| HS Code | 326663 |
| Density Conditioned | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption At Saturation | 1.5 % |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 50 °C |
| Tensile Modulus Conditioned | 950 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Yield Conditioned | 35 MPa |
| Elongation At Break Conditioned | 300 % |
| Flexural Modulus Conditioned | 900 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Notched 23 C Conditioned | 8 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Impact Unnotched 23 C Conditioned | No break |
| Shore Hardness D Conditioned | 72 |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 135 °C |
| Volume Resistivity Conditioned | 10^12 Ω·cm |
| Dielectric Strength Conditioned | 30 kV/mm |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 G Nylon 12, Conditioned factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaged in 25 kg sealed polyethylene bags, protected from moisture, with product identification and lot number for traceability. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Load a 20’ FCL with conditioned Grilamid L 20 G nylon 12 granules in sealed, palletized bags, securely stowed to prevent moisture uptake and damage. |
| Shipping | Ship as non-hazardous plastic granules in sealed, moisture-proof bags or drums. Protect from puncture and direct sunlight. Store dry and at ambient temperature. Keep away from ignition sources and incompatible materials. Ensure proper labeling with product name and lot number. No special transport classification required under standard regulations. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid L 20 G in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture. To preserve the conditioned state, avoid exposure to high humidity and temperature fluctuations. Reseal promptly after use; under proper conditions, shelf life is typically extended for several years. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is indefinite when stored in original sealed packaging in a cool, dry environment. |
In underhood fuel delivery and evaporative emission systems, conditioned EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 G is re-dried before melt processing because the conditioned state, which reflects moisture uptake during transport and storage, cannot be fed directly into a reciprocating screw without hydrolysis-induced viscosity shift and surface splay on molded clips. The compound is designated PA12-GF20 according to ISO 16396-1, and the as-supplied glass-fiber loading is 20% by mass, verified by ash residue per ISO 3451-1. Pre-drying is executed in a desiccant dryer with a dew point below −25 °C at 80 °C for 4–8 h until residual moisture falls below 0.10 wt%. Incoming lot-to-lot moisture content is checked by Karl Fischer titration because conditioned material can vary between 0.10% and 0.25% residual moisture depending on packaging integrity and storage humidity. Thin-wall fuel-line retaining clips with nominal wall thickness 1.5–2.5 mm are molded at melt temperatures of 255–275 °C and mold temperatures of 60–80 °C, with packing pressure at 60–80 MPa and screw back pressure held between 0.5 MPa and 1.0 MPa to limit glass-fiber attrition in the compression zone. The downstream injection process on four-cavity hydraulic tools with clamping force from 800 kN to 1,200 kN uses a cold runner with valve-gate sequencing; warpage from anisotropic glass orientation is controlled by holding the mold at the upper end of the specified range and by balancing gate location across the clip hinge and retention latch. Chemical-compliance testing follows ISO 16750-5:2010 for chemical loads in underhood service, with fuel immersion values reported per ISO 175:2010 using Fuel B at 23 °C and engine-oil exposure at 125 °C. Fiber-rich weld lines at snap-fit hinges are a known production failure mode when melt temperature falls below 250 °C, and the defect is controlled by raising downstream barrel temperature without exceeding the upper melt limit. Terminal product types in this segment are fuel-line retaining clips, evaporative-emission canister brackets, brake-line separators, and anti-rattle fuel-rail clips.
Pneumatic quick-release couplings produced from Grilamid L 20 G are exposed to pressure pulsation, vibration, and condensed water in compressed-air lines, making low moisture absorption of PA12-GF20 the relevant selection variable. The pellet contains 20 wt% glass fiber per ISO 3451-1, and processors restrict regrind addition to 15–20 wt% of total shot mass because repeated melt history reduces fiber length and lowers hoop-stress capacity at threaded sections. Pre-drying before molding is performed at 80 °C for 4–6 h to reach 0.10% maximum residual moisture. Multi-cavity hot-runner tools with valve-gate sequencing are used for body and release-ring components; melt temperature is maintained between 245 °C and 265 °C, mold temperature between 50 °C and 70 °C, and afterpressure at 70–90 MPa for 3–5 s per cavity to prevent sink marks at sealing edges and thread roots. Compliance is anchored to ISO 14743:2020 for push-in connectors for thermoplastic tubes, and ISO 228-1 for parallel pipe threads where metal threaded adapters are inserted or where union nuts mate. In-service verification for fittings with maximum working pressure of 1.0 MPa at 23 °C is performed according to ISO 14743:2020; the standard defines leakage and burst requirements at specified safety factors. Batch-to-batch variance in fiber orientation at the release-ring undercut is checked by cross-section microscopy on first-shot samples after tool changes, because off-axis orientation causes premature ring fracture during coupling insertion. Terminal product types include 1/8″–1/2″ bulkhead connectors, flow-control valves, tube-to-tube unions, release-ring bodies, and silencer housings.
In rooftop photovoltaic and outdoor telecommunication installations, metal cable ties are replaced with glass-filled PA12 where edge abrasion against cable jackets and galvanic corrosion at mixed-metal joints become failure sources. The formulation remains at the as-supplied 20% by mass glass-fiber loading; for outdoor service, processors add 2–3 wt% UV stabilizer masterbatch by gravimetric dosing at the feed throat, keeping total additive below 5 wt% to avoid excessive melt viscosity shift and ratchet-tooth drive slippage. Pre-drying at 80 °C for 4–8 h to below 0.10% moisture is required before high-cavity cold-runner injection molding. The production process for releasable cable ties uses fast-filling tools with melt temperatures of 255–270 °C and mold temperatures of 40–60 °C; strap thickness from 0.8 mm to 2.5 mm is gated at the tail to orient glass fibers along the strap axis, while ratchet teeth are formed with polished inserts and ejector sequencing to prevent tooth deformation at demolding. Compliance references for electrical installation cable ties are UL 62275, with outdoor UV conditioning evaluated per UL 746C; tensile retention after UV exposure is compared against unexposed control samples rather than absolute catalog strength. Environmental stress cracking is checked after wet-arc tracking exposure on production tooling, because tie heads show microcracks when mold temperature falls below 40 °C and crystalline development at the ratchet hinge is incomplete. Terminal products include releasable cable ties, screw-mount conduit clips, fir-tree harness retainers, and photovoltaic wire-management clips.
Underhood electrical and electronic housings require dimensional stability after thermal cycling and exposure to transmission fluid, coolant mist, and road salt. The PA12-GF20 system with 20 wt% glass-fiber reinforcement shows lower post-mold moisture shift than PA6 and PA66 grades used in the same underhood space; the material is dried to 0.10% maximum moisture at 80 °C for 4–6 h and molded at melt temperatures from 250 °C to 270 °C. Mold temperature is held at 70–80 °C to stabilize crystalline development and to reduce post-mold warpage in thin sensor-bracket ribs; afterpressure is maintained at 60–75 MPa for 2–4 s per millimeter of nominal wall. Compliance for environmental loading is evaluated according to ISO 16750-3:2012 for mechanical vibration and shock, and electrical clearance and creepage requirements follow IEC 60664-1; components mounted near engine electronics are additionally checked for fuel and oil compatibility per ISO 175:2010. The injection process uses single-screw reciprocating machines with screw L/D ratio of 20:1–25:1 and nozzle temperature maintained 5–10 °C below melt temperature to prevent drool and hot-runner stringing. Insert overmolding of brass thread bosses is performed with preheated inserts at 120 °C to avoid delayed insert pull-out under vibration, a failure mode observed on production lines when insert temperature falls below 100 °C. Terminal products in this segment are electric power steering sensor brackets, engine control unit cover frames, yaw-rate sensor housings, and wire-harness retainers clipped to firewall studs.
| Sector | Governing standard or method | Controlled variable | Boundary condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Automotive fuel-system retainers | ISO 16750-5:2010; ISO 175:2010 | Fuel B and oil resistance | −40 °C to 125 °C underhood exposure |
| Pneumatic push-to-connect fittings | ISO 14743:2020; ISO 228-1 | Leakage and thread integrity | 1.0 MPa at 23 °C |
| Outdoor cable ties | UL 62275; UL 746C | UV resistance and tensile retention | 2–3 wt% UV masterbatch addition |
| Underhood E/E housings | ISO 16750-3:2012; IEC 60664-1 | Vibration and clearance/creepage | 70–80 °C mold temperature |
| Appliance pump impellers | IEC 60335-1:2020; IEC 60695-2-11 | Glow-wire resistance | 750 °C or 850 °C per end-product clause |
| Industrial valve manifolds | ISO 21787:2006; ISO 175:2010 | Hydrostatic pressure and chemical resistance | DN 15–DN 25 small-bore valve bodies |
Appliance circulation pump impellers in domestic dishwashers and washing machines expose thermoplastics to hot detergent solution, bleach residuals, and hard-water scale at temperatures up to 60 °C continuous and 90 °C short-term. The conditioned PA12-GF20 grade is re-dried at 80 °C for 4–8 h to below 0.10% moisture before injection molding; the 20% glass-fiber loading is retained without further filler addition to preserve impeller balance and avoid excessive tool wear in multi-cavity core-pull molds. Melt temperature is set between 240 °C and 260 °C, mold temperature between 60 °C and 80 °C, and holding pressure at 50–70 MPa for the impeller hub to prevent sink around the shaft insert. The production process uses a cold-runner multi-cavity tool with collapsible cores or mechanical side actions to release undercut blade geometry; post-molding dimensional audit is performed after 24 h conditioning at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity per ISO 291. End-product compliance is evaluated under IEC 60335-1:2020 household appliance safety, with glow-wire testing per IEC 60695-2-11 at 750 °C or 850 °C depending on the distance from live parts and current-carrying path. Hydrolytic stability in chlorinated water is monitored by measuring tensile strength retention after 1,000 h immersion at 60 °C; published data for this specific chlorinated-water configuration is limited, so part qualification includes end-user loop testing rather than relying solely on standardized coupon aging. Terminal product types are impellers, diffuser plates, drain-pump bodies, and venturi nozzles for detergent dosing.
Industrial valve manifolds and filter heads in chemical-dosing skids replace acetal copolymer when humid process air, chlorine-containing water, or aggressive condensate causes acetal to fail through acid-catalyzed depolymerization at stressed sealing ribs. The PA12-GF20 compound with 20% glass-fiber content by mass per ISO 3451-1 is processed at melt temperatures from 250 °C to 265 °C, with mold temperature maintained at 70–80 °C to minimize shrinkage variation in thick bosses and flange faces. Pre-drying at 80 °C for 6–8 h to below 0.10% moisture is mandatory because retained moisture hydrolyzes the polyamide backbone and generates surface splay at knit lines around side-port threads. The downstream process for valve bodies uses low-shear screw geometry and sequential valve-gate injection to control fiber orientation at the ball-seat sealing surface; afterpressure is set at 65–85 MPa, with cooling time extended by 3–5 s per 5 mm of wall thickness to prevent vacuum-void formation in the thick flange section. Industry compliance is evaluated under ISO 21787:2006 for industrial thermoplastic valves, and chemical resistance is documented according to ISO 175:2010 for aliphatic hydrocarbons, motor oil, weak acids, and neutral salt solutions; contact with strong oxidizing acids and phenolic solvents must be excluded because PA12 degrades in these media. Knit-line strength at the side-port boss is checked on production tooling after each tool maintenance cycle, because glass-fiber depletion at the intersecting melt fronts causes immediate valve-body leakage under hydrostatic testing when afterpressure is insufficient. Terminal products are ball-valve bodies from DN 15 to DN 25, diaphragm-valve upper housings, filter heads, dosing-pump bases, and inlet manifolds for agricultural chemical injection.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 G is a semi-crystalline nylon 12 moulding and extrusion compound reinforced with 20% by mass glass fibre. The material is classified under ISO 1043-1 as PA12-GF20; the “Conditioned” condition refers to test specimens or parts that have absorbed sufficient moisture to reach quasi-equilibrium in a 23 °C/50% relative humidity atmosphere according to ISO 291, or that have undergone accelerated conditioning under ISO 1110. Because nylon 12 has a lower amide-group density than PA6 or PA66, its equilibrium moisture uptake is lower, but the absorbed water still acts as a plasticizer in the amorphous phase. Published physical data for this product class place density in the 1.15–1.25 g/cm³ range when tested to ISO 1183-1, and water uptake at 50% relative humidity is generally reported between 0.5% and 0.8% under ISO 62. These values are central to design verification because dry-as-moulded tensile data over-predict stiffness and under-predict ductility for parts operating in humid air.
The reinforcement level is selected to increase strength, modulus and heat resistance relative to unfilled Grilamid L 20. In the dry state, tensile modulus is typically between 4 400 MPa and 5 800 MPa, compared with 1 300–1 800 MPa for an unfilled PA12 of the same chain chemistry. The trade-off is a reduction in tensile strain at break; glass-filled PA12 fails at 4–7% strain in dry tensile tests, whereas unfilled PA12 can exceed 25%. Heat deflection temperature under 1.8 MPa load is typically in the 140–160 °C range when tested to ISO 75-1/-2, and the melting point measured by differential scanning calorimetry is generally 175–180 °C under ISO 11357-1/-3. Designers who replace unreinforced PA12 with Grilamid L 20 G must therefore increase the minimum radius on snap-fit arms and avoid sharp transitions in load-bearing sections. The glass-fibre network also reduces isotropic mould shrinkage, but it introduces fibre-orientation-driven anisotropy; shrinkage in the flow direction is typically lower than in the transverse direction.
In conditioned PA12-GF20, water diffuses primarily into the amorphous phase. The crystalline lamellae remain largely impenetrable under ordinary service temperatures, so the observed property shift is dominated by hydrogen-bond disruption in non-crystalline regions. Under ISO 527-1/-2, conditioned tensile modulus of Grilamid L 20 G class materials typically declines to 2 800–3 800 MPa, while tensile stress at break falls to 50–70 MPa. Elongation at break increases to 10–18%, and notched Charpy impact values measured at 23 °C according to ISO 179-1/1eA move from 8–12 kJ/m² dry to 12–20 kJ/m² conditioned. The glass fibres retain their modulus, so the percentage drop in tensile modulus is smaller than for unfilled PA12. This behaviour is significant for snap-fit closures in conditioned environments: the engagement force falls as the part softens, but resistance to brittle cracking improves.
Table 1 summarizes typical property ranges for a 20% glass-fibre PA12 grade of this viscosity class. These are representative published data, not guaranteed minima or maxima; fibre orientation, specimen thickness and gate design can shift values by more than 20% in local regions. Results from end-gated ISO tensile bars should not be used directly for highly oriented thin-wall features without validation.
| Property | Test standard | Dry as-moulded | Conditioned |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 4 400–5 800 MPa | 2 800–3 800 MPa |
| Tensile stress at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | 85–110 MPa | 50–70 MPa |
| Tensile strain at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | 4–7% | 10–18% |
| Notched Charpy impact, 23 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 8–12 kJ/m² | 12–20 kJ/m² |
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.15–1.25 g/cm³ | |
| Water uptake at 50% RH | ISO 62 | 0.5–0.8% | |
The moisture-induced increase in notched Charpy toughness is not uniform across all failure modes. At weld lines, fibre orientation is typically transverse or perpendicular to flow, and the weld interface remains a low-elongation plane. Conditioned Charpy bars without weld lines may show high impact values, while an actual moulded weld line can still fail at significantly lower energy. For this reason, impact test results from multipurpose specimens are used for comparative ranking rather than for absolute part-life prediction.
Fuel-line clips, pneumatic couplers, hydraulic hose retainers and brake-system connectors are typical application fields in which moisture-conditioned PA12-GF20 data are relevant. The PA12 backbone provides lower equilibrium water uptake than PA6/PA66 and reduced polarity for hydrocarbon service; however, glass-fibre reinforcement introduces anisotropic swelling. Longitudinal fibre orientation restrains expansion along the fibre axis, while through-thickness expansion remains greater. Chemical resistance testing for such components is normally carried out according to ISO 175 or proprietary OEM immersion schedules using test fuels at 60 °C for 72 h to 1 000 h; dimensional change limits are generally below 1.5% for precision fittings, though published data for this specific EMS grade under all fuel blends is limited.
At low temperatures, conditioned PA12-GF20 retains a relatively ductile failure mode. Dry-as-moulded parts with high internal stress can show brittle fracture below -20 °C, while conditioned parts tested at -40 °C frequently show only partial loss of room-temperature impact energy. This distinction matters for commercial vehicle compressed-air systems in cold climates. Validation testing should therefore include low-temperature impact after moisture conditioning, not only on freshly moulded dry components. The combination of fuel absorption and cold conditioning is more severe than either exposure alone; absorbed fuel plasticizes the matrix and lowers the effective glass transition, which can improve low-temperature toughness but reduce stiffness and lap-joint retention force.
In drinking-water and food-contact applications, the grade is not automatically compliant. Selected PA12 grades can be evaluated for food-contact use under FDA 21 CFR 177.1500; final-article compliance under EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 requires migration testing under worst-case intended use. Glass fibre content, surface finish and production aids may influence compliance. Similarly, REACH and RoHS declarations must be obtained from the material supplier for the specific production lot, because additive packages can vary between natural and coloured versions. Without such documentation, general statements of regulatory compliance are not sufficient for technical due diligence.
Grilamid L 20 G must be dried before melt processing when storage humidity is uncontrolled. A desiccant dryer at 80 °C for 4–8 h is generally recommended to reduce moisture below 0.1% by mass. Higher residual moisture produces splay on part surfaces, reduces melt viscosity and can create voids in thick sections. Injection moulding melt temperatures should be held between 230 °C and 270 °C; local temperatures above 300 °C in hot-runner manifolds can cause yellowing and molecular-weight loss. Mould surface temperatures in the 40–80 °C range control crystallinity, warpage and fibre wetting. On the lower end of the mould-temperature window, rapid skin freezing reduces surface replication and can increase anisotropic shrinkage; at higher temperatures, improved fibre wetting and crystallinity are obtained at the cost of longer cycle time.
Extrusion of glass-reinforced PA12 for tubing or profile production uses low-shear screw designs. Typical compression ratios range from 2.0:1 to 2.5:1, and L/D ratios from 24:1 to 30:1 are common. High-shear barrier screws or excessive screw speed above 300 min⁻¹ can reduce glass-fibre length and damage notched impact performance. Melt filtration at 60 µm is often specified to remove unmelted glass bundles; however, screen-pack selection must be balanced against pressure drop. After processing, PA12-GF20 parts absorb moisture slowly. Wall thickness determines the time to practical equilibrium: a 3 mm moulded wall at 23 °C/50% RH may require several weeks to approach saturation, which is why accelerated conditioning according to ISO 1110 is used for test-specimen preparation.
On production-scale injection moulding machines, screw-recovery times for glass-reinforced PA12 are typically longer than for unfilled PA12 because the fibre network increases melt viscosity at low shear. Clamp force requirements are driven by projected area and flow length; thin-wall connectors often require injection pressures of 80–120 MPa and cavity filling times below 0.5 s to avoid premature freeze-off. Hold-pressure profiles of 40–60 MPa for 5–10 s reduce sink marks in thick bosses, but excessive hold pressure can induce overpacking at the gate and increase warpage after conditioning. These processing inputs should be optimized with short-shot studies because glass orientation near the gate is highly sensitive to fill speed. Glass-fibre abrasion also requires tooling and screw surfaces with hardness above 55 HRC or equivalent surface treatment to limit excessive wear.
Material selection against short-chain glass-filled nylons focuses on the trade-off between dry modulus and moisture stability. PA6-GF30 and PA66-GF30 provide higher initial tensile modulus and heat deflection temperature, but they absorb considerably more water in humid air. The lower equilibrium moisture uptake of PA12-GF20 translates into smaller dimensional change and less property drift between dry and conditioned states. In weight-sensitive assemblies, the density difference is also relevant: PA12-GF20 is approximately 12% lower in specific gravity than a typical 30% glass-reinforced PA66.
| Material | Density (ISO 1183-1) | Water uptake at 50% RH (ISO 62) | Dry tensile modulus (ISO 527-1/-2) |
| Grilamid L 20 G PA12-GF20 | 1.15–1.25 g/cm³ | 0.5–0.8% | 4.4–5.8 GPa |
| Unreinforced Grilamid L 20 PA12 | 1.01 g/cm³ | 0.5–0.8% | 1.3–1.8 GPa |
| PA6-GF30 | 1.34–1.38 g/cm³ | 2.5–3.0% | 7.0–9.0 GPa |
| PA66-GF30 | 1.36–1.40 g/cm³ | 2.0–2.5% | 7.5–9.5 GPa |
These comparative data are based on general published values for standard glass-reinforced polyamide grades; property boundaries for specific EMS Grilamid production lots should be taken from the supplier certificate of analysis. The substitution of PA12-GF20 for PA6-GF30 in structural parts requires recalculation of rib section moments of inertia because the lower dry modulus cannot be offset by geometric changes alone. Conversely, in heavily moisture-exposed parts, the actual conditioned modulus difference is narrower than the dry data suggest, because PA6-GF30 loses a larger fraction of its stiffness after moisture uptake.
