| HS Code | 431181 |
| Density | 1.03 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Modulus | 1300 MPa |
| Tensile Stress At Yield | 43 MPa |
| Elongation At Yield | 20 % |
| Nominal Elongation At Break | >50 % |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength At 23 C | 10 kJ/m² |
| Melting Temperature | 178 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 45 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 80 Mpa | 50 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B50 | 140 °C |
| Water Absorption 24h 23 C | 0.4 % |
| Moulding Shrinkage | 1.3 % |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 W 20 grey 9280 Nylon 12, Dry factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 25 kg net in sealed moisture-protective multilayer bags, labeled for Grilamid L 20 W 20 grey 9280 Nylon 12, dry. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | One 20′ FCL container holds dry EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 W 20 grey 9280 Nylon 12, securely packed, protected from moisture, and properly ventilated. |
| Shipping | Shipping of EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 W 20 grey 9280 Nylon 12, Dry requires moisture-proof packaging, typically sealed bags or drums. Ship as non-hazardous material, but protect from humidity, direct sunlight, and crushing. Store in a cool, dry area and avoid prolonged exposure to air to preserve material integrity. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid L 20 W 20 grey 9280 in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from direct sunlight, heat, and humidity to prevent moisture absorption, which can affect processing and properties. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically at least two years. |
| Shelf Life | Store dry, sealed, and cool. Shelf life is typically two years from manufacture date. Avoid moisture to preserve properties. |
Where compressed-air circuits are routed across high-vibration chassis sections, EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 W 20 grey 9280 is melt-extruded into nominal outside diameters of 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm with wall thickness control aligned to DIN 74324-1 and SAE J844. Pellet moisture is held below 0.10 wt% using a desiccant dryer set at 80 °C and a dew point of −30 °C; internal regrind from edge trim is limited to 15 wt% of the hopper blend because higher fractions have been shown in production trials on a 45 mm 30:1 L/D single-screw line to increase burst pressure scatter at −40 °C. The tube is processed on a 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder equipped with a 3.0:1 compression barrier screw, melt pump and vacuum venting at −0.08 MPa, with barrel set points of 215 °C / 225 °C / 230 °C / 235 °C / 240 °C and a die/adapter at 235 °C. Online ultrasonic wall-thickness scanning rejects eccentricity greater than 0.15 mm; at barrel temperatures above 250 °C thermo-oxidative yellowing appears within 15 min residence time, while below 220 °C melt fracture and insufficient homogenisation produce surface striations on tube walls. Terminal output is coiled air brake tubing cut to 100 m or 500 m coils for truck and trailer OEM assembly; compliance is documented against ISO 7628-2 cold-impact and pressure-impulse clauses, SAE J844, and heavy-metal limits under 2000/53/EC ELV Annex II.
| Compliance check | Standard / method | Production acceptance limit |
|---|---|---|
| Residual moisture in pellets | ISO 15512 Method B | < 0.10 wt% |
| Cold impact at −40 °C | ISO 7628-2 | No cracking in 8 of 8 specimens |
| Pressure impulse at 60 °C | SAE J844 | 1.25× rated working pressure, 106 cycles |
| ELV heavy-metal threshold | 2000/53/EC ELV Annex II | Cd < 100 mg/kg; Pb, Hg, Cr(VI) < 1000 mg/kg |
Prevention of urea crystal deposition in diesel exhaust fluid circuits places specific demands on the liner surface of PA12 tube, not only chemical compatibility with AUS 32. Extrusion of EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 W 20 grey 9280 into 8 mm OD × 1.0 mm wall DEF lines uses the same 30:1 L/D single-screw platform but with a reduced compression ratio of 2.5:1 and a metering zone length of 8D to lower shear heating. Addition ratio: the resin is processed without external plasticizer; up to 20 wt% clean start-up purge of the same grade is admissible when melt pressure variation remains within ±1.0 MPa. Melt temperature is capped at 245 °C because urea contact aging at 60 °C for 1000 h in AUS 32 becomes more aggressive when thermo-oxidatively pre-damaged polymer chains are present. Compliance is referenced to ISO 22241-2 for AUS 32 quality, DIN 73378 for tube dimensions, and REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XVII for restricted substances; tensile and immersion data are generated on ISO 527-2 Type 1A specimens after immersion in AUS 32 at 60 °C. Downstream production includes vacuum calibration with a water-cooled calibrator maintained at 25–35 °C, followed by a 2 m air-quench gap and puller tension of 0.8–1.2 N/mm² of tube cross-section. Amine-based processing auxiliaries are not added because leachate into AUS 32 can affect SCR catalyst performance. Terminal finished goods are cut and terminated DEF supply and return lines with laser-marked ISO 22241-3 traceability codes, shipped to heavy-duty commercial vehicle manufacturers.
Under high-cycle flexing in automated assembly cells, 4 mm and 6 mm OD pneumatic control lines made from PA12 exhibit dimensional recovery after 106 cycles at 6 bar; however, the selection of pre-coloured grey 9280 eliminates post-extrusion ink migration and maintains legibility of laser-marked part numbers. Additive loading: 100 wt% virgin pellets, 0 wt% filler and 0 wt% external plasticizer; process regrind is excluded entirely because gel particle formation from reclaimed sheathing scrap has a higher probability of clogging the 0.2 mm annular gap in compact push-in connector seals. The material is dried to below 0.08 wt% moisture by ISO 15512 Method B using an 85 °C desiccant bed. Extrusion of 4 mm OD × 1.0 mm wall signal tube shifts the vacuum calibrator gap to 2 mm after die exit and the cooling water inlet temperature to 18 °C to suppress ovality during line speeds of 60–80 m/min. On rotary knife cutters, whipping at line speeds above 85 m/min was observed to induce axial scoring; tension control is therefore set at 1.0–1.2 N/mm² of tube cross-sectional area. Compliance at the system level is evaluated under ISO 4414 for pneumatic fluid power safety and under ISO 14743 for push-in fitting performance if specified by the end user; material batch certificates typically report density by ISO 1183-1, tensile modulus by ISO 527-2 Type 1A, and heat-deflection temperature by ISO 75-2 at 1.8 MPa. Terminal product: pneumatic signal lines and control-air conductors for CNC machine tools, automated work cells, and packaging machinery.
Post-extrusion shrinkage in loose tubes is a process variable that cannot be corrected at cable stranding; tube inner diameter must remain stable between 1.8 mm and 2.2 mm for conventional 250 µm coated fibres. EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 W 20 grey 9280 is processed as supplied with 0 wt% glass fibre, 0 wt% mineral filler and 0 wt% external plasticizer; any in-house regrind used in non-optical outer layers is limited to 10 wt% and is not permitted in the loose tube wall because contamination particles create local scattering sites. Pellet moisture is reduced to below 0.10 wt% using an 80 °C desiccant dryer before the resin enters a 45 mm 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder with a 2.8:1 compression barrier screw and vacuum venting at −0.08 MPa. Extrusion set points recorded on a 45 mm line are consolidated in the following table:
| Line zone | Set point | Control limit |
|---|---|---|
| Feed throat | 190–210 °C | Hopper surface < 80 °C |
| Compression zone | 215–230 °C | Melt pressure 80–120 bar |
| Head/die | 230–240 °C | Melt temperature < 250 °C |
| Water bath | 20 °C | Inlet < 25 °C |
Production of 2.0 mm and 3.0 mm OD loose tubes with wall thickness of 0.30–0.45 mm is carried out at melt temperatures of 230–240 °C; the die land length is maintained at 10× the die gap to reduce swell, and vacuum sizing is preferred over pressure sizing to avoid water penetration into the tube. A line-speed band of 150–200 m/min is typical on cable manufacturing lines when outer-diameter tolerance is set at ±0.05 mm. Compliance is referenced to Telcordia GR-20-CORE for optical fibre cable generic requirements and IEC 60794-1-2 for basic optical cable test procedures; low-temperature bend performance is checked at −20 °C and −40 °C using single-mode fibres at 1550 nm with attenuation change below 0.05 dB/km after temperature cycling. Terminal product: buffer tubes for outdoor and indoor fibre optic cables, including stranded loose-tube constructions and central-tube designs.
Replacement of polyoxymethylene in pneumatic quick-connect couplings is not direct; the lower modulus of PA12 shifts collet retention force unless the gate location is moved to the collet ring seat and the release sleeve is thickened by 0.3–0.5 mm. EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 W 20 grey 9280 is dried to below 0.10 wt% moisture at 80 °C and injection-moulded at a melt temperature of 240–250 °C, with a mould temperature of 60–80 °C. Addition ratio: 100 wt% as-received compound for critical collet fingers; up to 30 wt% identical-grade regrind from sprue and cold-runner scrap is admissible for non-load-bearing release sleeves when each regrind batch is sieved through a 2 mm mesh before blending. Production parameters on a 120 t injection-moulding machine with projected-area clamp force of 2.5–3.0 t/cm² include injection pressure of 700–900 bar, holding pressure of 450–600 bar, and cooling time of 15–25 s for 4 mm wall thickness. Compliance is confirmed against ISO 7241-1 for hydraulic quick-action couplings and ISO 14743 for pneumatic push-in connectors; dimensional stability after conditioning at 23 °C and 50% RH is checked according to ISO 291. Terminal product: pneumatic and coolant quick-connect couplings, collet clips, release sleeves, and bayonet lock nuts used in factory automation and mobile machinery. Operational boundary: continuous exposure to coolant above 80 °C is not recommended if collet retention force is part of the safety function.
In reciprocating machine-tool drag chains, cable sheathing produced from PA12 competes with polyurethane in cut-through resistance only when the extrusion crosshead is configured for pressure tooling and the conductor insulation is not preheated above 80 °C. EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 W 20 grey 9280 is processed as 100 wt% virgin compound; raw-material mix excludes regrind for sheath walls below 0.30 mm because even 50 µm gel particles create surface drag during stripping and increase scrap rate on wire stripping machines. Pellet moisture is held below 0.10 wt% using an 85 °C desiccant bed; the melt temperature at the crosshead is capped at 245 °C. Pressure-tooling draw ratio is kept between 1.05:1 and 1.15:1, and line speed of 200–300 m/min is maintained for sheath walls of 0.25–0.50 mm over 0.5–1.0 mm² conductor insulation. Abrasion acceptance is measured according to UL 1581 and, for automotive single-core cables, ISO 6722; material batch certificates report volume resistivity by IEC 60093, tensile stress at yield by ISO 527-2 Type 1A, and water absorption by ISO 62. Published data for this specific configuration is limited when additional flame-retardant masterbatch is added; the base grade alone is not certified to UL 94 V-0. Terminal product: engine-compartment sensor cable jacketing, robot dress-pack sheathing, and abrasion-resistant control cable jackets in textile and packaging equipment.
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The product designated EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 W 20 grey 9280 Nylon 12, Dry is a plasticised polyamide 12 injection-moulding and extrusion grade supplied as grey 9280 pellets with moisture content controlled for dry-as-supplied processing. The base polymer is semicrystalline PA12 according to ISO 1043-1; the L 20 designation identifies the base viscosity class, W 20 the plasticised variant, and grey 9280 the pigment preparation. The dry condition refers to sealed packaging with residual moisture typically not exceeding 0.10% when measured by ISO 15512. This state is intended to suppress splay and hydrolytic surface defects during initial processing. Because nylon 12 absorbs less water than PA6 or PA66, the dry condition does not carry the same severity of hydrolysis risk as in short-chain polyamides, but the low moisture level still alters flow length, crystallisation rate, and impact response relative to a conditioned moulding.
Pre-drying is required when the sealed packaging has been opened beyond the period specified by the supplier or when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%. Typical drying conditions for PA12 compounds are 80 °C for 4–6 h in a dehumidified-air dryer with a dew point of -30 °C or lower. Overdrying at temperatures above 100 °C should be avoided because plasticiser migration and pellet discolouration can occur. Vacuum drying is preferable when extended drying times are unavoidable because the W 20 plasticiser system can release non-aqueous volatiles that interfere with gravimetric moisture analysis.
Melt temperature settings for this plasticised PA12 grade generally lie between 230 °C and 270 °C, with the lower half preferred for thin-walled components and the upper half reserved for short residence times. Mould temperatures between 40 °C and 80 °C control crystallisation. At the lower boundary, moulded parts may exhibit post-mould dimensional drift as crystallisation continues; at the upper boundary, cycle time increases but impact properties improve. A three-zone screw with a length-to-diameter ratio of 20:1–25:1 and a non-return valve suitable for polyolefinic materials provides stable plastication for this grade. Screw speeds above 150 min⁻¹ on small machines are generally unnecessary and may increase shear heating.
| Parameter | Reference value | Condition or standard |
|---|---|---|
| Residual moisture | ≤0.10% | ISO 15512 |
| Drying temperature | 80 °C | Dehumidified air |
| Drying time | 4–6 h | After storage |
| Melt temperature range | 230–270 °C | General processing |
| Mould temperature range | 40–80 °C | Crystallisation control |
| Screw length-to-diameter ratio | 20:1–25:1 | Three-zone screw |
In thin-wall moulding of the grey 9280 pigmented variant, gate freeze-off can occur earlier than in natural L 20 W 20 because the pigment package modifies thermal diffusivity and changes solidification. Tool trials therefore commonly extend hold-pressure time by 10–20% relative to the natural base grade to reduce sink marks and void formation. Published data for the exact pigment-batch interaction is limited; processors should derive hold-pressure profiles from cavity-pressure curves rather than from the natural-grade dataset. Failure modes observed on production-scale equipment include gate blush when the mould temperature falls below 40 °C, surface splay when the moisture limit is exceeded, and part distortion when hot-runner manifolds are held above 280 °C for more than 15 min residence time.
The following table presents published typical values for the L 20 W 20 base grade in dry-as-supplied condition. The grey 9280 pigmented variant may exhibit minor shifts depending on pigment dispersion and lot-specific additive loading.
| Property | Test method | Typical dry value |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.04 g/cm³ |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 450 MPa |
| Yield stress | ISO 527-1/-2 | 24 MPa |
| Nominal strain at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | >50% |
| Charpy notched impact at 23 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 11 kJ/m² |
| Water absorption at 23 °C, 50% RH | ISO 62 | 0.8% |
| Melting temperature | ISO 11357-1/-3 | 175 °C |
Regulatory classification must be confirmed with the supplier’s grade-specific certificate. The base PA12 is designated under ISO 1874-1 and is generally considered halogen-free by backbone composition, but the grey 9280 pigment preparation may contain colorants subject to lot-specific restrictions. Any statement under REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 requires confirmation of SVHC content below 0.1% w/w for the delivered lot. RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU compliance for lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBB and PBDE should be verified against the pigment preparation; the unfilled polyamide matrix does not contain these substances by design. Food-contact suitability is not implied by the dry designation and must be validated under the relevant national or regional regulation for the specific end-use article.
Compared with unplasticised Grilamid L 20 natural, the W 20 variant reduces flexural modulus and hardness while increasing elongation at break and low-temperature impact. This shift makes it suitable for snap-fits, clips, cable-management components, and ergonomic grips where PA6 or PA66 grades would require higher moisture conditioning to avoid brittle failure. The dry-as-supplied state temporarily masks some ductility until the moulded part equilibrates to ambient humidity; design verification should therefore use specimens conditioned to ISO 291 at 23 °C/50% RH rather than dry-only values.
Against Grilamid L 20 G short-glass PA12 grades, the W 20 product offers isotropic shrinkage and no fibre orientation-induced warpage, but at the cost of lower modulus and lower creep resistance. A short-glass PA12 grade may exhibit tensile modulus above 3000 MPa; the plasticised unfilled grade remains below 1000 MPa. For load-bearing brackets or structural housings, substitution should be based on finite-element analysis using the lower modulus and higher strain at break. The unfilled W 20 grade also reduces tool wear relative to glass-filled compounds, but it requires more generous wall thickness for equivalent stiffness.
Compared with PA6 and PA66, the PA12 base of Grilamid L 20 W 20 absorbs less moisture; water absorption at 50% RH is approximately 0.8%, which is roughly one-third to one-half that of unmodified PA6 under the same condition. This provides lower property shift in humid environments and better dimensional stability for exterior cable sheathing, pneumatic tubing, and exposed fasteners. The material cost per kilogram is higher, but wall-thickness reductions in part design may partially offset this in end-use applications where chemical resistance and moisture stability are valued.
No single application boundary is implied by the supplier designation. In practice, the grade appears in production orders for flexible snap-fit connectors, cable ties, hose couplings, protective tubing, and ergonomic hand tools. Equipment observations from multi-cavity tools indicate that moulders prefer melt temperatures in the 240–260 °C range and mould temperatures near 60 °C to balance cycle time and part release. For extrusion profiles, the plasticised viscosity delivers stable melt strength at die temperatures between 230 °C and 250 °C, although calibration and cooling must account for the low hardness of the solidified melt. In-mould shrinkage is lower and more uniform than in glass-filled grades but higher than in unplasticised PA12; cavity dimensions should be validated with cavity-pressure transducers because packing pressure changes shrinkage more than melt temperature in this grade.
The plasticised PA12 matrix retains the characteristic resistance of nylon 12 to oils, greases, fuels, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. However, the W 20 plasticiser modifies diffusion rate and low-molecular-weight uptake. Continuous exposure to strong mineral acids, oxidising agents, or phenolic solutions is not recommended because amide hydrolysis or plasticiser extraction can reduce molecular weight and embrittle the surface. Zinc chloride solutions, which can cause environmental stress cracking in polyamides, require particular validation for parts with high residual stress. Components exposed to glycol-based coolants above 60 °C should be tested under pressure and temperature cycling; published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Service temperature is load-dependent. The plasticised grade is not intended for continuous exposure at temperatures where the plasticiser can volatilise or migrate; this boundary is typically lower than for unplasticised PA12. Short-term excursions above 90 °C are possible only when mechanical load is minimal and after creep testing at the target temperature. For applications involving repeated fuel immersion, extraction testing according to ISO 175 should be performed to quantify mass loss and surface tack associated with plasticiser extraction.
Lot-to-lot variation for the grey 9280 pigment package should be verified using spectrophotometric colour measurement and melt flow-rate according to ISO 1133-1. For incoming inspection, moisture analysis by ISO 15512 is preferred over loss-on-drying because the plasticised matrix can release non-aqueous volatiles that bias gravimetric results. At ambient relative humidity above 60%, open containers should be re-sealed immediately; pellets stored for more than 8 h in an uncontrolled environment may exceed the recommended moisture limit and require re-drying.
