| HS Code | 869826 |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.25% |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 40 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 1400 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Yield | 45 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 250% |
| Flexural Modulus | 1400 MPa |
| Izod Impact Strength Notched | 5 kJ/m² |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 140 °C |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 L Nylon 12, Dry factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Grilamid L 20 L Nylon 12, Dry: 25 kg sealed moisture-resistant bag of dry pellets, packaged to prevent moisture absorption. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL of EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 L Nylon 12 (dry), loaded on pallets, protected against moisture, ensuring safe transport. |
| Shipping | Ship as non-hazardous polymer resin in sealed, moisture-proof bags or drums. Keep dry, away from humidity, heat, and direct sunlight. Avoid dust accumulation during handling. No special transport classification required under standard regulations, but secure pallets to prevent damage during transit. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid L 20 L in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Protect from moisture, direct sunlight, and excessive heat. Keep away from ignition sources and incompatible chemicals. Ensure the container remains undamaged and resealed immediately after use to prevent moisture absorption. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is indefinite when stored sealed, dry, and cool; keep away from moisture and direct sunlight. |
In automotive evaporative emission control systems, Grilamid L 20 L is extruded as the structural wall material for low-permeation fuel vapor return and canister purge lines whose compliance validation is mapped to SAE J2260, ISO 13775-1, and the component-level test procedures of SAE J1645. The material is fed at 100 parts by weight with 2–4 wt% carbon black UV-stabilized masterbatch in monolayer designs; in five-layer coextrusion, the PA12 outer and inner structural layers together account for 60–80% of total wall thickness, while an EVOH barrier layer occupies 5–10% and adhesive tie layers occupy 5–10%. Drying is performed in a desiccant dryer at 80°C for 4–6 h to ≤0.10% residual moisture if warehouse relative humidity has exceeded 60%, because residual moisture above 0.15% produces hydrolysis-induced surface roughness and melt viscosity loss during extruder residence. Amine-based chain extenders and acidic carriers must not be combined with this resin in the same hopper, because both classes shift melt viscosity unpredictably during residence at 220–240°C. The tube extrusion line uses a single-screw extruder with 25–30 L/D barrier mixing screw and a coextrusion die, with barrel temperatures from 210°C in the feed zone to 240°C at the die and melt pressure fluctuations held below 0.5 MPa to maintain wall-thickness uniformity; downstream vacuum sizing at 15–20°C water and closed-loop laser diameter control maintain the outer diameter tolerance required by the specified fitting retention force test. Finished part types include fuel vapor return lines, evaporative canister purge tubes, ORVR tank topping lines, and carbon canister-to-intake manifold connector tubes.
The substitution shifts the drying threshold and the post-extrusion crystallinity control strategy for SAE J844, ISO 7628, and DIN 73378 nonmetallic air brake tubing. Grilamid L 20 L is processed at 100 parts by weight with 2–5 wt% weather-stabilized black masterbatch, without external plasticizer, so the cold-impact performance at -40°C depends on retained pipe-wall orientation and moisture content rather than plasticizer migration kinetics. A 25–30 L/D single-screw extruder with a three-zone barrier screw and breaker plate is run with barrel set points of 200°C, 220°C, and 235°C from feed to metering, while the head is held at 235°C and the melt is maintained below 250°C to limit thermo-oxidative chain scission. Production-scale experience shows that batch-to-batch diameter variation is not acceptable for SAE J844 fitting retention unless the line includes a gear pump and closed-loop vacuum sizing at -30 kPa to -60 kPa relative to atmosphere with a laser diameter gauge regulating haul-off; this is a specific bottleneck when start-up resin with ≥0.12% moisture enters the feed throat and causes surging in the metering zone. Finished product types include straight and coiled air brake lines, trailer air supply lines, suspension leveling tubing, and compressor discharge tubing with push-to-connect fitting ends.
Microextrusion of an unplasticized PA12 catheter shaft requires a 19–25 mm single-screw extruder coupled to a melt gear pump because the low melt viscosity of Grilamid L 20 L exposes screw speed variations directly as lumen diameter drift. The material is processed at 100 parts by weight for transparent shaft sections; radiopaque shafts are compounded with 15–20 wt% BaSO4 filler and 0.2–0.5 wt% processing lubricant. Biological compliance is evaluated under ISO 10993-1:2018, USP <88> Class VI, and FDA 21 CFR 177.1500, with manufacturing records maintained under ISO 13485. Drying at 80°C for 4–6 h to ≤0.10% moisture is followed by extrusion at melt temperatures of 220–250°C through a 0.5–2.0 mm die, vacuum sizing in water at 20–25°C, and post-extrusion annealing at 120–140°C for 2–4 h to stabilize post-sterilization shrinkage. Sterilization selection is constrained: steam autoclaving at 134°C can induce dimensional distortion in unannealed shaft regions, so ethylene oxide, gamma, or electron-beam sterilization is preferred unless autoclave compatibility has been explicitly validated. Finished product types include rapid-exchange diagnostic catheter shafts, guide catheter bodies, introducer inner lumen tubing, and braided catheter inner liners.
A pressure sheath for unbonded flexible pipe is extruded over the inner carcass from 100 parts by weight Grilamid L 20 L with 0.2–0.5 wt% hindered phenol antioxidant and 2–2.5 wt% carbon black masterbatch; the formulation remains plasticizer-free to prevent plasticizer extraction into the permeating gas phase during service. Qualification documentation follows API Spec 17J, ISO 13628-2, NORSOK M-710, and API TR 17TR2 for PA12 ageing in the flexible pipe annulus. Drying to ≤0.05% moisture is critical because the high extrusion mass throughput and long residence time on a 90–120 mm single-screw extruder with 30–36 L/D barrier screw increase the hydrolysis risk inside the melt film at the barrel wall. Melt temperature is maintained between 210°C and 250°C, with extrusion pressure in the annular crosshead typically between 15 MPa and 30 MPa depending on wall thickness and line speed; wall thickness eccentricity is kept below 10% by four-axis ultrasonic measurement after vacuum cooling. Published data for this specific configuration above 80°C in produced-water ageing is limited, so qualification for a specific pipe design requires compound-specific ageing coupon programs under NORSOK M-710. Finished product types include unbonded flexible risers, subsea flowlines, export jumpers, and gas lift lines.
| Standard | Qualification scope | Primary PA12-related test emphasis |
|---|---|---|
| API Spec 17J | Flexible pipe design, materials, manufacturing | Annulus environment ageing, collapse resistance |
| ISO 13628-2 | Flexible pipe systems for subsea and marine applications | Polymeric sheath ageing, dimensional verification |
| NORSOK M-710 | Non-metallic material qualification for offshore use | Sour service, rapid gas decompression resistance |
| API TR 17TR2 | Ageing of PA11 and PA12 in flexible pipe annulus | Hydrolysis, molecular weight retention |
For outdoor fiber optic loose tubes, Grilamid L 20 L is fed at 100 parts by weight with 2–6 wt% carbon black masterbatch and optional 0.5–1.0 wt% processing lubricant, with mechanical test compliance under IEC 60794-1-21, Telcordia GR-20-CORE, and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU. Extrusion over a loose tube line with a 25–30 L/D single-screw extruder, melt temperature 220–245°C, and warm-water vacuum sizing at 40–60°C permits controlled post-extrusion shrinkage below the gel-filling stress threshold. Finished product types include outdoor loose tube buffer tubes, microduct outer sheaths, and riser cable jackets.
Industrial monofilament drawing benefits from the low equilibrium moisture uptake of Grilamid L 20 L only when the quench and drawing sequence is matched to the crystallization rate of PA12. The resin is processed at 100 parts by weight with 0.5–1.0 wt% TiO2 delustrant and 0.2 wt% antioxidant; food-contact monofilament applications are evaluated under FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 and EU Regulation 10/2011, while hydraulic filter fabric media are tested under ISO 16889. Extrusion through a spinneret with 0.3–1.5 mm holes is followed by water quench at 20–40°C, two-stage hot drawing at a total draw ratio of 3:1–5:1 in a bath held at 80–120°C, and annealing at 140–150°C under controlled strain. If quench water temperature exceeds 40°C, differential crystallization across the filament cross-section produces ovality and downstream weaving defects. Finished product types include paper machine clothing monofilament, spiral mesh for filter belts, brush bristles, and industrial reinforcement setae.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 L Nylon 12, Dry is an unreinforced polyamide 12 injection moulding and extrusion resin supplied in the dry-as-moulded condition. The grade is specified for technical parts where low density, low equilibrium moisture uptake and notched impact energy at sub-zero temperatures are more important than the elevated dry-state stiffness and heat deflection temperature of PA66. Representative dry-state values published by the manufacturer include density of 1.01 g/cm³ according to ISO 1183-1, tensile modulus of 1600 MPa and yield stress of 45 MPa according to ISO 527-1/-2, nominal strain at break greater than 50%, Charpy notched impact strength of 5 kJ/m² at 23 °C according to ISO 179-1/1eA, heat deflection temperature of 50 °C at 1.80 MPa according to ISO 75-1/-2, Vicat softening temperature near 170 °C according to ISO 306 method B50, and saturation water absorption of 1.4% according to ISO 62. The dry-state designation is not incidental: these values are obtained on specimens moulded to ISO 294-1 and tested after moisture exclusion, whereas exposure to standard atmospheres shifts modulus downward and impact energy upward.
| Property | Standard | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 1600 MPa |
| Yield stress | ISO 527-1/-2 | 45 MPa |
| Nominal strain at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | >50% |
| Charpy notched impact strength, 23 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 5 kJ/m² |
| Heat deflection temperature, 1.80 MPa | ISO 75-1/-2 | 50 °C |
| Vicat softening temperature, B50 | ISO 306 | 170 °C |
| Water absorption at saturation, 23 °C | ISO 62 | 1.4% |
Melt volume-flow rate for the specific lot is stated on the supplier certification and should be requested where thin-wall filling or multi-cavity balancing is critical. Single-point datasheet values are not design allowables; long-term load-bearing calculations require creep, fatigue and chemical-ageing data generated on finished parts under the actual service temperature and humidity.
Moisture uptake is the dominant variable when dry-state datasheet values are transferred to humid operating conditions. At 23 °C and 50% RH, equilibrium moisture content for this polyamide 12 grade is approximately 0.7% by weight, rising to 1.4% at saturation in 23 °C water. This uptake is lower than the 9.0–10.0% saturation range typical of unreinforced PA6 and the 7.5–8.5% range typical of PA66 because the longer C12 aliphatic segment reduces amide-group density. For polyamides, accelerated conditioning to ISO 1110 at 70 °C and 62% RH is frequently used to approximate saturated or end-use moisture content before mechanical testing. The dry-to-conditioned shift in tensile modulus can exceed 30% for unfilled PA12, while notched impact energy increases and yield stress decreases. Hygroscopic swelling between the dry state and saturation is generally below 0.3%, lower than PA66 but still significant for precision clearance fits below 0.05 mm. The operational boundary is that design calculations based on dry-state stiffness without absorbed-moisture correction will overpredict short-term deflection resistance and underpredict creep compliance in moist air.
Electrical properties are also humidity-dependent. Dry PA12 exhibits volume resistivity on the order of 10^14 Ω·m when tested according to IEC 62631-3-1, and the comparative tracking index can exceed 600 V under IEC 60112. At elevated humidity, surface resistivity falls first because absorbed moisture creates a conductive surface layer. This behaviour is common to all polyamides, but the lower saturation uptake of PA12 gives it a narrower property swing than PA6 or PA66 in alternating dry-humid service.
Residual moisture control is the primary processing constraint. If unopened material is stored above 60% RH or if regrind is introduced, desiccant-dryer pre-drying at 80 °C for 4–8 h is recommended until residual moisture falls below 0.10% by weight, with moisture content determined by ISO 15512 Karl Fischer titration. Higher residual moisture causes hydrolytic molecular-weight reduction and visible splay on moulded surfaces. Injection moulding on conventional single-screw machines with plasticating units of 20:1–24:1 L/D and positive non-return valves is typical. Melt-temperature settings from 240 °C to 280 °C and mould-temperature settings from 40 °C to 80 °C are used; the lower mould-temperature boundary reduces cycle time but lowers crystallinity and may produce underfilled thin ribs below 0.4 mm. Higher mould temperatures are used when maximum dimensional stability and low-temperature impact are specified. The processing window is wider than that of PA66 because the melting transition is near 178 °C, but residence time above 280 °C should be minimised to limit oxidation and viscosity drift.
In profile extrusion, barrel temperatures from 200 °C to 240 °C with die temperature near 230 °C are typical, followed by water-bath cooling at 60–80 °C. Drying remains essential before extrusion because uncontrolled moisture produces foam, surface roughness and wall-thickness variation. Regrind addition up to 30% with the same dry lot is commonly tolerated in injection moulding; higher fractions reduce Charpy impact and shift flow length. Conveying of dried pellets in moisture-excluding equipment is recommended when ambient dew point exceeds 10 °C.
The principal differentiator is the long aliphatic C12 backbone. Density of approximately 1.01 g/cm³ is roughly 11% lower than the 1.14 g/cm³ typical of unreinforced PA6 and PA66. Saturation moisture uptake of 1.4% is substantially lower than the 9.0–10.0% and 7.5–8.5% figures for PA6 and PA66 respectively, which improves dimensional stability and electrical consistency across humidity cycles. Polyamide 12 also demonstrates resistance to stress cracking in zinc chloride solutions and resistance to many automotive fluids, including diesel fuel, hydraulic oils and lubricating greases. Short-chain PA6 and PA66 are susceptible to environmental stress cracking in contact with ZnCl₂ and some strong mineral acids. The trade-off is thermal capability: PA66 has higher dry-state tensile modulus and higher heat deflection temperature, making it preferable for structural under-hood parts exposed continuously above 120 °C. PA12 has a melting point near 178 °C and an HDT/A of 50 °C; continuous load-bearing service above approximately 80 °C is not appropriate for this unfilled base resin unless a heat-stabilized PA12 variant is specified. Compared with PA11, PA12 offers slightly lower density and water uptake but a slightly lower melting point; both are long-chain polyamides with similar low-temperature toughness and solvent resistance. Compared with glass-fibre reinforced PA12 grades in the same manufacturer range, Grilamid L 20 L has lower tensile modulus, higher elongation, improved unfilled surface finish and higher mould shrinkage. Unfilled PA12 mould shrinkage is typically 0.7–1.4% depending on wall thickness, gate geometry and packing pressure.
| Property | Grilamid L 20 L PA12 | Unreinforced PA11 | Unreinforced PA6 | Unreinforced PA66 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ | 1.03–1.05 g/cm³ | 1.14 g/cm³ | 1.14 g/cm³ |
| Water absorption at saturation, 23 °C | 1.4% | 1.6–1.9% | 9.0–10.0% | 7.5–8.5% |
| Heat deflection temperature, 1.80 MPa | 50 °C | 50–60 °C | 65–75 °C | 70–80 °C |
Fluid-contact components such as quick-connector housings, cable ties, clips, pneumatic tubing connectors and snap-fit housings are common application areas for this grade. In automotive quick-connector tools, lot-specific melt volume-flow rate is monitored to maintain filling of thin sealing-barb features. Mould trials on machines with clamp forces from 500 kN to 1500 kN show that mould release agents are generally unnecessary when the tool is polished and drafted and when ejection occurs below 80 °C. Chemical compatibility must be revalidated for each fluid: PA12 is generally resistant to aliphatic hydrocarbons, diesel fuel, lubricating oils and many refrigerants, but it is not suitable for strong oxidizing acids, phenols or concentrated formic acid. The base grade contains no flame retardant and should not be specified for electrical enclosures requiring UL 94 V-0 without supplier confirmation. Compliance with REACH and RoHS must be documented against the lot-specific safety data sheet. Published creep data for unfilled PA12 under tensile stress above 10 MPa are limited; long-term load-bearing designs require part-level testing under actual temperature and humidity. For food-contact or drinking-water approvals, the base grade is not automatically compliant; specific grade variants and migration testing under EU 10/2011 or relevant local standards are required.
