| HS Code | 720827 |
| Density | 1.08 g/cm³ |
| Reinforcement Content | 20% glass beads |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.2% |
| Water Absorption Saturation | 0.7% |
| Tensile Modulus 1 Mm Min | 3000 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 50 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 15% |
| Charpy Impact Strength 23 C | 50 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength 23 C | 5 kJ/m² |
| Melting Temperature | 178 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 80 Mpa | 65 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 150 °C |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 20 G grey 9280 PA12 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 20 G grey 9280 PA12 is supplied as dry pellets in sealed 25 kg bags, stacked on pallets for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20' FCL: Grilamid L20G grey PA12 pellets in sealed bags, palletized, strapped, and stowed with ventilation to prevent moisture uptake. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® L 20 G grey 9280 PA12 ships in sealed, moisture-proof packaging to preserve its low moisture absorption and dimensional stability. Standard ground or air freight is acceptable; keep in cool, dry conditions away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Handle with care to avoid contamination. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid® L 20 G grey 9280 in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry place. Protect from moisture, humidity, direct sunlight, and excessive heat to prevent degradation or water absorption. Keep away from incompatible substances. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically several years. |
| Shelf Life | Store in original sealed container, dry and cool. Shelf life is at least two years from delivery date for Grilamid® L 20 G grey 9280. |
Automotive evaporative emission line components injection-moulded from EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 20 G grey 9280 PA12 use the 20 wt% glass-fibre reinforcement to constrain dimensional movement in fuel-vapour quick connectors, EVAP retainers and rollover-valve mounting flanges. The material is pre-dried at 80°C for 4–6 h in a desiccant-air hopper until residual moisture is below 0.10 wt%. Moulding at melt temperatures between 250°C and 270°C and tool surface temperatures between 60°C and 90°C produces a glass-rich outer skin that stabilises the sealing diameter. Glass-fibre content is verified by ISO 1172; the dry tensile modulus measured to ISO 527-2 stays in the 4,500–5,500 MPa range. Gate location at the radial end of a male connector stem aligns fibres circumferentially, while the weld line opposite the core forms a resin-rich plane with reduced burst resistance. Multi-stage filling and a cushion of 3–5 mm are applied to prevent gas entrapment at the weld line. Fuel-vapour resistance is screened under ISO 175 immersion in Fuel C at 60°C for 1,000 h; OEM fuel-system specifications typically set maximum dimensional change at 0.8% on the sealing diameter. Regrind is limited to 25 wt% in pressure-tested parts subjected to 10 bar pneumatic leak decay. Finished components are assembled to SAE J2044 quick connectors, EVAP canister clips and rollover-valve bodies. Published data for long-term Fuel C exposure of the 9280 grey colour batch is limited; batch rheology must be checked against an approved reference curve.
In compressed-air valve assemblies, 20% glass-reinforced PA12 is used for manifold blocks, interface plates and solenoid valve base bodies where oil mist, vibration and 6–10 bar working pressure must be accommodated. The compound is dried at 80°C for 4 h to below 0.10% moisture; melt temperature for thick-to-thin manifold fills is 260–280°C, with holding pressure between 600 bar and 900 bar. The tool temperature is held at 70–90°C to reduce post-mould shrinkage and to prevent exposed glass at venting grooves. Shrinkage is anisotropic; ISO 294-4 machine-direction values fall between 0.20% and 0.35%, while transverse values are 0.45–0.65%. Port-to-port centre distances on a 6-cavity manifold are held within ±0.05 mm by process-specific cavity pressure transfer. Leakage is checked at 1.5× operating pressure, typically 16 bar for a 10 bar system. Finished parts conform to interface dimensions of ISO 15407-1 for pneumatic valve ports and are installed in CETOP hydraulic adapter plates. Continuous service above 80°C in water-saturated compressed air is not recommended because PA12 undergoes hydrolysis in acidic condensate below pH 4 or alkaline condensate above pH 9. Regrind is generally kept below 20 wt% for pressure-tested manifold bodies to preserve weld-line integrity.
Heavy-duty cable ties and harness clips made from PA12-GF20 are used in rolling-stock conductor management and industrial switchgear where dry heat ageing, vibration and assembly snapping are concurrent. The retention force is measured according to IEC 62275:2015; heat-aged samples at 120°C for 168 h must maintain sufficient loop tensile force for their bundle rating. The glass fibres reduce creep but create local stress concentration at the strap-to-lock transition; a gate below 1.0 mm diameter at the tail end can generate shear heating above 290°C and lower molecular weight at the load-bearing root. Production therefore uses a slightly larger gate and melt temperature of 250–270°C, with mould temperature at 60–80°C. Regrind is generally limited to 20 wt% for thin-wall cable ties because impact strength decays more rapidly than tensile stiffness. Finished parts include railway wiring harness ties, cable gland strain-relief bodies and EMC cable clips. For EN 45545-2 rail fire zones, unmodified PA12-GF20 is not acceptable without an additional flame-retardant compound; the 9280 grey grade is not a fire-retardant variant. Batch lot control includes Charpy notched impact testing to ISO 179-1/1eA on dry-as-moulded specimens; a downward shift from the supplier-lot average indicates fibre breakage or moisture defects.
Coolant circuit quick couplings, thermal management connectors and transmission oil cooler unions are moulded from the same base resin when dimensional stability in hot water-glycol is more critical than high-pressure burst behaviour. The material is pre-dried at 80°C for 4–6 h; residual moisture above 0.15% produces silver streaks on barb sealing surfaces. Melt temperature is set at 255–275°C, tool temperature at 70–90°C. The 20 wt% glass content reduces equilibrium water uptake relative to PA6 or PA66, and ISO 62 immersion in water at 23°C gives saturation values below 1.5 wt% for PA12. In 50:50 ethylene glycol–water at 95°C, the glass-filled PA12 retains enough hoop stress to pass a 1.5× service pressure leak test, but continuous exposure above 100°C in a closed loop with oxygen ingress promotes oxidative degradation. Gland retention features are dimensioned with ISO 294-4 shrinkage values of 0.25–0.40% longitudinal and 0.50–0.70% transverse. Finished terminal parts include coolant quick couplings, expansion tank nipples and battery thermal management distribution fittings. These parts are not intended for drinking-water service; only grades certified to NSF/ANSI 61 or equivalent local requirements are used in potable water distributor fittings.
When a sensor housing must maintain dielectric stability under damp heat and low-warpage assembly, PA12-GF20 replaces amorphous PA6-GF grades where moisture absorption can shift dimensions and capacitance. The material is injection-moulded into oil-level sensor bodies, flow-sensor enclosures and connector backshells. Damp heat testing at 85°C and 85% RH for 1,000 h per IEC 60068-2-78 is used to screen dimensional change and surface leakage. Melt temperature is held at 250–270°C; tool temperature is held at 60–90°C. For insert moulding of brass pins, pin preheat is set at 120°C to prevent melt freeze at the insert interface. The unmodified PA12-GF20 grade normally achieves only UL 94 HB; no V-0 classification is attributed to the 9280 grey lot. Clearance and creepage design follows IEC 60664-1. Published comparative surface-resistance data after 85°C/85% RH exposure for this specific colour is limited; dielectric acceptance must be confirmed on production parts because glass-fibre surfacing can lower surface resistivity relative to neat PA12.
Medium-duty pump impellers, rotor housings and gear-body replacements use glass-filled PA12 in low-pressure fluid circuits, hydronic circulators and industrial dosing pumps. The key processing conflict is radial shrinkage anisotropy; a disc-shaped impeller with a 60 mm diameter and 2.5 mm wall can exhibit out-of-roundness above 0.1 mm if gate freeze-off occurs before full pack transfer. Moulding uses a melt temperature of 260–280°C, tool temperature of 60–80°C and holding time based on gate seal time; the gate seal is identified by a pressure-drop curve rather than fixed timer for each cavity. Shrinkage values are quantified by ISO 294-4; the use of 20 wt% glass fibre lowers longitudinal shrinkage but increases differential between flow and cross-flow directions. Machining of the hub bore after moulding is preferred over direct moulded bores where total indicated runout below 0.05 mm is required. The components are validated for dimensional stability in circulation water at 60°C and 3 bar; chemical resistance to glycol-water and mild organic solvents is screened by ISO 175. Terminal components include hydronic circulator impellers, chemical dosing pump rotors and gear pump wear plates. Operation with strong acids, ketones or chlorinated solvents is excluded because PA12 absorbs and swells in these fluids.
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The product designation EMS-Grivory Grilamid® L 20 G grey 9280 identifies a 20% glass-fibre-reinforced polyamide 12 injection-moulding compound supplied by EMS-CHEMIE AG. The base polymer is PA12, the designation L 20 G indicates the glass-fibre reinforcement level, and grey 9280 is the manufacturer’s colour reference. The compound is intended for injection moulding of components that require lower moisture uptake than PA6 or PA66 materials, combined with practical stiffness, dimensional repeatability, and resistance to many aliphatic hydrocarbons, fuels, lubricants, and weak alkaline salt-bearing media. Typical applications include clips, brackets, connector bodies, pneumatic fittings, sensor housings, cable conduits, and enclosures exposed to humid outdoor or under-bonnet conditions. The glass-fibre content raises tensile modulus and heat deflection temperature relative to unreinforced PA12, but it also introduces anisotropic shrinkage, weld-line strength loss, and higher abrasive wear on processing equipment. The following technical sections cover specification context, processing boundaries, comparative property data, and application limitations.
According to ISO 1043-1, the polymer designation is PA12-GF20. The delivered material is a grey pelletised compound based on short glass fibre. The exact fibre length distribution after compounding is not published on the standard product data sheet, but the filler is dispersed for injection-moulding process compatibility. Although PA12 is less hygroscopic than PA6 or PA66, it is not moisture-insensitive. Pellets exposed to ambient air at 50–70% relative humidity can reach surface moisture levels that cause processing defects. Pre-drying is therefore mandatory for parts with cosmetic surfaces or structural function. The compound is not intended for rotational moulding, blow moulding, or powder-bed fusion; published processing data are specific to conventional injection-moulding practice.
Pre-drying in a desiccant hopper dryer with a dew point no higher than -30 °C is required. Drying at 80 °C for 4–6 h is commonly sufficient to bring residual moisture below 0.10% by Karl Fischer titration. Drying temperatures above 100 °C can cause surface oxidation if the dryer leaks or if the purge gas is not effectively dry, producing yellowing and loss of impact performance. At the press, a general-purpose three-zone screw with an L/D of 20–22 and a compression ratio of 2.0–2.5:1 is used. Because glass fibre increases abrasive wear of screw, barrel, check ring, and nozzle, bimetallic barrel liners and nitrided or hard-coated screws are specified where annual throughput is high or where cycle times exceed 45 s.
Barrel settings typically range from 220 °C in the feed zone to 250 °C at the nozzle. Melt temperature measured by an insertion probe should not exceed 260 °C. Temperatures above 270 °C accelerate thermal degradation of the PA12 backbone, producing brown streaking, molecular weight loss, and reduced weld-line strength. The melt residence time at processing temperature should be shorter than 10 min. In production, the shot volume should occupy 25–65% of barrel capacity. If an interruption exceeds 5 min at melt temperatures above 240 °C, the barrel should be purged with a commercial purging compound or polyethylene before restarting.
Injection pressure at the screw tip is commonly 80–120 MPa, with holding pressure between 40–70 MPa. Back pressure is set to 2–4 MPa to homogenise the glass-fibre distribution without excessive fibre breakage. Screw rotation speed is limited to 50–120 min⁻¹; higher speeds can shorten fibre length and reduce tensile strength. Mould temperature is controlled at 60–80 °C, with the upper end preferred for wall thickness below 1.5 mm. A mould temperature below 40 °C freezes orientation prematurely, lowers surface gloss, and increases post-mould shrinkage anisotropy. For parts dominated by thin ribs and high projected area, clamp force requirements are typically 5–8 kN/cm² of projected area.
Production-scale experience with multi-cavity hot-runner tools indicates that manifold thermal imbalance can generate melt-temperature differences greater than 8 °C between first and last cavity. This shifts filling pressure and produces cavity-to-cavity weight variation above 1.5%. Valve-gated hot-runner tips must be insulated; if the gate freezes before holding pressure decays, centreline porosity can appear at rib intersections. The recommended gate diameter is 0.8–1.2 mm for wall sections up to 2.5 mm, and gate land length should not exceed 1.0 mm.
PA12 with 20% glass fibre absorbs significantly less water than short-chain polyamides. At 23 °C and 50% relative humidity, equilibrium moisture uptake for PA12-GF20 typically falls in the range 0.4–0.7%. Under the same conditions, PA6-GF20 reaches approximately 2.4–2.8%, and PA66-GF20 approximately 2.0–2.4%, when tested according to ISO 62-1. At saturation in 23 °C water, PA12-GF20 is typically in the range 1.0–1.5%, whereas PA6-GF20 can approach 9–10%. The practical consequence is smaller dimensional growth, smaller modulus loss, and more stable surface resistance in humid service.
| Property | Test method | Unit | Grilamid L 20 G grey 9280 | PA6-GF20 | PA66-GF20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | g/cm³ | 1.22–1.24 | 1.36–1.38 | 1.37–1.39 |
| Water absorption at 23 °C / 50 % RH | ISO 62-1 | % | 0.4–0.7 | 2.4–2.8 | 2.0–2.4 |
| Tensile modulus, dry as-moulded | ISO 527-2 | MPa | 3500–4000 | 6800–7500 | 7000–7800 |
| Tensile strength at break, dry | ISO 527-2 | MPa | 80–95 | 125–140 | 130–145 |
| Notched Charpy impact, dry | ISO 179-1/1eA | kJ/m² | 8–12 | 10–14 | 8–12 |
| Heat deflection temperature, 1.8 MPa | ISO 75-2 | °C | 135–150 | 185–195 | 220–230 |
The lower density of PA12-GF20, approximately 1.22–1.24 g/cm³, gives an approximate 10% mass reduction compared with PA66-GF20 at equal wall thickness. The trade-off is lower dry tensile modulus. If a design requires stiffness above 5 GPa, PA66-GF20 or a higher glass-fibre loading is normally more suitable. However, in humid or outdoor service, the moisture-induced modulus decrease of PA6-GF20 can reach 30–40%, whereas PA12-GF20 retains a larger fraction of its dry stiffness because the equilibrium moisture content is much lower. Published data for the specific grey 9280 colour batch under all humidity states is limited; the values above are representative of the PA12-GF20 product family and should be confirmed against the current production certificate.
Because the 20% glass-fibre content creates anisotropic properties, mould shrinkage measured on ISO 294-4 plaques is not isotropic. Flow-direction shrinkage is commonly 0.3–0.5%, while transverse shrinkage can reach 0.6–0.9% depending on mould temperature, holding pressure, and gate geometry. Welded regions formed by two flow fronts show reduced tensile strength relative to bulk material; the retention is often 50–65% in dry as-moulded samples when tested per ISO 527-2. Gate placement should direct weld lines away from pressure-containing walls and snap-fit roots. Flow simulation based on a measured shear-viscosity curve over the range 100–10,000 s⁻¹ is required for complex geometries. A gate-freeze study should determine holding-pressure time, not part weight alone, because a frozen gate can hide packing deficiencies.
At mould temperatures below 50 °C, the cooling rate can suppress crystallinity in thin ribs. Post-mould crystallisation during the first 24 h at room temperature can then produce additional dimensional movement. Parts should be dimensionally checked after conditioning at 23 °C and 50% RH for at least 24 h, not immediately after demoulding. Mould temperature differentials greater than 10 °C between fixed and moving halves shift the neutral axis and can cause bow in long thin parts. Glass-fibre-filled PA12 also requires hardened tool steel, typically 1.2343 ESR or equivalent H13-type steel, for gate inserts and wear plates.
PA12 has longer methylene segments between amide linkages than PA6 or PA66. The lower amide density reduces affinity for polar solvents and plasticisation by water. For parts used in diesel, gasoline, lubricating grease, or compressed air with oil mist, PA12-GF20 is frequently specified over PA66-GF20 when dimensional stability and stress-cracking resistance are more important than peak dry strength. In ISO 175 immersion testing at 23 °C for 7 days in aliphatic hydrocarbons and reference oils, polyamide 12 compounds typically show smaller mass change and higher tensile strength retention than PA6 or PA66 compounds. Published data for the exact grey 9280 grade under automotive fuel blends is limited; qualification of a fuel-contact component requires testing under the intended fluid, temperature, and stress state, combining ISO 175 for chemical resistance with ISO 22088-3 for environmental stress cracking.
At -30 °C, unreinforced PA6 and PA66 can approach their ductile-brittle transition in notched impact testing, while PA12 generally retains more ductility because of its longer aliphatic chain segments. For this glass-reinforced grade, low-temperature notched Charpy testing per ISO 179-1/1eA is recommended because fibre orientation dominates the ligament behaviour. Typical applications include fuel-line brackets, gear selector cable clips, pneumatic push-in fittings, compressed-air manifolds, and sensor housings. The grey 9280 colour provides a neutral appearance without post-mould painting. The compound is not recommended for continuous exposure to strong mineral acids, phenols, methanol, or concentrated formic acid; these media attack polyamide. It is also not recommended for prolonged service in water above 80 °C under load, because hydrolysis and creep can combine in hot-water pressure systems. Creep modulus at 60 °C in humid air should be evaluated according to ISO 899-1 if the part carries a continuous structural load.
In comparison with unreinforced PA12, the 20% glass-fibre loading more than doubles the dry tensile modulus and raises the heat deflection temperature under load. Compared with higher glass loadings, such as 30% glass fibre, the L 20 G grade offers lower melt viscosity and easier filling of thin-wall sections, but it also provides lower stiffness. Compared with short-chain PA6-GF20 and PA66-GF20, the main compromises are lower dry tensile strength and lower heat deflection temperature. The main advantages are lower density, lower moisture uptake, better dimensional stability in humid environments, and reduced property shift after moisture conditioning.
For moulded articles, the ISO 11469 marking is PA12-GF20; the colour reference grey 9280 should appear on the part drawing rather than necessarily in the mould marking. The material is supplied under an EMS-Grivory specification with lot-specific melt flow and moisture data. Compliance statements for REACH Article 33, RoHS 2011/65/EU, and any food-contact or drinking-water approvals must be confirmed for this specific grade, because glass-fibre-reinforced PA12 compounds are not automatically approved for all regulated end uses.
