| HS Code | 293325 |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.2 % |
| Melting Point Dsc | 178 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 40 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 1600 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Yield | 50 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | >50 % |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength 23 C | 12 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Unnotched Impact Strength 23 C | No break |
| Heat Deflection Temperature Hdt A 1 8 Mpa | 55 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature Hdt B 0 45 Mpa | 135 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B50 | 150 °C |
| Mold Shrinkage | 0.5-1.0 % |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 20 HL black 9563 PA12 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 25 kg sealed moisture-proof polyethylene-lined bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped for safe transport and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Grilamid L 20 HL black 9563 PA12 granules loaded in a 20′ FCL, shipped as palletized bags, securely stowed for transport. |
| Shipping | EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 20 HL black 9563 PA12 ships as non-hazardous thermoplastic granules. Pack in sealed, moisture-proof bags or drums to prevent absorption. Store dry, away from heat and ignition sources. Standard dry van or container transport is suitable; avoid excessive humidity and prolonged outdoor exposure. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid® L 20 HL black 9563 in its original, unopened container in a cool, dry place. Keep tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption, which can degrade processing and performance. Avoid direct sunlight, UV exposure, and temperatures above 30°C. Use within the recommended shelf life for optimal results. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is 2 years from delivery when stored unopened, dry, and at room temperature, away from direct light. |
In a five-layer automotive fuel vapour return line, EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 HL black 9563 is directed to the outer jacket because the carbon black dispersion provides ultraviolet screening and the heat-stabilised PA12 backbone tolerates continuous underbody exposure below 100 °C skin temperature. Granules are pre-dried at 80 °C for 4 h to 8 h in a desiccant dryer with a dew point of −40 °C or lower; residual moisture above 0.10% measured by ISO 15512 causes hydrolysis at melt temperature, lowering molecular weight and forming circumferential die-lip deposits. The extrusion line uses a barrier screw with a 25:1 L/D ratio and a spiral mandrel die with separate melt feeds for the PA12 outer layer, an ethylene copolymer tie layer, an EVOH barrier layer, a second tie layer, and the inner PA12 contact layer. Barrel profile from feed to metering is maintained at 220–235 °C, 235–245 °C, and 240–250 °C; die head temperature is held at 240–260 °C with a die-zone variation not exceeding ±2 °C. The melt temperature at the die must not exceed 280 °C and residence time should remain below 10 min because the heat-stabiliser package is consumed once the melt overheats, leading to black speck formation and surface roughening. A vacuum calibration tank set at −0.3 bar to −0.6 bar with water temperature between 20 °C and 30 °C locks the outside diameter. For an 8 mm outside-diameter line, the line speed is coupled to a two-axis laser gauge so that ovality is kept below 0.10 mm; a 0.15 mm ovality at the forming die translates into interference-fit loss at the connection barb.
| Parameter | Tubing/cable extrusion | Injection moulding |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-drying temperature | 80 °C | 80 °C |
| Drying time | 4–8 h | 4–6 h |
| Desiccant dew point | −40 °C | −40 °C |
| Maximum residual moisture | 0.10% | 0.10% |
| Melt temperature | 235–250 °C | 245–265 °C |
| Die head / hot runner temperature | 240–260 °C | 250–270 °C |
| Mould temperature | N/A | 40–80 °C |
| Maximum residence time | 10 min | 8 min |
Interlayer adhesion is checked on the production line by a 180° peel pull at 23 °C; peel force below 15 N/25 mm typically indicates tie-layer starvation or excessive EVOH cooling at the die. The principal field failure mode in this application is not permeation but interlayer blistering after sustained exposure to road salt and calcium chloride. PA12 outer layer is selected because its low water uptake reduces chloride ion transport to the EVOH barrier layer, but published data for this specific black 9563 configuration under cyclic salt spray is limited. Vehicle-level validation against SAE J2260 includes crush testing, kink testing, and permeation measurement before and after cyclic temperature exposure.
The limiting factor in spiral-wound air brake coil tubing is not initial burst pressure but the retention of hoop strength after repeated thermal excursions. Processors extrude the black 9563 grade into outside diameters of 6.35 mm, 9.53 mm, and 12.70 mm, with wall thicknesses from 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm, then cut and coil the tube at a take-off temperature below 50 °C. If the tube enters the coiler above 55 °C, the helix set relaxes too quickly and the final coil height exceeds the vehicle harness envelope; this is a recurring summer production bottleneck when plant air temperature raises cooling-water temperature to 28 °C. Melt temperature during extrusion is maintained at 235–250 °C, and the die head is held at 240–260 °C. After coiling, the tube is annealed at 100 °C for 2 h to stabilise the helix; vehicle producers commonly add a heat-aging test at 100 °C for 168 h before burst testing at 4× rated working pressure. The construction is designed around ISO 7628-1 and SAE J844; burst testing is performed with a pneumatic ramp of 1 bar/s after conditioning in a water bath at 23 °C for 2 h. Field failure modes include inner-wall oxidative pitting at the compressor discharge segment where oil mist and water vapour reach 80 °C; the carbon black and heat-stabiliser package in the black 9563 grade delays pitting relative to unstabilised PA12, but the coalescing filter must still intercept oil carryover above 0.01 g/m³. Downstream braid or spiral wrap adds a 10 K to 15 K local surface temperature rise; coiling over a mandrel with a radius below 3× outside diameter increases notch stresses and shortens impulse life. Batch-to-batch variance in spiral coiling is reduced when the extruder is run at constant screw speed and the puller is regulated by a wall-thickness feedback loop rather than by separate speed setpoints.
Operating with 8 mm and 10 mm outside-diameter tube in plant-wide compressed air circuits, the black 9563 grade is extruded without additional colour masterbatch because the carbon black is already dispersed in the compound. The tube is drawn from a single-screw extruder through a calibration sleeve; melt temperature is held at 235–250 °C, and the die land ratio is maintained at 10:1 to suppress melt fracture. Roundness is measured by a two-axis laser micrometer; ovality above 0.10 mm leads to leakage at push-in fittings during 10 bar pneumatic impulse testing. After 1,000,000 pressure cycles from 0 bar to 8 bar at 23 °C, the cut end must show no fitting blow-off; failures concentrate at the collet bite on the inner surface, so end finish must be square to within 0.10 mm and free of die lines. ISO 4414 governs the general circuit safety; the tube itself is qualified against the fitting manufacturer's pull-off and torque standards because push-in retention depends on the interaction between tube hardness, collet barb penetration, and surface finish.
Below 0.5 mm nominal wall, the PA12 melt web becomes highly sensitive to corrugator vacuum timing; if vacuum closes before the melt reaches the block face, the root radius is too sharp and transverse compression strength falls. Black 9563 is extruded at 240–255 °C into a moving corrugator with mould blocks conditioned at 60–80 °C; vacuum is set at −0.4 bar to −0.7 bar. Sustained block temperatures above 90 °C cause hot release stickiness, producing surface smear and pulling the still-soft wall away from the root. For rail and heavy machinery harnesses, flexible conduit is subjected to transverse compression and cold impact at −25 °C according to IEC 61386-23; the black 9563 grade resists brittle fracture at the root because PA12 retains a ductile transition below −40 °C. The processing conflict is that low-viscosity PA12 fills the corrugation root quickly but also draws down the web; line speed is therefore ramped in 5 m/min steps until laser wall-thickness scans show no segment below 0.45 mm. For wall thickness below 0.45 mm, the conduit is removed from production because transverse compression resistance drops below the vehicle harness minimum specified by the manufacturer.
| Application segment | Commonly referenced standard | Relevant test condition or discipline |
|---|---|---|
| Automotive fuel vapour tubing | SAE J2260 | Low-permeation multilayer construction after crush and kink exposure |
| Air brake coil tubing | ISO 7628-1, SAE J844 | Heat-aged burst at 100 °C and cold impact at −25 °C |
| Pneumatic control tubing | ISO 4414, fitting manufacturer validation | Impulse cycling 0–8 bar at 23 °C |
| Corrugated cable conduit | IEC 61386-23 | Transverse compression and cold impact at −25 °C |
| Coolant connectors | ASTM D638-14, ISO 62 | Tensile property retention after 120 °C glycol immersion and water uptake |
Injection moulding of PA12 quick connectors for coolant circuits uses the black 9563 grade as an unreinforced, heat-stabilised material in wall thicknesses from 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm. The screw geometry uses a compression ratio of 2.2:1 to 2.8:1; melt temperature is kept at 245–265 °C, and the mould is held at 40–80 °C. Gate freeze time is a controlling variable: at a mould temperature below 40 °C, the gate freezes before holding pressure can compensate for PA12 shrinkage, producing sink marks around the O-ring groove and a loss of roundness in the nipple. After moulding, coolant connectors are dry-assembled and pressure-tested at 2.5 bar to 3.0 bar air under water. The limiting failure mode is not burst but slow crack propagation at the weld line caused by a combination of ethylene glycol plasticisation and clamp force. The low equilibrium water uptake of PA12, measured per ISO 62 at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity, is approximately 0.7%; this keeps dimensional drift lower than PA6 in humid climates. Continuous exposure to 50/50 ethylene glycol/water at 120 °C generates crevice deposits on brass inserts; the moulded part should not rely on hot-insert threads because unreinforced PA12 creep under clamp load is higher than glass-reinforced grades.
When trailer air suspension levelling lines are converted from polyamide 11 to PA12, the coil-setting step becomes the main source of batch-to-batch variance. The tube is first extruded to 8 mm outside diameter, cooled, and then spiral-wound on a mandrel. The coil is set in a forced-air oven at 120 °C for 20 min, then cooled on the mandrel to 25 °C. Over-ageing at 140 °C for more than 30 min consumes the stabiliser at the inner helix and causes the tube to flatten under repeated axle articulation. In service, the line must survive −40 °C coupling release and 10 bar working pressure; impulse testing is conducted from 0 bar to 10 bar at 1 Hz for 250,000 cycles at 80 °C. Leakage at the fitting is the primary failure criterion, and heat-stabilised black 9563 is selected because unreinforced PA12 retains elongation at break after thermal aging better than PA6 in dry air.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 20 HL black 9563 is a heat- and light-stabilised polyamide 12 injection-molding and extrusion grade. Under ISO 1043, the material is designated PA12-HL. The L 20 component identifies a medium-viscosity base resin derived from laurolactam; HL denotes the heat and light stabilization package; black 9563 is the manufacturer’s colour code for a carbon-black-pigmented variant. The C12 repeating unit provides lower amide group density than PA6 or PA66, which reduces equilibrium moisture uptake and yields a published density of 1.01 g/cm³ according to ISO 1183. The grade is supplied as granules and is processed after drying to a residual moisture content below 0.10% by Karl Fischer titration according to ISO 15512.
| Property | Standard | Unit | Published typical value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183 | g/cm³ | 1.01 |
| Water absorption, saturation, 23°C | ISO 62 | % | 1.1 |
| Water absorption, 23°C, 50% RH | ISO 62 | % | 0.4 |
| Tensile modulus, dry | ISO 527-1/-2 | MPa | 1600 |
| Yield stress, dry | ISO 527-1/-2 | MPa | 45 |
| Yield strain | ISO 527-1/-2 | % | 4.5 |
| Nominal strain at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | % | >50 |
| Charpy notched impact, 23°C | ISO 179/1eA | kJ/m² | 4 |
| Charpy notched impact, −30°C | ISO 179/1eA | kJ/m² | 4 |
| Ball indentation hardness | ISO 2039-1 | MPa | 95 |
| Melting point, DSC | ISO 11357 | °C | 176 |
| Vicat softening temperature, B50 | ISO 306 | °C | 140 |
| Heat deflection temperature, 1.80 MPa | ISO 75-1/-2 | °C | 50 |
| Heat deflection temperature, 0.45 MPa | ISO 75-1/-2 | °C | 130 |
| Mold shrinkage, flow/transverse | ISO 294-4 | % | 0.7–1.1 |
| Comparative tracking index | IEC 60112 | V | 600 |
| Dielectric strength, 1 mm | IEC 60243-1 | kV/mm | 31 |
| Volume resistivity | IEC 62631-3-1 | Ω·m | 10¹³ |
Lot-specific certificates of analysis may differ within the manufacturer’s specification. The table values are dry-as-molded unless stated; conditioned values at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity shift due to low but non-zero moisture uptake. Published data for the specific black 9563 colour configuration should be confirmed against the current EMS-Grivory technical datasheet for the target wall thickness and conditioning state.
Pre-drying is mandatory because residual moisture above 0.10% hydrolyzes the amide bond before the resin reaches the melt pool. A desiccant dryer with a dew point of −30 °C or lower is recommended. Drying at 80 °C for 4 h to 6 h in a sealed hopper is typical; if ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%, the hopper should be purged with dried air and drying extended to 6 h. Inlet air temperature above 100 °C should be avoided because prolonged exposure can oxidize polyamide surfaces and shift yellowness index. Melt temperature measured at the nozzle for injection molding should be maintained between 240 °C and 270 °C. For wall thickness below 0.8 mm, the upper end of the range and high injection speed are required. Mold temperature should be 40 °C to 80 °C, with 60 °C typical. If the mold surface temperature falls below 40 °C, weld-line notched impact strength decreases and the risk of visible flow lines and delamination at knit lines increases.
A three-zone general-purpose screw with 20:1 to 25:1 L/D and compression ratio 2.0:1 to 2.5:1 is adequate for melt preparation. Use a check ring and shut-off nozzle. Back pressure is normally 50 bar to 150 bar; holding pressure between 300 bar and 800 bar is selected according to gate geometry and part thickness. Clamping force per projected area is typically 0.5 kN/cm² to 0.8 kN/cm² for technical components. Gate placement should account for anisotropic shrinkage. Flow-direction shrinkage measured by ISO 294-4 is typically 0.7% to 1.1%, while transverse shrinkage is typically 0.9% to 1.2%. Differential shrinkage between thick and thin sections can cause warpage after humidification. Wall thickness transitions should be gradual, with a ratio not exceeding 1:3. External radii should be at least 0.5 mm to avoid notch effects. Snap fits should be designed with allowable strain below the dry-material yield strain of 4.5% for one-time assembly, with lower limits for frequent flexing.
For tubing and profile extrusion, a single-screw extruder with 25:1 to 30:1 L/D, a barrier screw, and a melt pump is appropriate. Barrel temperatures from hopper to die are typically 200 °C to 240 °C, with die temperature at 230 °C. Vacuum calibration at 30 °C to 60 °C refines outside diameter and ovality. Extended residence time at melt temperature above 260 °C accelerates carbon black agglomeration and surface roughness in black 9563; melt pumps should be operated only after stabiliser distribution has been confirmed by filter pressure data.
Processing defects on reciprocating-screw lines show characteristic signatures. Silver streaks indicate residual moisture or trapped volatiles; the immediate corrective action is to verify dryer dew point and granule residence time. Black specks in thin-walled sections or flexible tubing generally indicate carbon black agglomeration or degraded resin from dead spots in the hot runner. Corrective action is to lower melt temperature, reduce screw recovery speed, or purge with a clean PA12. Weld-line failures in impact tests at multi-gate patterns are often caused by mold temperature below 40 °C or by insufficient venting. In such cases, raising mold temperature to 60 °C and adding vents of 0.02 mm to 0.03 mm depth improves knit-line strength. Gate freeze time should be confirmed by weighing the part during holding-pressure trials; if part weight drops when holding pressure is reduced, the gate is not sealed and packing is incomplete.
The long-chain polyamide structure of PA12 gives resistance at 23 °C to aliphatic hydrocarbons, diesel fuel, hydraulic oil, grease, and dilute alkali. Fuel-contact applications are evaluated under ISO 175 immersion and SAE J2260 for permeation; published data for this specific black 9563 configuration is limited. For pneumatic tubing, dimensional stability under humidity is improved relative to PA6 because saturation moisture uptake is approximately 1.1% under ISO 62. In low-voltage electrical applications, comparative tracking index under IEC 60112 is typically 600 V. Dielectric strength under IEC 60243-1 is approximately 31 kV/mm for a 1 mm specimen. Volume resistivity under IEC 62631-3-1 is approximately 10¹³ Ω·m to 10¹⁴ Ω·m. Carbon black pigmentation in black 9563 reduces surface resistivity relative to natural PA12 but does not create a conductive or static-dissipative compound; the grade is not recommended for surface resistivity below 10⁹ Ω.
Continuous immersion in strong mineral acids, phenolic compounds, and oxidizing media such as concentrated hydrogen peroxide or nitric acid causes chain scission and surface etching. At temperatures above 80 °C, hydrolysis in water/glycol mixtures accelerates; long-term pressure service in aqueous media should be validated with ISO 175 immersion and stress-crack resistance tests. Methanol and ethanol can promote environmental stress cracking in highly stressed PA12 parts at elevated temperatures. External lubricants containing zinc oxide or magnesium stearate are generally acceptable, but amine-based additives should be avoided because they can accelerate thermo-oxidative degradation.
The substitution of PA12 for PA6 or PA66 changes several coupled properties. The lower amide group density of C12 chains reduces saturated water absorption to about 1.1%, while PA6 and PA66 absorb approximately 9% and 8.5% respectively. The resulting dimensional change in humid service is smaller, and electrical properties remain more stable. PA12 has lower density 1.01 g/cm³ and lower tensile modulus than PA66, so it is less suitable for highly rigid structural parts unless wall thickness is increased. It offers higher resistance to zinc chloride stress cracking and aliphatic hydrocarbons than PA66. Compared with unstabilised Grilamid L 20 G, the HL package extends long-term heat ageing resistance, while black 9563 carbon black provides ultraviolet opacity. The carbon black pigment does not convert the material into a conductive grade, and pigmentation can slightly reduce notched impact strength relative to a natural version; published values for black 9563 remain within the same specification band.
| Attribute | Grilamid L 20 HL PA12 | PA6 dry/conditioned | PA66 dry/conditioned |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ | 1.13 g/cm³ | 1.14 g/cm³ |
| Saturation water uptake, 23°C | 1.1% | 9% | 8.5% |
| Tensile modulus, dry | 1600 MPa | 3200 MPa | 3300 MPa |
| Melting point, DSC | 176 °C | 220 °C | 260 °C |
| Comparative tracking index | 600 V | 600 V | 600 V |
| Zinc chloride stress cracking | high resistance | low resistance | moderate resistance |
Ageing evaluations for black 9563 are typically conducted with xenon-arc weathering under ISO 4892-2 and hot-air ageing under ISO 188. The carbon black pigmentation provides ultraviolet shielding, but published retained-property data for this exact colour code and wall thickness is limited; programme-specific validation should be requested from EMS-Grivory. Granules should be stored in sealed original packaging below 30 °C and protected from direct sunlight and moisture. Opened packaging should be re-sealed or consumed within 24 h if ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%. Batch-to-batch control of carbon black dispersion is monitored by optical microscopy and by melt filtration pressure rise; poor dispersion can produce surface roughness and local loss of impact strength in extruded tube walls.
Regulatory status for the supplied granules is documented in the safety data sheet under REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. The compound is normally considered to contain no substances of very high concern above 0.1% by weight. Articles intended for electrical and electronic equipment are assessed under RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU; converters must verify that all additives and colourants in black 9563 meet homogeneous material limits for lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB and PBDE. Food contact status under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 is grade-specific and cannot be assumed for black 9563 without a written conformity declaration from EMS-Grivory. Potable-water applications may require additional testing under KTW, W270, or NSF/ANSI/CAN 61. The manufacturer’s lot certificate typically reports viscosity number under ISO 307, residual moisture, tensile modulus under ISO 527-1/-2, and colour coordinates for black 9563. If the material is processed in a plant with high ambient dust or where multiple PA12 natural grades are moulded, separate granulate feed lines and hopper magnets are used to prevent contamination and carbon black carryover.
