| HS Code | 931407 |
| Density | 1.12 g/cm³ |
| Melt Volume Flow Rate | 20 cm³/10 min |
| Tensile Modulus | 3200 MPa |
| Tensile Stress At Yield | 60 MPa |
| Tensile Strain At Yield | 4% |
| Elongation At Break | 15% |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength At 23 C | 5 kJ/m² |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 80 Mpa | 55 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 140 °C |
| Flammability Rating Ul94 | V-0 |
| Water Absorption At Saturation | 0.6% |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 H FR Nylon 12, Flame Retardant, Dry factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 25 kg moisture-barrier polyethylene-lined paper bags, palletized and shrink-wrapped, ensuring dry, uncontaminated EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 H FR Nylon 12. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading of dry flame-retardant Grilamid L 20 H FR nylon 12 granules, secured on pallets, moisture-protected for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Grilamid L 20 H FR is a flame-retardant Nylon 12 supplied in dry form. Ship in sealed, moisture-proof containers to preserve low humidity. Store away from ignition sources and incompatibles. Avoid dust generation; use grounded equipment. Standard dry freight is suitable, but protect from excessive heat and physical damage during transit. |
| Storage | Store in original, unopened container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption, as nylon 12 is hygroscopic. Protect from ignition sources. Use within recommended shelf life, typically two years from delivery if stored properly. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2-5 years when stored cool, dry, and away from UV light in original packaging. |
Electrical cabinet cable management components are processed from the dry PA12 FR compound without downstream blending of a separate flame-retardant masterbatch. The dry designation refers to moisture-protected packaging rather than open-plant hopper stability; once a foil-lined bag is opened, the material should be transferred to a closed desiccant hopper. The material is introduced as 100 wt% as-supplied pellets; regrind from sprue and rejected tie blanks is limited to 15 wt% and is re-introduced only after the re-granulate has been re-dried to a residual moisture content below 0.15 wt% as determined by ISO 15512:2019. In a typical 16-cavity cable-tie tool mounted on a 120 t hydraulic machine, the processing window is held at a melt temperature of 245–265 °C and a tool temperature of 40–60 °C; packing pressure at 50–70 MPa is applied for 1.5–2.5 s to prevent sink marks at the pawl hinge. Screw recovery speed is limited to 60–100 min⁻¹ because higher rotation raises frictional heat and produces surface blush at the gate. For power distribution cabinets, the component standards suite comprises UL 94 flammability classification at the finished part thickness, glow-wire resistance testing per IEC 60695-2-11:2014, and assembly acceptance under IEC 61439-1. Material-level hazardous substance obligations are addressed through RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II and REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. The moulded output covers nylon cable ties, edge clips, cable clamps, mounting saddles, and slotted wiring-duct covers.
In automotive body electronics, connector housings are moulded from 100 wt% virgin Grilamid L 20 H FR; cold-runner regrind from the same sprues and runners may be reintroduced at up to 20 wt%, provided the granulate is oil-free and the final housing is re-validated for flammability at weld lines. The principal process risk is not mould filling but flame-retardant plate-out on polished tool surfaces during high-volume 32-cavity connector moulding. On a 150 t servo-hydraulic machine with a three-zone screw of 20:1 L/D and compression ratio 2.5:1, melt temperature is maintained at 250–275 °C and tool temperature at 60–80 °C. Holding pressure profiles are set between 60–80 MPa for 2–3 s to consolidate latch arms; premature release from packing produces sink marks that can reduce connector mating force. This PA12 FR grade is selected where the harness maker requires a combination of low moisture uptake and resistance to media such as engine-bay fluids, but published data for long-term exposure to hot diesel exhaust condensate in this specific configuration is limited and must be screened by the tier-one processor. Component validation is performed to USCAR-2 electrical connector performance, with OEM-specific requirements commonly derived from LV214; material-level flammability is assessed by UL 94, and parts adjacent to live wire-harness locations are checked to IEC 60695-2-11:2014. The moulded output comprises low-voltage sensor connectors, door-harness connectors, mirror-adjuster housings, and wiring-harness retainers.
At finished wall sections at or below 0.8 mm, the vertical burning classification of this dry PA12 FR compound is controlled less by resin selection alone than by melt-temperature history, fill velocity, and weld-line consolidation. The compound is processed at 100 wt% as supplied; any regrind inclusion in thin-wall components is held to 10 wt% maximum because the flame-retardant package is already balanced for the supplied pellet and re-processing shifts the afterflame distribution at knit lines. Drying is performed in a desiccant dryer with a dew point below -30 °C at 80 °C for 4–6 h, targeting residual moisture below 0.15 wt% by ISO 15512:2019. In a 100 t electric injection-moulding machine equipped with a 20:1 L/D three-zone screw with compression ratio 2.5:1, a melt temperature of 250–265 °C is held; excursions above 270 °C produce visible yellowing at the hot-runner gate within 3–5 cycles and reduce glow-wire reproducibility. Tool temperature is raised to 60–85 °C, not for surface gloss but to increase outer-skin crystallinity and avoid brittle fracture at the snap-fit root. Injection velocity is profiled at 180–250 mm/s from the gate through the midwall, with a short 30–50 mm/s final segment to displace gas from the end-of-fill region. The resulting parts are conditioned at 23 °C and 50 % RH according to ISO 291:2008 for at least 88 h before final flammability and impact testing. Vertical burning tests are conducted on the as-moulded part thickness according to UL 94, and the same specimen geometry may be used for pre-selection by IEC 60695-11-10:2013. Any change in colour masterbatch above 1 wt% requires re-classification because pigment packages can alter burning-drip behaviour. The thin-wall parts produced under this profile are micro connector housings, compact terminal covers, and flame-retardant cable ties with section thickness below 1.0 mm.
When a rail-interior cable conduit is converted from PA66 to a PA12 flame-retardant compound, the processing and compliance assessment change because PA12 exhibits a lower melt temperature and a different smoke-evolution profile. The compound is extruded at 100 wt% as supplied; no additional flame-retardant masterbatch is added because the material is already formulated to a defined flammability package. Black colouration is achieved with a PA12 carrier carbon black masterbatch at 1–2 wt%, but the masterbatch must be verified for smoke density and toxic fume contribution before production use. A single-screw profile extruder with 30:1 L/D and a grooved feed section is operated at a melt temperature of 225–245 °C; the downstream vacuum calibrator is held at -0.05 to -0.06 MPa to maintain the 1.2–1.5 mm wall thickness. Flame-retardant decomposition residues are removed from the calibrator and die lip every 4–6 h because accumulation reduces surface slip and increases haul-off load. The extrusion stream should not be cross-contaminated with PA66 or halogenated regrind; mixed polyamide phases reduce ductility and compromise smoke-gas repeatability. The main regulatory standard is EN 45545-2:2013+A1:2015; a raw-material certificate cannot alone demonstrate HL3 compliance because the R22/R23 requirement set applies to the assembled component with all surface finishes and seals. Published data for this specific dry PA12 FR grade in a complete EN 45545-2 final part configuration is limited; screening is therefore required using ISO 5660-1:2015 cone calorimetry and ISO 5659-2:2017 smoke density before installation approval. Extruded components in this category encompass rail cable conduits, ducting profiles, cable raceways, and junction-box cable-entry frames.
Control-gear insulation carriers are moulded from the dry PA12 FR compound at 100 wt% as-supplied; regrind from hot-runner sprue is allowed up to 15 wt% only when the material has not been contaminated with release agents or organic dust from the shop floor. Drying is executed in a desiccant hopper dryer with air dew point below -25 °C at 80 °C until the residual moisture by ISO 15512:2019 is below 0.15 wt%. In a 110 t hydraulic machine with a 22:1 L/D general-purpose screw, the melt is held at 240–270 °C and the tool at 60–80 °C; screw back pressure is limited to 0.3–0.5 MPa to minimize additive degradation and mould deposit. On a 16-cavity terminal-block carrier tool with poppet valve gates, gas entrapment at the screw boss is controlled by parting-line vents of 0.01–0.02 mm depth and 4–6 mm width; blocked vents cause local burn marks that reduce tracking resistance. The finished-component compliance matrix is given in Table 1.
| Standard | Function | Application parameter |
|---|---|---|
| UL 94 | Vertical burning classification | Classification at moulded wall thickness |
| IEC 60695-2-11:2014 | Glow-wire flammability | Final-component check at 750–850 °C |
| IEC 60695-10-2:2014 | Ball-pressure resistance | Temperature per end-product standard |
| IEC 60112:2003 | Comparative tracking index | Voltage class for insulation coordination |
| IEC 60947-1:2020 | Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear | Component acceptance and thermal endurance |
| RoHS 2011/65/EU | Restricted substances | Annex II material compliance |
| REACH 1907/2006 | SVHC screening | Article 33 communication obligations |
Downstream component sets include relay bases, terminal block carriers, contactor insulation plates, and control-switch bodies. The same processing rules are applied to multi-cavity tools where hot-runner manifold temperature is kept at 245–260 °C; thermal soak of the melt above 6 min at machine stoppage is avoided to reduce glow-wire variability.
Battery management system wiring-harness clips and low-voltage connector retainers place the PA12 FR compound in proximity to busbars and voltage-sensing harnesses, so the moulding practice prioritizes tracking resistance and thermal stability over impact modification. The material is used at 100 wt% as supplied; regrind usage is limited to 10 wt% in this application because BMS-mounted clips are black and thin-walled, and higher regrind produces grey streaking at the gate. Drying at 80 °C for 4 h in a desiccant dryer with -30 °C dew point is required before moulding; open containers are not used beyond 2 h at ambient relative humidity above 60 % RH. In a 60 t electric screw machine with a 20:1 L/D screw, the melt temperature is set to 240–260 °C and the water-cooled tool to 50–70 °C. Cycle time is controlled at 12–18 s; longer residence times in the barrel above 6 min are avoided because the flame-retardant package can degrade and reduce UL 94 consistency. Component validation is performed to UL 94 at the final wall thickness, and insulation coordination is assessed under IEC 60664-1:2020; glow-wire behaviour is checked by IEC 60695-2-11:2014 for parts within 3 mm of a live busbar connection. Published accelerated ageing data for this specific PA12 FR compound in BMS modules at 85 °C / 85 % RH for 1000 h is limited; validation must be carried out on the assembled clip and cable harness. End-use items include BMS wire-harness clips, connector position assurance retainers, voltage-sense harness brackets, and module cover latches.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 H FR Nylon 12, Flame Retardant, Dry is a heat-stabilised flame-retardant polyamide 12 compound. The grade designation can be read as follows: “L” identifies the polyamide 12 backbone, “20” denotes the viscosity class, “H” indicates heat stabilisation, and “FR” specifies the flame-retardant additive package. The term “Dry” refers to the dry-as-moulded condition used for mechanical property data and melt-processing control, not to a separate polymer chemistry. In this condition, the residual moisture content is typically held below 0.10% by mass before processing. The product is intended for injection moulding and extrusion of electrical, electronic, and fluid-adjacent components that require a UL 94 flammability classification combined with the low moisture absorption, low-temperature toughness, and chemical resistance characteristic of polyamide 12.
Compared with PA6 and PA66, polyamide 12 has a lower amide-group density. This reduces equilibrium moisture uptake. Under ISO 62, PA12 conditioned at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity absorbs approximately 0.7% moisture, while PA6 typically absorbs 2.8–3.2% and PA66 absorbs 2.5–2.8%. The lower moisture uptake limits dimensional swelling and reduces the shift in electrical surface resistance that can occur in humid operating environments. The PA12 base also provides resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons, engine oils, and zinc chloride solutions used for road de-icing. These characteristics are relevant for sensor housings, connectors, cable conduits, relay bases, and other small electro-technical parts installed near road splash or in engine compartments. The flame-retardant additive package modifies these properties, so electrical testing on the final part is still required under the relevant IEC 60243-1 and IEC 60112 methods.
Before melt processing, residual moisture should be measured with a Karl Fischer titrator. If the granulate exceeds 0.10% water by mass, it is dried in a desiccant dryer with a dew point below -30 °C at 80 °C for 4–8 h. Drying above 90 °C is not recommended because extended high-temperature drying can oxidise the stabiliser system and shift viscosity or colour. Melt temperature is normally maintained between 240 and 260 °C, with mould temperature set between 60 and 90 °C for controlled crystallisation and dimensional stability. On all-electric injection moulding machines, a shut-off nozzle and a general-purpose screw with a length-to-diameter ratio of 20:1 to 23:1 reduce drool and shear heating from the flame-retardant package. The actual melt temperature should be measured at the nozzle because shear heating can raise the material temperature by 5–10 °C above the barrel setpoint.
The dry-state property envelope is distinct from the conditioned state. Representative supplier-reported values for dry-as-moulded specimens are listed below. Conditioned specimens show lower tensile modulus and higher notched impact because absorbed water acts as a plasticiser in the polyamide 12 matrix. Long-term thermal ageing above 100 °C in air should be validated for the specific wall thickness, colour, and regrind fraction because the flame-retardant system can alter oxidation kinetics relative to non-FR PA12. Flammability classification is documented under UL 94; thin-wall components may achieve a V-0 rating at 0.8 mm, but the governing yellow card must be checked for colour, regrind content, and minimum thickness.
| Property | Test method | Dry-as-moulded value |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.05 g/cm³ |
| Water absorption, saturation in water at 23 °C | ISO 62 | 1.2% |
| Moisture absorption at 23 °C, 50% RH | ISO 62 | 0.7% |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-2 | 1500 MPa |
| Yield stress | ISO 527-2 | 35 MPa |
| Nominal strain at break | ISO 527-2 | >50% |
| Charpy notched impact strength at 23 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 8 kJ/m² |
| Melting temperature | ISO 11357-3 | 176 °C |
| Heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa | ISO 75-2/A | 55 °C |
| Flammability classification | UL 94 | V-0 at 0.8 mm |
Electro-technical test data are commonly reported for the dry state because moisture absorption changes dielectric response. Dielectric strength under IEC 60243-1 and comparative tracking index under IEC 60112 should be evaluated on final parts at the expected service humidity. A comparative tracking index of 600 V may be listed for dry specimens, but moulded-in stress, colourants, and absorbed moisture can alter the result. These electrical values are not design limits unless confirmed by the yellow-card revision and the part-specific test report.
The combination of flame retardancy and PA12 chemical resistance is most relevant in under-hood electrical connectors, exterior sensor housings, cable ducts, and junction components exposed to calcium chloride and sodium chloride de-icing brines. Under ISO 175 chemical immersion screening, the PA12 base is generally not affected by aliphatic hydrocarbons, diesel fuel, or salt solutions at ambient temperature, whereas strong mineral acids and polar solvents such as methanol may attack the polymer at elevated temperature. The flame-retardant additive system narrows the chemical resistance boundary slightly because exposed additive particles can be extracted under prolonged hot-water immersion. Components that require continuous use in hot aqueous media above 80 °C should be validated separately, because the PA12 matrix undergoes hydrolytic ageing. Published data for this specific FR configuration in long-term hot-water exposure is limited.
On production-scale reciprocating-screw injection moulding machines, the FR grade may require 10–15% higher melt pressure than the non-FR PA12 at the same injection speed because the flame-retardant additive increases shear viscosity. The main observed processing failure is gate blush from localised shear heating when screw surface speed exceeds 0.5 m/s. In multi-cavity hot-runner connector tools, holding pressure is typically set by conducting a gate-seal study, with starting values dependent on wall thickness and runner geometry. Melt residence time should not exceed 10 min at 260 °C, including the hot-runner manifold residence time, because the flame-retardant additive and the polyamide 12 matrix can degrade together at sustained high temperature. Screw rotation is normally limited to 80–150 rpm for screws between 25 and 40 mm diameter. A cushion of 3–5 mm is recommended to prevent screw bottoming and to stabilise hold-pressure transfer.
| Processing parameter | Boundary or starting value | Equipment note |
|---|---|---|
| Drying temperature | 80 °C | Desiccant dryer, dew point ≤ -30 °C |
| Drying time | 4–8 h | Dependent on initial moisture and hopper loading |
| Residual moisture before processing | ≤ 0.10% | Karl Fischer titration |
| Melt temperature | 240–260 °C | Nozzle melt probe recommended |
| Mould temperature | 60–90 °C | Pressurised water or oil heater circuit |
| Melt residence time | ≤ 10 min | Include hot-runner manifold |
| Screw surface speed | ≤ 0.5 m/s | Higher values increase shear heating |
| Screw rotation | 80–150 rpm | For 25–40 mm screw diameter |
| Back pressure | 30–100 bar | Adjust for melt temperature consistency |
| Regrind fraction | ≤ 25% | Subject to UL 94 yellow-card conditions |
Compared with the non-FR heat-stabilised Grilamid L 20 H, the FR formulation lowers elongation at break and may increase injection pressure at the same melt temperature because the flame-retardant additives alter melt viscosity. Unlike glass-fibre-reinforced FR compounds, this grade retains the unfilled PA12 toughness at low temperature and does not introduce the anisotropy or abrasion of fibrous fillers. Compared with PA66 FR compounds, the grade has lower density, lower moisture uptake, and better zinc chloride resistance, but its heat deflection temperature under 1.8 MPa is lower and its creep resistance at elevated temperature is not as high. The product is therefore selected when low-temperature impact, dimensional stability in humid air, and chemical resistance outweigh high-temperature load-bearing capacity. It is not a direct substitute for glass-filled PA66 FR in structural brackets exposed to continuous load at 120 °C.
The grade is covered by a UL 94 yellow card, and supplier documentation can address REACH compliance under EC 1907/2006 and RoHS recast obligations under Directive 2011/65/EU as amended by Directive (EU) 2015/863. The permitted regrind content depends on the yellow-card listing, colour, and minimum wall thickness; a common conservative upper limit is 25%, but black thin-wall V-0 listings may allow a different verified fraction. Avoid blending the compound with halogenated flame-retardant masterbatches or amine-containing additives without supplier validation, because synergist-antagonist interactions can shift flammability, tracking resistance, or long-term thermal stability. Where the application must meet railway or household-appliance glow-wire requirements, the part should be tested under IEC 60695-2-12 and IEC 60695-2-13 at the finished wall thickness and colour, because moulded-in stress and thickness influence glow-wire behaviour.
On a manufacturing line producing multi-cavity connector housings with hot-runner tools, the main constraint is the narrow melt-temperature window. Barrel setpoints near 250 °C are used, but local hot-runner overshoot above 270 °C can generate surface streaks and may reduce flame-retardant performance. Shot-to-shot variation is controlled by maintaining a cushion of 3–5 mm and by keeping screw recovery within the specified rotation range. The product should not be specified for hot-water plumbing, continuous immersion in strong mineral acids, or outdoor load-bearing applications without additional UV-stabilised or weather-resistant validation. For dry-as-moulded testing, the specimens should be sealed in moisture-barrier bags after moulding and tested within the time specified by the property-data protocol.
