repeated flexing and hydrocarbon exposure are present. Under cyclic flexural loading, PA12 tubing exhibits good resistance to flex fatigue, but the W-modification reduces stress amplitude tolerance at elevated temperature. Published S-N data for this specific grade is limited, so component validation should include actual flexural fatigue testing on extruded tube to ASTM D7774 or customer-specific protocols.
PA12 is selected over PA66 in applications where zinc chloride exposure from road de-icing salts or continuous contact with aliphatic fuels is expected. PA66 under external or residual tensile stress can crack rapidly in concentrated zinc chloride solution; PA12 is substantially less sensitive because its lower amide-group density reduces solvent-induced plasticization and stress cracking. In methanol or ethanol-blended fuels, however, all polyamides show some degree of swelling and modulus loss, and the W-modified PA12 may lose additional stiffness because alcohol-water mixtures can solvate or extract low-molecular-weight plasticizer fractions at elevated temperature. For diesel exhaust fluid lines, urea resistance at 80 °C is generally acceptable for PA12, but batch-specific compliance to ISO 22241-2 must be confirmed when the component contacts the fluid continuously. Published data for this specific configuration in high-pressure hydrogen service is limited, so permeation testing under ISO 11114-2 or EN ISO 17268 is required before use. The material should not be specified for strong-acid service, phenol contact, or concentrated formic acid at elevated temperature, as these media degrade the polyamide backbone.
Table 2 provides a cross-polymer comparison between plasticized PA12, PA66, and PA6 for properties relevant to humid or sub-zero service. The values are typical literature values, not grade-specific limits.
| Property | Standard | Plasticized PA12 | PA66 | PA6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water absorption at saturation | ISO 62 | 1.5 % | 8.5 % | 9.5 % |
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01 g/cm³ | 1.14 g/cm³ | 1.13 g/cm³ |
| Melting temperature | ISO 11357-3 | 175 °C | 260 °C | 220 °C |
| Tensile modulus dry | ISO 527-1/-2 | 450–600 MPa | 2900–3200 MPa | 2800–3000 MPa |
Compliance with EU Regulation No 10/2011, FDA 21 CFR 177.1500, REACH, and RoHS is application- and lot-specific. EMS-Grivory supplies product declarations and safety data sheets rather than universal certifications. For food-contact or medical use, the processor must verify migration limits under the applicable food or medical standard and confirm that the selected plasticizer system is included in the positive list. No statement in this document replaces the current EMS-Grivory technical data sheet or the grade-specific certification package for a production lot.
